Abstract
This paper presents an approach towards enhanced building-integrated wind harnessing. It uses building forms and profiles to trigger continuous air entrainment to power turbines. Computational fluid dynamics is used for evaluating, testing, and optimizing proposed designs. Wind separation around buildings is modeled alongside an investigation into the parameters of a wing-profile to accelerate wind. Computational fluid dynamics provides a good tool for modeling, designing, and optimizing aerofoil shapes. The main parameters affecting the wing’s wind harnessing capabilities are the distance between the wing and the building and the angle of attack of the wing. The aerofoil can magnify wind velocity by a factor ranging from 0.53 to 3.5; that is, from just below Betz limit to over six times the limit, depending on incident velocities.
Practical applications: The approach presented in this paper can be implemented directly into optimization of new designs of buildings to integrate wind energy harnessing. Furthermore, new proposed wing shapes or profiles can be investigated by the same procedure presented in this study. Computational fluid dynamics investigations to building-mounted wind technologies, such as the ones presented here, are becoming increasingly adopted in the design process in practice, in university courses and future research.
References
| 1. | Dannecker, RKW, Grant, AD. Investigations of a building-integrated ducted wind turbine module. Wind Energy 2002; 5: 53–71. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 2. | Grant, AD, Johnstone, CM, Kelly, N. Urban wind energy conversion. Renewable Energy Int J 2007; 221: 171–179. Google Scholar |
| 3. | Dunster B. Architect the BEDZed sustainable project. His practise ZED factory at WWW.Zedfactory.com, (2006, accessed 12 October 2013). Google Scholar |
| 4. | Campbell N, et al. Wind energy for the built environment (project WEB) PF4, 11, EWEC 2001, Copenhagen 2--6, July, 2001. Google Scholar |
| 5. | Taylor D. Using buildings to harness wind energy. Building Res Information 1999; 26: 199--202. Google Scholar |
| 6. | Elbakheit AR. Enhanced architectural integration of photovoltaics and wind turbines into building Design. PhD Thesis, Nottingham University, UK, 2007. Google Scholar |
| 7. | Sharpe, T, Proven, G. Crossflex: concept and early development of a true building integrated wind turbine. Energy Build 2010; 42: 2365–2375. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 8. | Gerald, M, Mark, FJ, Euan, S. Vertical axis resistance type wind turbines for use in buildings. Renewable Energy 2009; 34: 1407–1412. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 9. | Walker, SL. Building mounted wind turbines and their suitability for the urban scale—a review of methods of estimating urban wind resource original research article. Energy Building 2011; 43: 1852–1862. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 10. | Andrew, G, Cameron, J, Nick, K. Urban wind energy conversion: the potential of ducted turbines. Renewable Energy 2008; 33: 1157–1163. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 11. | Ledo, L, Kosasih, PB, Cooper, P. Roof mounting site analysis for micro-wind turbines. Renewable Energy 2011; 36: 1379–1391. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 12. | Chuichi, A, Seiichi, A. Makoto Iida proposal of vernacular design for wind turbine. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynam 2002; 90: 1731–1741. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 13. | Hu, S-Y, Cheng, J-H. Innovatory designs for ducted wind turbines. Renewable Energy 2008; 33: 1491–1498. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 14. | Watson. Modelling of the performance of a building-mounted ducted wind turbine. J Physics Conf Series 2007; 75: 012001–012001. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 15. | Mertens, S, Henk Krus, RPOM, Van Rooi, J. Wind description for roof location of wind turbines, a design guidelines of the required height of a wind turbine on a horizontal roof of a mid-to high rise building. Proc global wind power. Paris, France, 2--5 April, 2002. Google Scholar |
| 16. | Oliveira, PJ, Younis, BA. On the prediction of turbulent flows around full-scale buildings. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynamics 2000; 86: 203–220. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 17. | Tsan-Hsing, Shiha, Jiang, Zhu, John L, Lumleyb. A new Reynolds stress algebraic equation. J Computer Method Appl Mech Eng Model 1995; 125: 287–302. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 18. | Kogakia, T, Kobayashi, T, Taniguchib. Large eddy simulation of flow around a rectangular cylinder. Fluid Dynamics Res 1997; 20: 11–24. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 19. | FLUENT 2.1.22 help menu. Google Scholar |
| 20. | Hoxey, RP, Richard, PJ. Flow pattern and pressure field around a full-scale building. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynamics 1993; 50: 203–212. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 21. | Meroney, RN, Leitl, BM, Rafailidis, S. Wind-tunnel and numerical modelling of flow and dispersion about several building shapes. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodynamics 1999; 81: 333–345. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 22. | Roache, PJ, Ghia, K, White, F. Editorial policy statement on the control of numerical accuracy. ASME J Fluid Eng 1986; 108: 2–2. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 23. | Grassmann, H, Bet, F, Ceschia, M. On the physics of partially static turbines. Renewable Energy 2003; 29: 491–499. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 24. | Roache, PJ. Quantification of uncertainty in computational fluid dynamics. Ann Rev Fluid Mech 1997; 29: 123–160. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 25. | Roache PJ. Verification of Codes and Calculations. AIAA Journal 1998; 36(5): 696–702. Google Scholar |
| 26. | Hoxey RP, Robertson AP, Basara B, Younis BA. Geometric parameters that affect wind loads on low rise buildings: full-scale and CFD experiments. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1993; 50: 243–252. Google Scholar |
