Abstract
The effectiveness of psychotherapy carried out by a group of 27 international certified transactional analysts as a function of therapy length is compared to the effectiveness of groups of psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, marriage and family counselors, and physicians as measured in a research study carried out by the staff of Consumer Reports, with Martin Seligman as their consultant (“Mental Health,” 1995; Seligman, 1995). Comparison is also made to the results from a group of psychoanalytic psychotherapists (Freedman, Hoffenberg, Vorus, & Frosch, 1999). The results compiled from the responses of 932 clients from four language groups confirm that therapy lasting more than six months is considerably (40%) more effective than that lasting for less than six months. The data also determines that the effectiveness of certified transactional analysts is significantly higher (p << 0.001) than the effectiveness of any of the groups from the Consumer Reports study.
| Annual questionnaire . (1994). Consumer Reports. Google Scholar | |
| Brock, T. C., Green, M. C., Reich, D. A. (1998). New evidence of flaws in the consumer reports study of psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 53(1), 62–63. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Brock, T. C., Green, M. C., Reich, D. A., Evans, L. M. (1996). The consumer reports study of psychotherapy: Invalid is invalid. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1083. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Christensen, A., Jacobson, N. (1993). Who (or what) can do psychotherapy: The status and challenge of nonprofessional therapies. Psychological Science, 5, 8–14. Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ISI | |
| Clarke, G. N. (1995). Improving the transition from basic efficacy research to effectiveness studies: Methodological issues and procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(5), 718–725. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Erskine, R. G., Moursund, J. P. (1988). Integrative psychotherapy in action. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
| Freedman, N., Hoffenberg, J. D., Vorus, N., Frosch, A. (1999). The role of treatment duration, frequency of sessions, and the therapeutic relationship. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 47(3), 741–772. Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ISI | |
| Goulding, M. M., Goulding, R. L. (1979). Changing lives through redecision therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel. Google Scholar | |
| Hollon, S. D. (1996). The efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy relative to medications. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1023–1030. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Howard, K. L., Kopta, S. M., Krause, M. S., Orlinsky, D. E. (1986). The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 41(2), 159–164. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Howard, K. L., Moras, K., Brill, P. L., Martinovitch, Z., Lutz, W. (1996). Evaluation of psychotherapy: Efficacy, effectiveness and patient progress. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1059–1064. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Hunt, E. (1996). Errors in Seligman's “The effectiveness of psychotherapy. The consumer reports study” American Psychologist, 51(10), 1082. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Jacobson, N., Christensen, A. (1996). Studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy: How well can clinical trials do the job? American Psychologist, 51(10), 1031–1037. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| James, M. (1981). Breaking free: Self-reparenting for a new self. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Google Scholar | |
| Kazdin, A. E. (1986). Comparative outcome studies of psychotherapy: Methodological issues and strategies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(1), 95–105. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Kotkin, M., Daviet, C. (1999). Mistaken inferences. American Psychologist, 54 (12), 1130. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Kotkin, M., Daviet, C., Gurin, J. (1996). The consumer reports mental health survey. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1080–1082. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Kriegman, D. (1996). The effectiveness of medications: The consumer reports study. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1086. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Mental health: Does therapy help? (1995). Consumer Reports, 60(11), 734–739. Google Scholar | |
| Mintz, J., Drake, R. E., Crits-Christoph, P. (1996). Efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy: Two paradigms, one science. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1084–1085. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Nathan, P. E. (1998). Not yet ideal. American Psychologist, 53(3), 290–299. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Nathan, P. E. (1999). Too many assumptions. American Psychologist, 54(12), 1130–1131. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Nathan, P. E., Stuart, S. P., Dolan, S. I. (2000). Research on psychotherapy efficacy and effectiveness: Between Scylla and Charybdis? Psychological Bulletin, 126(6) 964–981. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Novey, T. (1999). The effectiveness of transactional analysis. Transactional Analysis Journal, 29, 18–30. Google Scholar, SAGE Journals | |
| Rosenzweig, S. (1936). Some implicit common factors in diverse methods in psychotherapy. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 6, 412–415. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Seligman, M. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 50(12), 965–974. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Seligman, M. (1996a). A creditable beginning. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1086–1088. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI | |
| Seligman, M. (1996b). Science as an ally of practice. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1072–1079. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Stewart, I. (1996). Developing transactional analysis counseling. London: Sage Publications. Google Scholar | |
| Stewart, I., Joines, V. (1987). TA today: A new introduction to transactional analysis. Nottingham, England, and Chapel Hill, NC: Lifespace Publishing. Google Scholar | |
| Strupp, H. H. (1996). The tripartite model and the consumer reports study. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1017–1024. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Training and Certification Council of Transactional Analysts . (1997). The transactional analysis certification council manual (rev.). San Francisco: Author. Google Scholar | |
| Vandenbos, G. R. (1996). Outcome assessment of psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 51(10), 1005–1006. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Wampold, B. E., Mondin, G. W., Moody, M., Stich, F., Benson, K., Ahn, H. N. (1997). A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies. Empirically, “All must have prizes.” Psychotherapy Bulletin, 122, 203–215. Google Scholar, Crossref, ISI |

