This article presents the results of an analysis of the large-scale processed texts of Arabic newspapers in the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Arabic Corpus Project. I adopted methods modified from the Biber Connor Upton Approach to retrieve the expanded concordances of the lexical units almara (woman) and alnisāᵓ (women) from the corpus. The extracted text reveals the discursive patterns regarding a number of topics which are discussed in Arabic newspapers, namely, socio-culture (social practices) and eco-politics. The results of the study show how and why topics related to Arab women are discursively constructed, revealing negative patterns with regard to the topics discrimination, the veil, sports, male guardianship, driving, pro-divorce settlements and municipal elections, and positive patterns concerning the topics marital status, violence, education, travel, sexual harassment, the removal of male guardianship, employment, ministerial election and political participation. The specific case of the topic (un)veil is subsequently analysed in more detail and the results reveal that the topic is associated with negative patterns within a wider socio-cultural discourse.

Al-Mujaiwel, S (2016) Free/Open KACSTAC and its processing tools: Lexical resources for Arabic lexicogrammatical microstructures based on collocational indicators. In: Alonso Almeida, F, Ortega, I, Quintana, E. (eds) Input a Word, Analyze the World: Selected Approaches to Corpus Linguistics. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, pp. 153170. Google Scholar
Almujaiwel, S, Al-Thubaity, A (2016) Arabic corpus processing tools for corpus linguistics and language teaching. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Globalization of Second Language Acquisition and Teacher Education (G-SLATE), Fukuoka, Japan, 4–6 August. Gifu City, Japan: INTESDA, pp. 103108. Google Scholar
Al-Thubaity, A (2015) A 700M + Arabic corpus: KACST Arabic corpus design and construction. Language Resources and Evaluation 49(3): 721751. Google Scholar, Crossref
Al-Thubaity, A, Khan, M, Al-Mazrua, M. (2014) KACST Arabic corpora processing tool ‘Khawas’ (computer software). Available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/ghawwasv4/ (accessed 2 July 2016). Google Scholar
Baker, P (2006) Using Corpora in Discourse Analysis. London: Continuum. Google Scholar
Baker, P, McEnery, T (2005) A corpus-based approach to discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in UN and newspaper texts. In: Ballington, J, Karam, A (eds) Journal of Language and Politics, pp. 197226. Google Scholar, Crossref
Baker, P, Gabrielatos, C, Khosravinik, M. (2008) A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse & Society 19(3): 273306. Google Scholar, Link, ISI
Biber, D, Connor, U, Upton, T (2007) Discourse on the Move: Using Corpus Analysis to Describe Discourse Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Google Scholar, Crossref
Bourdieu, P (1991) Language and Symbolic Power (trans. G Raymond and M Adamson). Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd. Google Scholar
Burr, V (1995) An Introduction to Social Constructionism. London: Routledge. Google Scholar, Crossref
Charlebois, JM (2010) The discursive construction of hegemonic and pariah femininities in the spoken accounts of a group of Japanese women. PhD Thesis, Lancaster University, Lancaster. Google Scholar
Connell, RW (1987) Gender and Power. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar
Connell, RW (1995) Masculinities. Oxford: Polity. Google Scholar
Edley, N (2001) Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In: Wetherell, M, Taylor, M, Yates, SJ (eds) Discourse as Data: A Guide for Analysis. London: SAGE, pp. 189228. Google Scholar
Fairclough, N (1989) Language and Power. London: Longman. Google Scholar
Fairclough, N (1996) Technologisation of discourse. In: Caldas-Coulthard, CR, Coulthard, M (eds) Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge, pp. 7183. Google Scholar
Fairclough, N (2009) Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In: Wodak, R, Meyer, M (eds) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: SAGE, pp. 122138. Google Scholar
Fairclough, N, Wodak, R (1997) Critical discourse analysis. In: Van Dijk, TA (ed.) Discourse as Social Interaction. London: SAGE, pp. 258284. Google Scholar
Flowerdew, L (1997) Interpersonal strategies: Investigating inlerlanguage corpora. RELC Journal 28(1): 7288. Google Scholar, Link
Hardt-Mautner, G (1995) Only connect: Critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. UCREL technical paper no. 6. Lancaster: Lancaster University. Available at: http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/papers/techpaper/vol6.pdf (accessed 14 July 2016). Google Scholar
Hoey, M (1997) From concordance to text structure: New uses for computer corpora. In: Lewandowska, B, Melia, P (eds) Proceedings of the Practical Applications of Language Corpora Conference. Łódź: Łódź University Press, pp. 223. Google Scholar
Holmes, J, Marra, M (eds) (2010) Femininity, Feminism and Gendered Discourse: A Selected and Edited Collection of Papers From the Fifth International Gender and Language Association conference (IGALA5). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Google Scholar
Livani, T (2007) Middle East and North Africa: Gender Overview. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, pp. 143. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MENA_Gender_Overview_2007.pdf (accessed 14 July 2016). Google Scholar
Lombardo, L (2009) Introduction: Establishing guidelines for the use of corpora as resources for learners (and their teachers). In: Lombardo, L (ed.) Using Corpora to Learn about Language and Discourse. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 738. Google Scholar
