Abstract
This article elaborates on variables associated with the collapse of the North Tower of the World Trade Center. The previously published quantifications of inertia, column capacity, and the assumptions related to the beginning of downward motion, are examined and corrected. The reasons for false conclusions reached in several previous analyses are presented.
Keywords Large Deflections, Plasticity, Collapse
| 1. | Bažant, Z.P. and Zhou, Y , “Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse?—Simple Analysis”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 128, No. 1, pp.2–6, January 2002. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 2. | Bažant, Z.P. and Verdure, M. , “Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 133, No. 3, pp.308–319, March 2007. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 3. | Szuladziński, G. Discussion of “Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions” by Z.P. Bazant and M. Verdure. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 134, No. 10, Oct.2008, pp.913–915. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 4a. | Korol, R.M. , “Collapse Time Analysis of Multi-Story Structural Steel Buildings”. The Open Civil Engineering Journal 2011, 5, pp.25–35. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 4b. | Wierzbicki, T. and Abramowicz, W. , “The mechanics of deep plastic collapse of thin-walled structures”. Part of Wierzbicki, T. , and Jones, N. , Eds, Structural failure, vol. 9. John Wiley, 1989, pp. 281–329. Google Scholar |
| 5. | Szuladziński, G. “Temporal Considerations in Collapse of WTC Towers”. Int. J. Structural Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 3, Feb 2012, pp.189–207. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 6. | Le, Ja-Liang and Bažant, Z.P. , “Why the Observed Motion History of World Trade Center Towers is Smooth”. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 137, No. 1, January 1, 2011, pg. 82–84. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 7. | Chandler, D. (2010). “Destruction of the World Trade Center North Tower and Fundamental Physics”, Journal of 9/11 Studies, available at http://www.journalof911studies.com. Google Scholar |
| 8. | Urich, G. (2007). “Analysis of the Mass and Potential Energy of World Trade Center Tower 1”, Journal of 9/11 Studies, available at http://www.journalof911studies.com. Google Scholar |
| 9. | National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2005). Final report on the Collapse of World Trade Center Towers NIST-NCSTAR 1, NIST, Gaithersburg, Md. Google Scholar |
| 10. | Analytical Service Pty Ltd. Large-deflection squashing of a steel column. Technical Note No. 56, November 2008. Google Scholar |
| 11. | Bažant, Z. P. , and Cedolin, L. Stability of structures: Elastic, inelastic, fracture and damage theories, 2nd Ed., Dover, New York, 2003. Google Scholar |
| 12. | Bazant, Z.P., Le, J.-L., Greening, F.R., and Benson, D.B. (2008). “What did and did not cause collapse of World Trade Center twin towers in New York?”. J. of Engrg. Mechanics ASCE 134 (10) 892–906. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 13. | Kennedy, K. and Rahman, N. Strength tables for special seismic and blast design of cold-formed steel connections. The Steel Network, Durham, NC 27709, USA. Updated Jan. 2012. Google Scholar |
| 14. | Szuladziński, G. Formulas for mechanical and structural shock and impact. Page 463. CRC Press, 2009. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 15. | Bažant, Z.P. and Le, Jia-Liang . Closure to “Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions” by Bažant, Z.P. and Verdure, M. , Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 133, No. 3, pp.308–319, October 2008. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 16. | Bazant, Z.P. Closure to “Why the Observed Motion History of World Trade Center Towers Is Smooth” by Le Jia-Liang and Bazant, Z. P. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 1300–1301, October 2012. Google Scholar |
| 17. | Grabbe, C. Discussion of “Why the Observed Motion History of World Trade Center Towers Is Smooth” by Le Jia-Liang and Bazant, Z. P. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 138, No. 10, pp. 1298–1300, October 2012. Google Scholar, Crossref |
| 18. | Links to NBC videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgJ7t5D9gTk and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9-owhllM9k. Google Scholar |

