![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the structural and functional properties of the angular gyrus (AG). Located in the posterior part of the inferior parietal lobule, the AG has been shown in numerous meta-analysis reviews to be consistently activated in a variety of tasks. This review discusses the involvement of the AG in semantic processing, word reading and comprehension, number processing, default mode network, memory retrieval, attention and spatial cognition, reasoning, and social cognition. This large functional neuroimaging literature depicts a major role for the AG in processing concepts rather than percepts when interfacing perception-to-recognition-to-action. More specifically, the AG emerges as a cross-modal hub where converging multisensory information is combined and integrated to comprehend and give sense to events, manipulate mental representations, solve familiar problems, and reorient attention to relevant information. In addition, this review discusses recent findings that point to the existence of multiple subdivisions in the AG. This spatial parcellation can serve as a framework for reporting AG activations with greater definition. This review also acknowledges that the role of the AG cannot comprehensibly be identified in isolation but needs to be understood in parallel with the influence from other regions. Several interesting questions that warrant further investigations are finally emphasized.
References
Section:
| Andersen, RA, Asanuma, C, Essick, G, Siegel, RM. 1990. Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule. J Comp Neurol 296(1):65–113. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Andrews-Hanna, JR, Reidler, JS, Sepulcre, J, Poulin, R, Buckner, RL. 2010. Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain’s default network. Neuron 65(4):550–62. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Ardila, A, Concha, M, Rosselli, M. 2000. Angular gyrus syndrome revisited: acalculia, finger agnosia, right-left disorientation and semantic aphasia. Aphasiology 14(7):743–54. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Arsalidou, M, Taylor, MJ. 2011. Is 2+2=4? Meta-analyses of brain areas needed for numbers and calculations. Neuroimage 54(3):2382–93. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Bahnemann, M, Dziobek, I, Prehn, K, Wolf, I, Heekeren, HR. 2010. Sociotopy in the temporoparietal cortex: common versus distinct processes. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 5(1):48–58. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Barnes, KA, Nelson, SM, Cohen, AL, Power, JD, Coalson, RS, Miezin, FM, and others. 2011. Parcellation in left lateral parietal cortex is similar in adults and children. Cereb Cortex. Aug 1. [Epub ahead of print] Google Scholar | |
| Bernstein, LE, Auer, ETJ, Wagner, M, Ponton, CW. 2008. Spatiotemporal dynamics of audiovisual speech processing. Neuroimage 39(1):423–35. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Binder, JR, Desai, RH. 2011. The neurobiology of semantic memory. Trends Cogn Sci 15(11):527–36. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Binder, JR, Desai, RH, Graves, WW, Conant, LL. 2009. Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies. Cereb Cortex 19(12): 2767–96. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Binder, JR, Frost, JA, Hammeke, TA, Bellgowan, PS, Rao, SM, Cox, RW. 1999. Conceptual processing during the conscious resting state: a functional MRI study. J Cogn Neurosci 11(1):80–95. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Binder, JR, Medler, DA, Desai, R, Conant, LL, Liebenthal, E. 2005. Some neurophysiological constraints on models of word naming. Neuroimage 27(3):677–93. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Blanke, O, Ortigue, S, Landis, T, Seeck, M. 2002. Stimulating illusory own-body perceptions. Nature 419(6904):269–70. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Brownsett, SLE, Wise, RJS. 2010. The contribution of the parietal lobes to speaking and writing. Cereb Cortex 20: 517–23. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Buckner, RL, Andrews-Hanna, JR, Schacter, DL. 2008. The brain’s default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1124:1–38. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Cabeza, R . 2008. Role of parietal regions in episodic memory retrieval: the dual attentional processes hypothesis. Neuropsychologia 46(7):1813–27. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Cabeza, R, Ciaramelli, E, Olson, IR, Moscovitch, M. 2008. The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an attentional account. Nat Rev Neurosci 9(8):613–25. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Calarge, C, Andreasen, NC, O’Leary, DS. 2003. Visualizing how one brain understands another: a PET study of theory of mind. Am J Psychiatry 160(11):1954–64. