Abstract
Although a considerable body of research explores alterations in women's mating-relevant preferences across the menstrual cycle, investigators have yet to examine the potential for the menstrual cycle to influence intergroup attitudes. We examined the effects of changes in conception risk across the menstrual cycle on intergroup bias and found that increased conception risk was positively associated with several measures of race bias. This association was particularly strong when perceived vulnerability to sexual coercion was high. Our findings highlight the potential for hypotheses informed by an evolutionary perspective to generate new knowledge about current social problems—an avenue that may lead to new predictions in the study of intergroup relations.
| Amodio, D.M. (2008). The social neuroscience of intergroup relations. European Review of Social Psychology, 19, 1–54. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Amodio, D.M., Devine, P.G. (2006). Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias: Evidence for independent constructs and unique effects on behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 652–661. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Brigham, J.C. (1993). College students' racial attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 23, 1933–1967. Google Scholar | |
| Bröder, A., Hohmann, N. (2003). Variations in risk taking behavior over the menstrual cycle: An improved replication. Evolution and Human Behavior, 24, 391–398. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Chavanne, T.J., Gallup, G.G. (1998). Variations in risk taking behavior among female college students as a function of menstrual cycle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19, 27–32. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Daly, M., Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine. Google Scholar | |
| Gangestad, S.W., Thornhill, R. (1998). The analysis of fluctuating asymmetry redux: The robustness of parametric statistics. Animal Behaviour, 55, 497–501. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Garver-Apgar, C.E., Gangestad, S.W., Simpson, J. (2007). Women's perceptions of men's sexual coerciveness change across the menstrual cycle. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 23, 536–540. Google Scholar | |
| Garver-Apgar, C.E., Gangestad, S.W., Thornhill, R. (2008). Hormonal correlates of women's mid-cycle preference for the scent of symmetry. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29, 223–232. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Greenwald, A.G., Nosek, B.A., Banaji, M.R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197–216. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Kurzban, R., Tooby, J., Cosmides, L. (2001). Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 15387–15392. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Machery, E., Faucher, L. (2005). Social construction and the concept of race. Philosophy of Science, 72, 1208–1219. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Marlowe, F.W. (2003). The mating system of foragers in the standard cross-cultural sample. Cross-Cultural Research, 37, 282–306. Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ISI | |
| Petralia, S.M., Gallup, G.G. (2002). Effects of a sexual assault scenario on handgrip strength across the menstrual cycle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 3–10. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Roberts, S.C., Little, A.C. (2008). Good genes, complementary genes and human mate preferences. Genetica, 132, 309–321. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Senn, C.Y., Dzinas, K. (1996). Measuring fear of rape: A new scale. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 28, 141–148. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Stringer, C., McKie, R. (1997). African exodus: The origins of modern humanity. London: Cape. Google Scholar | |
| Wilcox, A.J., Dunson, D.B., Weinberg, C.R., Trussell, J., Baird, D.D. (2001). Likelihood of conception with a single act of intercourse: Providing benchmark rates for assessment of post-coital contraceptives. Contraception, 63, 211–215. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI |

