‘‘Undone science’’ refers to areas of research that are left unfunded, incomplete, or generally ignored but that social movements or civil society organizations often identify as worthy of more research. This study mobilizes four recent studies to further elaborate the concept of undone science as it relates to the political construction of research agendas. Using these cases, we develop the argument that undone science is part of a broader politics of knowledge, wherein multiple and competing groups struggle over the construction and implementation of alternative research agendas. Overall, the study demonstrates the analytic potential of the concept of undone science to deepen understanding of the systematic nonproduction of knowledge in the institutional matrix of state, industry, and social movements that is characteristic of recent calls for a ‘‘new political sociology of science.’’

Allen, B.L. 2003. Uneasy alchemy: Citizens and experts in Louisiana’s chemical corridor disputes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar
Amato, I. 1993. The crusade against chlorine. Science 261 (5118):152-4. Google Scholar
Anglin, M.K. 1997. Working from the inside out: Implications of breast cancer activism for bio-medical policies and practices. Social Science and Medicine 44 (9):1043-415. Google Scholar
Austoker, J. 1988. A history of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund 1902-1986 . New York: Oxford University Press . Google Scholar
Beck, U. 1995. Ecological politics in an age of risk. Trans. A. Weisz. Cambridge: Polity. Google Scholar
Botts, L., P. Muldoon, P. Botts, and K. von Moltke. 2001. The Great Lakes water quality agreement . In Knowledge, power, and participation in environmental policy analysis, ed. M. Hisschemöller, R. Hoppe, W. Dunn , and J. Ravetz, 121-43. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 2004. Science of science and reflexivity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Brown, P., S. McCormick, B. Mayer, S. Zavestoski, R. Morello-Frosch, R. Gasior Altman, and L. Senier. 2006. ‘‘A lab of our own’’: Environmental causation of breast cancer and challenges to the dominant epidemiological paradigm. Science, Technology and Human Values 31 (5):499-536. Google Scholar
Chlorine Chemistry Council (n.d.). Pandora’s poison: Putting political ideologies ahead of public health-and hope. http://www.pandoraspoison.org/industry_views/ccc_statement.html (accessed November 11, 2000). Google Scholar
Collins, H. 1985. Changing order: Replication and induction in scientific practice. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage . Google Scholar
Collins, H. 2002. The third wave of science studies: Studies of expertise and experience. Social Studies of Science 32 (2):235-96. Google Scholar Link
Di Chiro, G. 2008. Living environmentalisms: Coalition politics, social reproduction, and environmental justice. Environmental Politics 17 (2):276-98. Google Scholar
Epstein, S. 2007. Patient groups and health movements. In New handbook of science and technology studies, ed. E. J. Hackett, O. Amsterdamska, M. Lynch, and J. Wacjman , 499-539. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar
Forman, P. 1987. Behind quantum electronics: National security as basis for physical research in the United States, 1940-1960. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 18 (1):149-229. Google Scholar
Forsythe, D. 2001. Studying those who study us: An anthropologist in the world of artificial intelligence. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar
Fosket, J. 2004. Constructing ‘high risk women’: the development and standardization of a breast cancer risk assessment tool. Science, Technology & Human Values 29 (3):291-313. Google Scholar
Frickel, S. 2008. On missing New Orleans: Lost knowledge and knowledge gaps in an urban hazardscape. Environmental History 13 (4):634-50. Google Scholar
Frickel, S., and K. Moore , eds. 2006a. The new political sociology of science: Institutions, networks, and power. Madison, WI : University of Wisconsin Press. Google Scholar
Frickel, S., and K. Moore. 2006b. Prospects and challenges for a new political sociology of science. In The new political sociology of science: Institutions, networks, and power, ed. S. Frickel, and K. Moore, 3-31. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. Google Scholar
Frickel, S., and M.B. Vincent. 2007. Katrina, contamination, and the unintended organization of ignorance. Technology in Society 29:181-8. Google Scholar