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Cappelletti, M, Barth, H, Fregni, F, Spelke, ES, Pascual-Leone, A. 2007. rTMS over the intraparietal sulcus disrupts numerosity processing. Exp Brain Res 179(4):631–42. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Cappelletti, M, Lee, HL, Freeman, ED, Price, CJ. 2010. The role of right and left parietal lobes in the conceptual processing of numbers. J Cogn Neurosci 22(2):331–46. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Carreiras, M, Seghier, ML, Baquero, S, Estevez, A, Lozano, A, Devlin, JT, and others. 2009. An anatomical signature for literacy. Nature 461(7266):983–6. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Caspers, S, Eichkhoff, SB, Geyer, S, Scheperjans, F, Mohlberg, H, Zilles, K, and others. 2008. The human inferior parietal lobule in stereotaxic space. Brain Struct Funct 212(6): 481–95. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Caspers, S, Geyer, S, Schleicher, A, Mohlberg, H, Amunts, K, Zilles, K. 2006. The human inferior parietal cortex: cytoarchitectonic parcellation and interindividual variability. Neuroimage 33(2):430–48. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Catani, M, Jones, DK, ffytche, DH. 2005. Perisylvian language networks of the human brain. Ann Neurol 57(1):8–16. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Catani, M, Thiebaut, de, Schotten, M. 2008. A diffusion tensor imaging tractography atlas for virtual in vivo dissections. Cortex 44(8):1105–32. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Cavada, C, Goldman-Rakic, PS. 1989. Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe. J Comp Neurol 287(4):422–45. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Ciaramelli, E, Grady, CL, Moscovitch, M. 2008. Top-down and bottom-up attention to memory: a hypothesis (AtoM) on the role of the posterior parietal cortex in memory retrieval. Neuropsychologia 46(7):1828–51. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Corbett, F, Jefferies, E, Ehsan, S, Lambon Ralph, MA. 2009. Different impairments of semantic cognition in semantic dementia and semantic aphasia: evidence from the non-verbal domain. Brain 132:2593–608. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Corbetta, M, Shulman, GL. 1998. Human cortical mechanisms of visual attention during orienting and search. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 353:1353–62. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Culham, JC, Kanwisher, NG. 2001. Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11(2):157–63. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Damasio, AR . 1989. Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: a systems-level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition. Cognition 33(1–2):25–62. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Decety, J, Lamm, C. 2007. The role of the right temporoparietal junction in social interaction: how low-level computational processes contribute to meta-cognition. Neuroscientist 13(6):580–93. Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ISI | |
| Dehaene, S, Dehaene-Lambertz, G, Cohen, L. 1998. Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain. Trends Neurosci 21(8):355–61. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Dehaene, S, Piazza, M, Pinel, P, Cohen, L. 2003. Three parietal circuits for number processing. Cogn Neuropsychol 20(3):487–506. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Dehaene-Lambertz, G, Dehaene, S, Hertz-Pannier, L. 2002. Functional neuroimaging of speech perception in infants. Science 298:2013–5. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Dejerine, J . 1891. Sur un cas de cecite verbale avec agraphie, suivi d’autopsie. C.R. Societe de Biologie 43:197–201. Google Scholar | |
| Demonet, JF, Chollet, F, Ramsay, S, Cardebat, D, Nespoulous, JL, Wise, R, and others. 1992. The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain 115(1, Pt 6): 1753–68. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Draganski, B, Gaser, C, Busch, V, Schuierer, G, Bogdahn, U, May, A. 2004. Neuroplasticity: changes in grey matter induced by training. Nature 427(6972):311–2. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Draganski, B, May, A. 2008. Training-induced structural changes in the adult human brain. Behav Brain Res 192(1): 137–42. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Dubois, J, Benders, M, Cachia, A, Lazeyras, F, Ha-Vinh Leuchter, R, Sizonenko, SV, and others. 2008. Mapping the early cortical folding process in the preterm newborn brain. Cereb Cortex 18(6):1444–54. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Eidelberg, D, Galaburda, AM. 1984. Inferior parietal lobule: divergent architectonic asymmetries in the human brain. Arch Neurol 41(8):843–52. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Fan, J, Flombaum, JI, McCandliss, BD, Thomas, KM, Posner, MI. 2003. Cognitive and brain consequences of conflict. Neuroimage 18(1):42–57. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Farrer, C, Frey, SH, Van Horn, JD, Tunik, E, Turk, D, Inati, S, and others. 