Louw, WE (2010) Collocation as instrumentation for meaning: A scientific fact. In: Van Peer, W, Zyngier, S, Viana, V (eds) Literary Education and Digital Learning: Methods and Technologies. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, pp. 79101. Google Scholar, Crossref
McEnery, T, Hardie, A (2012) Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
McRobbie, A (2009) The Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change. London: SAGE. Google Scholar
Magalhaes, CM (2006) A critical discourse analysis approach to news discourses and social practices on race in Brazil. DELTA 22(2): 275301. Google Scholar, Crossref
Mautner, G (2007) Mining large corpora for social information: The case of elderly. Language in Society 36(1): 5172. Google Scholar, Crossref
Offenhauer, P (2005) Women in Islamic societies: A selected review of social scientific literature. A report prepared by the Federal Research Division in the Library of Congress under an interagency agreement with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence/National Intelligence Council (ODNI/ADDNIA/NIC) and Central Intelligence Agency/Directorate of Science and Technology. Available at: https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Women_Islamic_Societies.pdf (accessed 14 July 2016). Google Scholar
O’Halloran, K, Coffin, C (2004) Checking overinterpretation and underinterpretation: Help from corpora in critical linguistics. In: Coffin, C, Hewings, A, O’Halloran, K (eds) Applying English Grammar: Corpus and Functional Approaches. London: Arnold, pp. 275297. Google Scholar
Orpin, D (2005) Corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis: Examining the ideology of sleaze. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10(1): 3761. Google Scholar, Crossref
Ottaway, M (2004) Women’s Rights and Democracy in the Arab World. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Google Scholar
Read, J, Bartkowski, J (2000) To veil or not to veil? A case study of identity negotiation among Muslim women in Austin, Texas. Gender & Society 14(3): 395417. Google Scholar, Link
Sabbagh, A (2005) The Arab states: Enhancing women’s political participation. In: Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, rev. edn. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), pp. 5271. Google Scholar
Sinclair, J (2004) Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse. London: Routledge. Google Scholar
Skalli, LH (2011) Constructing Arab female leadership lessons from the Moroccan media. Gender & Society 26(3): 382405. Google Scholar
Stubbs, M (1983) Discourse Analysis: The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural Language. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Stubbs, M (1996) Text and Corpus Analysis: Computer Assisted Studies of Language and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell. Google Scholar
Stubbs, M (1997) Review of T. McEnery and A. Wilson (1996) Corpus Linguistics. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 2(2): 296302. Google Scholar, Crossref
Stubbs, M (2007) On texts, corpora and models of language. In: Hoey, M, Mahlberg, M, Stubbs, M. (eds) Text, Discourse and Corpora: Theory and Analysis. London: Continuum, pp. 127162. Google Scholar
Teubert, W (2004) Language and corpus linguistics. In: Halliday, M, Teubert, W, Yallop, C. (eds) Lexicology and Corpus Linguistics: An Introduction. London: Continuum, pp. 73112. Google Scholar
Teubert, W (2005) My version of corpus linguistics. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10(1): 113. Google Scholar, Crossref
Teubert, W (2007) Parole-linguistics and the diachronic dimension of the discourse. In: Hoey, M, Mahlberg, M, Stubbs, M. (eds) Text, Discourse and Corpora: Theory and Analysis. London: Continuum, pp. 5788. Google Scholar
The World Bank (2009) The Status and Progress of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, DC: The Social and Economic Development Group and the Office of the Chief Economist of the Middle East and North Africa. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MENA_Gender_Compendium-2009-1.pdf (accessed 14 July 2016). Google Scholar
Titscher, S, Meyer, M, Wodak, R. (2000) Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis. London: SAGE. Google Scholar
Tohmé-Tabet, A (2001) Women, intangible heritage and development in the Arab world. In: International Editorial Meeting and Future Activities in the Domain Iran-National Commission for UNESCO, Tehran, Iran, June. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/doc/src/00161-EN.pdf (accessed 14 July 2016). Google Scholar
Upton, TA, Cohen, MA (2009) An approach to corpus-based discourse analysis: The move analysis as example. Discourse Studies 11(5): 585605. Google Scholar, Link
Van Dijk, TA (1993) Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society 4(2): 249283. Google Scholar, Link
Van Dijk, TA (1998) Ideology. London: SAGE. Google Scholar
Van Dijk, TA (2008) Discourse Reader. London: SAGE. Google Scholar
Van Leeuwen, T (1996) The representation of social actors. In: Caldas-Coulthard, CR, Coulthard, M (eds) Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Routledge, pp. 3270. Google Scholar
Weiss, G, Wodak, R (eds) (2003) Critical Discourse Analysis: Theory and Interdisciplinarity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Google Scholar
Wodak, R (2006) Review article: Boundaries in discourse analysis. Language in Society 35(4): 595611. Google Scholar, Crossref
Wodak, R, De Cillia, R, Reisigl, M. (1999) The Discursive Construction of National Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Google Scholar

Vol 11, Issue 5, 2017