Fujimura, J. 1996. Crafting science: Standardized packages, boundary objects, and ‘translation.’ In Science as practice and culture , ed. A. Pickering, 168-211. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Galison, P. 2004. Removing knowledge. Critical Inquiry 31 (autumn): 229-43. Google Scholar
Gibbon, S. 2007. Breast cancer genes and the gendering of knowledge: Science and citizenship in the cultural context of the ‘new’genetics.’ Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan . Google Scholar
Gibbon, S., and C. Novas , eds. 2007. Bio-socialities, genetics and the social sciences. London: Routledge . Google Scholar
Gross, M. 2007. The unknown in process: Dynamic connections of ignorance, non-knowledge, and related concepts. Current Sociology 55:742-59. Google Scholar
Gross, M. in press. Ignorance and surprise: Science, society, and ecological design . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Haraway, D.J. 1989. Primate visions: Gender, race, and nature in the world of modern science. New York: Routledge . Google Scholar
Harding, S. 1998. Is science multicultural? Postcolonialisms, feminisms, epistemologies. Blooomington, IN Indiana University Press . Google Scholar
Hess, D. 2007. Alternative pathways in science and industry: Activism, innovation, and the environment in an era of globalization. Cambridge: MIT Press. Google Scholar
Hilgartner, S. 2001. Election 2000 and the production of the unknowable. Social Studies of Science 31 (3):439-41. Google Scholar
Hoffmann-Riem, H., and B. Wynne. 2002. In risk assessment, one has to admit ignorance. Nature 416 (March):123. Google Scholar
Holton, G., and R. S. Morrison , eds. 1979. Limits of scientific inquiry. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Google Scholar
Howard, J. 2004. Toward intelligent, democratic steering of chemical technologies: Evaluating industrial chlorine chemistry as environmental trial and error . PhD Diss., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. Proquest no. 845710461. Google Scholar
International Joint Commission (IJC). 1992 . Sixth biennial report on Great Lakes water quality. Washington, DC: IJC. Google Scholar
Jasper, J.M., and D. Nelkin. 1992. The animal rights crusade: The growth of a moral protest. New York: Free Press. Google Scholar
Kaufert, P. 1998. Women, resistance and the breast cancer movement. In Pragmatic women and body politics, ed. M. Lock and P. Kaufert, 287-309. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
Kempner, J., C.L. Bosk, and J.F. Merz. 2008. Forbidden knowledge: The phenomenology of scientific inaction. Unpublished manuscript. Google Scholar
Kempner, J., C.S. Perlis, and J.F. Merz. 2005. Forbidden knowledge. Science 307:854. Google Scholar
Klawiter, M. 2004. Breast cancer in two regimes: the impact of social movements on illness experience. Sociology of Health and Illness 26 (6):845-74. Google Scholar Medline
Klein, H.K., and D.L. Kleinman. 2002. The social construction of technology: Structural considerations. Science, Technology, and Human Values 27 (1): 28-52. Google Scholar
Kleinman, D.L., and S.P. Vallas. 2001. Science, capitalism, and the rise of the ‘knowledge worker’: The changing structure of knowledge production in the United States. Theory and Society 30:451-92. Google Scholar
Knorr-Cetina, K. 1999. Epistemic cultures: How the sciences make knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
Kohler, R.E. 1994. Lords of the fly: Drosophila genetics and the experimental life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Lerner, B. 2003. The breast cancer wars. Hope, fear and pursuit of a cure in twentieth Century-America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Levidow, Les. 2002. Ignorance-based risk assessment? Scientific controversy over GM food safety. Science as Culture 11 (1):61-7. Google Scholar
Louisiana Bucket Brigade. 2001. Land sharks: Orion Refining’s predatory property purchases. New Orleans: Inkworks Press. Google Scholar
Löwy, I. 1997. Between bench and bedside: Science, healing and interleukin-2 in a cancer ward. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar
Lukes, S. 2005. Power: A radical view. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar
MacKenzie, D., and G. Spinardi. 1995. Tacit knowledge, weapons design, and the uninvention of nuclear weapons. American Journal of Sociology 101:44-99. Google Scholar
Markowitz, G., and D. Rosner. 2002. Deceit and denial: The deadly politics of industrial pollution. Berkeley: University of California Press. Google Scholar