2008. The angular gyrus computes action awareness representations. Cereb Cortex 18(2):254–61. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Farrer, C, Frith, CD. 2002. Experiencing oneself vs another person as being the cause of an action: the neural correlates of the experience of agency. Neuroimage 15(3):596–603. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Fiez, JA, Petersen, SE. 1998. Neuroimaging studies of word reading. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:914–21. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Frey, S, Campbell, JS, Pike, GB, Petrides, M. 2008. Dissociating the human language pathways with high angular resolution diffusion fiber tractography. J Neurosci 28(45):11435–44. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Friston, KJ . 2010. The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory? Nat Rev Neurosci 11(2):127–38. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Gallagher, HL, Happé, F, Brunswick, N, Fletcher, PC, Frith, U, Frith, CD. 2000. Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: an fMRI study of ‘theory of mind’ in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Neuropsychologia 38(1):11–21. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Geschwind, N . 1965. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man: I. Brain 88(2):237–94. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Glasser, MF, Van Essen, DC. 2011. Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content as revealed by t1- and t2-weighted MRI. J Neurosci 31(32):11597–616. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Gobel, S, Walsh, V, Rushworth, MF. 2001. The mental number line and the human angular gyrus. Neuroimage 14(6):1278–89. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Gogtay, N, Giedd, JN, Lusk, L, Hayashi, KM, Greenstein, D, Vaituzis, AC, and others. 2004. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(21):8174–9. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Gottlieb, J . 2007. From thought to action: the parietal cortex as a bridge between perception, action, and cognition. Neuron 53(1):9–16. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Grabner, RH, Ansari, D, Koschutnig, K, Reishofer, G, Ebner, F, Neuper, C. 2009. To retrieve or to calculate? Left angular gyrus mediates the retrieval of arithmetic facts during problem solving. Neuropsychologia 47(2):604–8. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Graves, WW, Desai, R, Humphries, C, Seidenberg, MS, Binder, JR. 2010. Neural systems for reading aloud: a multiparametric approach. Cereb Cortex 20(8):1799–815. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Grefkes, C, Fink, GR. 2005. The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and monkeys. J Anat 207(1):3–17. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Greicius, MD, Krasnow, B, Reiss, AL, Menon, V. 2003. Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:253–8. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Hagmann, P, Cammoun, L, Gigandet, X, Meuli, R, Honey, CJ, Wedeen, VJ, and others. 2008. Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex. PLoS Biol 6(7):e159. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Hirnstein, M, Bayer, U, Ellison, A, Hausmann, M. 2011. TMS over the left angular gyrus impairs the ability to discriminate left from right. Neuropsychologia 49(1):29–33. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Houde, O, Rossi, S, Lubin, A, Joliot, M. 2010. Mapping numerical processing, reading, and executive functions in the developing brain: an fMRI meta-analysis of 52 studies including 842 children. Dev Sci 13(6):876–85. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Hutchinson, JB, Uncapher, MR, Wagner, AD. 2009. Posterior parietal cortex and episodic retrieval: convergent and divergent effects of attention and memory. Learn Mem 16(6):343–56. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Hyvarinen, J . 1982. Posterior parietal lobe of the primate brain. Physiol Rev 62(3):1060–129. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Ischebeck, A, Zamarian, L, Schocke, M, Delazer, M. 2009. Flexible transfer of knowledge in mental arithmetic—an fMRI study. Neuroimage 44(3):1103–12. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Joassin, F, Pesenti, M, Maurage, P, Verreckt, E, Bruyer, R, Campanella, S. 2011. Cross-modal interactions between human faces and voices involved in person recognition. Cortex 47(3):367–76. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Jones, DK . 2010. Challenges and limitations of quantifying brain connectivity in vivo with diffusion MRI. Imaging Med 2(3):341–55. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Jones, DK, Cercignani, M. 2010. Twenty-five pitfalls in the analysis of diffusion MRI data. NMR Biomed 23(7):803–20. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Jonides, J, Schumacher, EH, Smith, EE, Koeppe, RA, Awh, E, Reuter-Lorenz, PA, and others. 1998. The role of parietal cortex in verbal working memory. J Neurosci 18(13):5026–34. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Joseph, R . 1982. The neuropsychology of development hemispheric laterality, limbic language, and the origin of thought. J Clin Psychol 38(1):4–33. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Jung, RE, Segall, JM, Jeremy Bockholt, H, Flores, RA, Smith, SM, Chavez, RS, and others. 2010. Neuroanatomy of creativity. Hum Brain Mapp 31(3):398–409. Google Scholar, Medline | |