Martin, B. 2007. Justice ignited: The dynamics of backfire. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar
Marx, K. 1967. Capital, Volume 1. New York: International Publishers. Google Scholar
Mayer, B., and C. Overdevest. 2007. Bucket brigades and community-based environmental monitoring. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Social Studies of Science, Montreal.
Merton, R. 1987. Three fragments from a sociologist’s notebook: Establishing the phenomenon, specified ignorance, and strategic research materials. Annual Review of Sociology 13:1-28. Google Scholar
Murphy, M. 2006. Sick building syndrome and the problem of uncertainty: Environmental politics, technoscience, and women workers. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press. Google Scholar CrossRef
Noble, D. 1977. America by design: Science, technology, and corporate capitalism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Google Scholar
O’Rourke, D., and G.P. Macey. 2003. Community environmental policing: Assessing new strategies of public participation in environmental regulation. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 22 (3):383-414. Google Scholar
Ottinger, G. 2005. Grounds for action: Community and science in environmental controversy. PhD Diss., University of California, Berkeley. Google Scholar
Potts, L. 2004. An epidemiology of women’s lives: The environmental risk of breast cancer. Critical Public Health 14 (2):133-47. Google Scholar
Proctor, R.N. 1995. Cancer wars: How politics shapes what we know and don’t know about cancer. New York: Basic Books. Google Scholar
Proctor, R. N., and L. Schiebinger , eds. 2008. Agnotology: The making and unmaking of ignorance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar
Rittel, H., and M. Webber. 1973. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning . Policy Sciences 4:155-69. Google Scholar
Shattuck, R. 1996. Forbidden knowledge. New York: Harcourt Brace and Company. Google Scholar
Sheridan, J. 1994. Chlorine chemistry: An endangered species? Industry Week , January 3, 49-50. Google Scholar
Shostak, S. 2003. Locating gene-environment interaction: At the intersections of genetics and public health. Social Science and Medicine 56:2327-42. Google Scholar
Slaughter, S., and G. Rhoades. 2004. Academic capitalism and the new economy: Markets, states, and higher education. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Google Scholar
Sontag, S. 1988. Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and its Metaphors. New York: Doubleday. Google Scholar
Star, S.L., and J.R. Griesemer. 1989. Institutional ecology, ‘translations’ and Boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39. Social Studies of Science 19:387-420. Google Scholar
Strauss, A., and J. Corbin. 1990. Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Google Scholar
Stringer, R., and P. Johnston. 2001. Chlorine and the environment: An overview of the chlorine industry. Boston: Kluwer Academic. Google Scholar
Swerczek, M. 2000. Orion promises air samples. The Times Picayune, New Orleans . September 29, B1-2. Google Scholar
Tesh, S.N. 2000. Uncertain hazards: Environmental activists and scientific proof. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Google Scholar
Thompson, E.P. 1971. The moral economy of the English crown in the eighteenth century. Past and Present 50:76-136. Google Scholar
Thornton, J. 1991. The product is the poison: The case for a chlorine phase-out . Washington: Greenpeace USA. Google Scholar
Thornton, J. 2000. Pandora’s poison: Organochlorines and health. Cambridge: MIT. Google Scholar
Tickner, J. A., ed. 2003. Precaution, environmental science, and preventive public policy. Washington, DC: Island. Google Scholar
Woodhouse, E.J., D. Hess, S. Breyman, and B. Martin. 2002. Science studies and activism: Possibilities and problems for reconstructivist agendas. Social Studies of Science 32 (2):297-319. Google Scholar
Zavestoski, S., P. Brown, M. Linder, S. McCormick, and B. Mayer. 2002. Science, policy, activism, and war: Defining the health of Gulf War veterans. Science, Technology, & Human Values 27 (2):171-205. Google Scholar
Zavestoski, S., R. Morello-Frosch, P. Brown, B. Mayer, S. McCormick, and R. Gasior 2004. Embodied health movements and challenges to the dominant epidemiological paradigm. Research in Social Movements, Conflict and Change 25:253-278. Google Scholar
Zuckerman, H. 1978. Theory choice and problem choice in science. Sociological Inquiry 48 (3-4):65-95. Google Scholar