| Jung-Beeman, M . 2005. Bilateral brain processes for comprehending natural language. Trends Cogn Sci 9(11):512–8. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Kalpouzos, G, Eriksson, J, Sjölie, D, Molin, J, Nyberg, L. 2010. Neurocognitive systems related to real-world prospective memory. PLoS One 5(10):e13304. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Kelly, C, Uddin, LQ, Shehzad, Z, Margulies, DS, Castellanos, FX, Milham, MP, and others. 2010. Broca’s region: linking human brain functional connectivity data and non-human primate tracing anatomy studies. Eur J Neurol 32(3):383–98. Google Scholar | |
| Kim, H . 2010. Dissociating the roles of the default-mode, dorsal, and ventral networks in episodic memory retrieval. Neuroimage 50(4):1648–57. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Konen, CS, Kastner, S. 2008. Representation of eye movements and stimulus motion in topographically organized areas of human posterior parietal cortex. J Neurosci 28(33):8361–75. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Kovalev, VA, Kruggel, F, von Cramon, DY. 2003. Gender and age effects in structural brain asymmetry as measured by MRI texture analysis. Neuroimage 19(3):895–905. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Laird, AR, Eickhoff, SB, Li, K, Robin, DA, Glahn, DC, Fox, PT. 2009. Investigating the functional heterogeneity of the default mode network using coordinate-based meta-analytic modeling. J Neurosci 29(46):14496–505. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Lee, H, Devlin, JT, Shakeshaft, C, Stewart, LH, Brennan, A, Glensman, J, and others. 2007. Anatomical traces of vocabulary acquisition in the adolescent brain. J Neurosci 27(5):1184–9. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Lindell, AK . 2006. In your right mind: right hemisphere contributions to language processing and production. Neuropsychol Rev 16:131–48. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Makris, N, Kennedy, DN, McInerney, S, Sorensen, AG, Wang, R, Caviness, VSJ, and others. 2005. Segmentation of subcomponents within the superior longitudinal fascicle in humans: a quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Cereb Cortex 15(6): 854–69. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Makris, N, Papadimitriou, GM, Kaiser, JR, Sorg, S, Kennedy, DN, Pandya, DN. 2009. Delineation of the middle longitudinal fascicle in humans: a quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Cereb Cortex 19(4):777–85. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Makris, N, Papadimitriou, GM, Sorg, S, Kennedy, DN, Caviness, VS, Pandya, DN. 2007. The occipitofrontal fascicle in humans: a quantitative, in vivo, DT-MRI study. Neuroimage 37(4): 1100–11. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Mar, RA . 2011. The neural bases of social cognition and story comprehension. Annu Rev Neurosci 62:103–34. Google Scholar | |
| Mars, RB, Jbabdi, S, Sallet, J, O’Reilly, JX, Croxson, PL, Olivier, E, and others. 2011. Diffusion-weighted imaging tractography-based parcellation of the human parietal cortex and comparison with human and macaque resting-state functional connectivity. J Neurosci 31(11):4087–100. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Mason, RA, Just, MA. 2011. Differentiable cortical networks for inferences concerning people’s intentions versus physical causality. Hum Brain Mapp 32(2):313–29. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Mazoyer, B, Zago, L, Mellet, E, Bricogne, S, Etard, O, Houde, O, and others. 2001. Cortical networks for working memory and executive functions sustain the conscious resting state in man. Brain Res Bull 54(3):287–98. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| McCulloch, WS . 1944. The functional organization of the cerebral cortex. Physiol Rev 24:390–407. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Mechelli, A, Crinion, JT, Noppeney, U, O’Doherty, J, Ashburner, J, Frackowiak, RS, and others. 2004. Neurolinguistics: structural plasticity in the bilingual brain. Nature 431(7010):757. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Mesulam, MM . 1998. From sensation to cognition. Brain 121:1013–52. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Miller, MB, Donovan, CL, Bennett, CM, Aminoff, EM, Mayer, RE. 2012. Individual differences in cognitive style and strategy predict similarities in the patterns of brain activity between individuals. Neuroimage 59(1):83–93. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Naidich, TP, Valvanis, AG, Kubik, S. 1995. Anatomic relationships along the low-middle convexity: Part I—normal specimens and magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery 36(3):517–32. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Nee, DE, Wager, TD, Jonides, J. 2007. Interference resolution: insights from a meta-analysis of neuroimaging tasks. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 7(1):1–17. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Nelson, SM, Cohen, AL, Power, JD, Wig, GS, Miezin, FM, Wheeler, ME, and others. 2010. A parcellation scheme for human left lateral parietal cortex. Neuron 67(1):156–70. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Nickel, J, Seitz, RJ. 2005. Functional clusters in the human parietal cortex as revealed by an observer-independent meta-analysis of functional activation studies. Anat Embryol (Berl) 210(5–6):463–72. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Nieuwland, MS, Petersson, KM, Van Berkum, JJ. 2007. On sense and reference: examining the functional neuroanatomy of referential processing. Neuroimage 37(3):993–1004. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Obleser, J, Kotz, SA. 2010. Expectancy constraints in degraded speech modulate the language comprehension network. Cereb Cortex 20(3):633–40. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Obleser, J, Wise, RJS, Alex Dresner, M, Scott, SK. 2007. Functional integration across brain regions improves speech perception under adverse listening conditions. J Neurosci 27(9):2283–9. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| O’Connor, AR, Han, S, Dobbins, IG. 2010. The inferior parietal lobule and recognition memory: expectancy violation or successful retrieval? J Neurosci 30(8):2924–34. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Oishi, K, Zilles, K, Amunts, K, Faria, A, Jiang, H, Li, X, and others. 2008. Human brain white matter atlas: identification and assignment of common anatomical structures in superficial white matter. Neuroimage 43(3):447–57. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Orban, GA, Claeys, K, Nelissen, K, Smans, R, Sunaert, S, Todd, JT, and others. 2006. Mapping the parietal cortex of human and non-human primates. Neuropsychologia 44(13):2647–67. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Orban, GA, Van Essen, D, Vanduffel, W. 2004. Comparative mapping of higher visual areas in monkeys and humans. Trends Cogn Sci 8(7):315–24. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| O’Reilly, JX, Beckmann, CF, Tomassini, V, Ramnani, N, Johansen-Berg, H. 2010. Distinct and overlapping functional zones in the cerebellum defined by resting state functional connectivity. Cereb Cortex 20(4):953–65. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Pandya, DN, Seltzer, B. 1982. Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 204(2):196–210. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Park, HJ, Kim, JJ, Lee, SK, Seok, JH, Chun, J, Kim, DI, and others. 2008. Corpus callosal connection mapping using cortical gray matter parcellation and DT-MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 29(5):503–16. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Patterson, K, Nestor, PJ, Rogers, TT. 2007. Where do you know what you know? The representation of semantic knowledge in the human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 8(12):976–87. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Petrides, M, Pandya, DN. 2009. Distinct parietal and temporal pathways to the homologues of Broca’s area in the monkey. PLoS Biol 7(8):e1000170. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Price, CJ . 2000. The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging. J Anat 197(Pt 3):335–59. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Price, CJ . 2010. The anatomy of language: a review of 100 fMRI studies published in 2009. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1191(1): 62–88. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Price, CJ, Mechelli, A. 2005. Reading and reading disturbance. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15(2):231–8. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Price, GR, Ansari, D. 2011. Symbol processing in the left angular gyrus: evidence from passive perception of digits. Neuroimage 57(3):1205–11. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Purcell, J, Turkeltaub, PE, Eden, GF, Rapp, B. 2011. Examining the central and peripheral processes of written word production through meta-analysis. Front Psychology 2:239. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Rademacher, J, Galaburda, AM, Kennedy, DN, Filipek, PA, Caviness, VSJ. 1992. Human cerebral cortex: localization, parcellation, and morphometry with magnetic resonance imaging. J Cogn Neurosci 4(4):352–74. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Raichle, ME, MacLeod, AM, Snyder, AZ, Powers, WJ, Gusnard, DA, Shulman, GL. 2001. A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(2):676–82. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Ribas, GC . 2010. The cerebral sulci and gyri. Neurosurg Focus 28(2):E2. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Rilling, JK, Glasser, MF, Preuss, TM, Ma, X, Zhao, T, Hu, X, and others. 2008. The evolution of the arcuate fasciculus revealed with comparative DTI. Nat Neurosci 11(4):426–8. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Roland, PE, Friberg, L. 1985. Localization of cortical areas activated by thinking. J Neurophysiol 52(5):1219–43. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Rosa, MG, Tweedale, R. 2005. Brain maps, great and small: lessons from comparative studies of primate visual cortical organization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360(1456):665–91. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Rosenthal, CR, Roche-Kelly, EE, Husain, M, Kennard, C. 2009. Response-dependent contributions of human primary motor cortex and angular gyrus to manual and perceptual sequence learning. J Neurosci 29(48):15115–25. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Rushworth, MF, Behrens, TE, Johansen-Berg, H. 2006. Connection patterns distinguish 3 regions of human parietal cortex. Cereb Cortex 16(10):1418–30. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Sack, AT . 2009. Parietal cortex and spatial cognition. Behav Brain Res 202(2):153–61. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Schmahmann, JD . 2010. The role of the cerebellum in cognition and emotion: personal reflections since 1982 on the dysmetria of thought hypothesis, and its historical evolution from theory to therapy. Neuropsychol Rev 20(3):236–60. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Seghier, ML, Fagan, E, Price, CJ. 2010. Functional subdivisions in the left angular gyrus where the semantic system meets and diverges from the default network. J Neurosci 30(50):16809–17. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Seghier, ML, Price, CJ. 2009. Dissociating functional brain networks by decoding the between-subject variability. Neuroimage 45(2):349–59. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Sestieri, C, Corbetta, M, Romani, GL, Shulman, GL. 2011. Episodic memory retrieval, parietal cortex, and the default mode network: functional and topographic analyses. J Neurosci 31(12):4407–20. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Shalom, DB, Poeppel, D. 2008. Functional anatomic models of language: assembling the pieces. Neuroscientist 14(1):119–27. Google Scholar, SAGE Journals | |
| Sharp, DJ, Awad, M, Warren, JE, Wise, RJS, Vigliocco, G, Scott, SK. 2010. The neural response to changing semantic and perceptual complexity during language processing. Hum Brain Mapp 31(3):365–77. Google Scholar, Medline | |
| Shehzad, Z, Kelly, AM, Reiss, PT, Gee, DG, Gotimer, K, Uddin, LQ, and others. 2009. The resting brain: unconstrained yet reliable. Cereb Cortex 19(10):2209–29. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Shulman, GL, Fiez, JA, Corbetta, M, Buckner, RL, Miezin, FM, Raichle, ME, and others. 1997. Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: II. Decreases in cerebral cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 9:648–63. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Sherwood, CC, Subiaul, F, Zawidzki, TW. 2008. A natural history of the human mind: tracing evolutionary changes in brain and cognition. J Anat 212(4):426–54. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Singh-Curry, V, Husain, M. 2009. The functional role of the inferior parietal lobe in the dorsal and ventral stream dichotomy. Neuropsychologia 47(6):1434–48. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Smith, SM, Fox, PT, Miller, KL, Glahn, DC, Fox, PM, Mackay, CE, and others. 2009. Correspondence of the brain’s functional architecture during activation and rest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(31):13040–5. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Spaniol, J, Davidson, PS, Kim, AS, Han, H, Moscovitch, M, Grady, CL. 2009. Event-related fMRI studies of episodic encoding and retrieval: meta-analyses using activation likelihood estimation. Neuropsychologia 47(8–9):1765–79. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Sperduti, M, Delaveau, P, Fossati, P, Nadel, J. 2011. Different brain structures related to self-and external-agency attribution: a brief review and meta-analysis. Brain Struct Funct 216(2):151–7. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Spreng, RN, Mar, RA, Kim, AS. 2009. The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: a quantitative meta-analysis. J Cogn Neurosci 21(3):489–510. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Stowe, LA, Haverkort, M, Zwarts, F. 2005. Rethinking the neurological basis of language. Lingua 115(7):997–1042. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Svoboda, E, McKinnon, MC, Levine, B. 2006. The functional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 44(12):2189–208. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Taylor, PC, Muggleton, NG, Kalla, R, Walsh, V, Eimer, M. 2011. TMS of the right angular gyrus modulates priming of pop-out in visual search: combined TMS-ERP evidence. J Neurophysiol 106(6):3001–9. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Tomasi, D, Volkow, ND. 2011. Association between functional connectivity hubs and brain networks. Cereb Cortex 21(9):2003–13. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Triarhou, LC . 2007. A proposed number system for the 107 cortical areas of Economo and Koskinas, and Brodmann area correlations. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 85(5):204–15. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Turkeltaub, PE, Coslett, HB. 2010. Localization of sublexical speech perception components. Brain Lang 114(1):1–15. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Turkeltaub, PE, Eden, GF, Jones, KM, Zeffiro, TA. 2002. Meta-analysis of the functional neuroanatomy of single-word reading: method and validation. Neuroimage 16(3, Pt 1): 765–80. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Uddin, LQ, Supekar, K, Amin, H, Rykhlevskaia, E, Nguyen, DA, Greicius, MD, and others. 2010. Dissociable connectivity within human angular gyrus and intraparietal sulcus: evidence from functional and structural connectivity. Cereb Cortex 20(11):2636–46. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Vandenberghe, R, Gillebert, CR. 2009. Parcellation of parietal cortex: convergence between lesion-symptom mapping and mapping of the intact functioning brain. Behav Brain Res 199(2):171–82. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Vandenberghe, R, Price, C, Wise, R, Josephs, O, Frackowiak, RSJ. 1996. Functional anatomy of a common semantic system for words and pictures. Nature 383:254–6. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Vigneau, M, Beaucousin, V, Herve, PY, Duffau, H, Crivello, F, Houde, O, and others. 2006. Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas: phonology, semantics, and sentence processing. Neuroimage 30(4):1414–32. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Vilberg, KL, Rugg, MD. 2008. Memory retrieval and the parietal cortex: a review of evidence from a dual-process perspective. Neuropsychologia 46(7):1787–99. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Wager, TD, Sylvester, CY, Lacey, SC, Nee, DE, Franklin, M, Jonides, J. 2005. Common and unique components of response inhibition revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 27(2):323–40. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Wakana, S, Jiang, H, Nagae-Poetscher, LM, van Zijl, PCM, Mori, S. 2004. Fiber tract-based atlas of human white matter anatomy. Radiology 230(1):77–87. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Wang, J, Conder, JA, Blitzer, DN, Shinkareva, SV. 2010. Neural representation of abstract and concrete concepts: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Hum Brain Mapp 31(10): 1459–68. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Westlye, LT, Walhovd, KB, Dale, AM, Bjrnerud, A, Due-Tnnessen, P, Engvig, A, and others. 2010. Differentiating maturational and aging-related changes of the cerebral cortex by use of thickness and signal intensity. Neuroimage 52(1):172–85. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Wirth, M, Jann, K, Dierks, T, Federspiel, A, Wiest, R, Horn, H. 2011. Semantic memory involvement in the default mode network: a functional neuroimaging study using independent component analysis. Neuroimage 54(4):3057–66. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Xu, J, Kemeny, S, Park, G, Frattali, C, Braun, A. 2005. Language in context: emergent features of word, sentence, and narrative comprehension. Neuroimage 25(3):1002–15. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Yarkoni, T, Poldrack, RA, Nichols, TE, Van Essen, DC, Wager, TD. 2011. Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data. Nat Methods 8(8):665–70. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Ye, Z, Zhou, X. 2009. Conflict control during sentence comprehension: fMRI evidence. Neuroimage 48(1):280–90. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline | |
| Yeo, BT, Krienen, FM, Sepulcre, J, Sabuncu, MR, Lashkari, D, Hollinshead, M, and others. 2011. The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 106(3):1125–65. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline, ISI | |
| Zhuge, H . 2010. Interactive semantics. Artificial Intell 174:190–204. Google Scholar, Crossref | |
| Zilles, K, Palomero-Gallagher, N. 2001. Cyto-, myelo-, and receptor architectonics of the human parietal cortex. Neuroimage 14(1, Pt 2):S8–S20. Google Scholar, Crossref, Medline |