Author Biographies

Mike Tapia is a criminologist at NMSU specializing in gangs, race, and juvenile delinquency. His latest works examine the changing structure of Chicano gangs in historical perspective.

Rubén O. Martinez is professor of sociology and director of the Julian Samora Research Institute at Michigan State University. His research interests include the workplace experiences of faculty of color.

Author Biographies

Julie Guthman is a geographer and professor of social sciences at the University of California at Santa Cruz where she teaches courses in global political economy and the politics of food and agriculture. Her publications include two multi-award winning books: Agrarian Dreams: the Paradox of Organic Farming in California and Weighing In: Obesity, Food Justice, and the Limits of Capitalism.

Sandy Brown is a geographer and a research affiliate at the University of California at Santa Cruz. She has published several articles on the politics of fair trade and farm labor issues in both California and Latin America.

Author Biography

Alissa Cordner is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Whitman College. Her research focuses on environmental sociology, the sociology of risk and disasters, environmental health and justice, and public engagement in science and policy making. Her under-contract book manuscript examines the intersection of science, regulation, activism, and industry decision making related to environmental health risks and consumer exposure to chemicals.

Author Biographies

Céline Granjou is a director of research in sociology at the French national Institute for research in environment and agriculture in Grenoble. Her current research interests include science/policy interfaces, biodiversity, and wildlife governance, ecotrons (experimental infrastructures in ecology) and the production of scenarios of environmental changes.

Isabelle Arpin is a tenured sociologist at the Grenoble Centre of Irstea (French National Science and technology Institute for Agriculture and Environment). She studies the ways of investigating and managing nature at the biodiversity era. She is currently particularly interested in the interface between natural scientists and nature managers.

Author Biography

Jennifer L. Croissant is an Associate Professor in the Department of Gender & Women's Studies at the University of Arizona. Recent works include studies of agnotology (ignorance, especially in relation to absence), and new work on the emergence of organizational structures and practices for managing post-docs.

Author Biography

Karen Hoffman is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, at the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras. Her work is focused on the making and failure to make environmental regulations, and social and cultural reproduction in the community of practice of pollution control. Her current research is on the implementation of the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006.

Author Biographies

Daniel Lee Kleinman is professor and chair of the Department of Community and Environmental Sociology and a faculty affiliate of the Holtz Center for Science and Technology Studies at the University of Wisconsin—Madison (USA). Kleinman is also an international scholar at Kyung Hee University in Korea. In addition to the project from which this paper comes, Kleinman is currently involved in studies of the commercialization of higher education and of the nature of interdisciplinarity in the 21st century.

Sainath Suryanarayanan (suryanas@entomology.wisc.edu) is a postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Community and Environmental Sociology at the University of Wisconsin—Madison (USA). Suryanarayanan obtained his Ph.D. in Zoology studying social wasps. The kinds of experiments that Suryanarayanan's doctoral research entailed, led him to question how various biosciences institute particular relationships with experimented upon lives, and have spurred his current research in the social studies of science.

Author Biography

Gwen Ottinger is Assistant Professor in the School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences at the University of Washington-Bothell. She is co-editor of Technoscience and Environmental Justice: Expert Cultures in a Grassroots Movement (MIT Press, 2011), and author of Refining Expertise: How Responsible Engineers Subvert Environmental Justice Challenges (NYU Press, 2013).

Vol 35, Issue 4, 2010

Recommended Citation


Undone Science: Charting Social Movement and Civil Society Challenges to Research Agenda Setting

Scott FrickelDepartment of Sociology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, frickel@wsu.eduSahra GibbonAnthropology Department, University College London, LondonJeff HowardUniversity of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TexasJoanna KempnerRutgers University, Princeton, New JerseyGwen OttingerChemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaDavid J. HessRensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York


Science, Technology, & Human Values

Vol 35, Issue 4, pp. 444 - 473

First published date: October-27-2009


If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download.

For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu.

Format

Download article citation data for:
Scott FrickelSahra GibbonJeff HowardJoanna KempnerGwen OttingerDavid J. Hess
Science, Technology, & Human Values 2010 35:4, 444-473

Request Permissions

View permissions information for this article

Share

Email