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First published online June 21, 2013

The Historical Nature of Cities: A Study of Urbanization and Hazardous Waste Accumulation

James R. Elliott and Scott FrickelView all authors and affiliations

Volume 78, Issue 4

https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122413493285

Abstract

Endemic uncertainties surrounding urban industrial waste raise important theoretical and methodological challenges for understanding the historical nature of cities. Our study advances a synthetic framework for engaging these challenges by extending theories of modern risk society and classic urban ecology to investigate the accumulation of industrial hazards over time and space. Data for our study come from a unique longitudinal dataset containing geospatial and organizational information on more than 2,800 hazardous manufacturing sites operating between 1956 and 2006 in Portland, Oregon. We pair these site data with historical data from the U.S. population census and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to examine the historical accumulation of hazardous parcels in relation to changing patterns of industrial land use, neighborhood composition, new residential development, and environmental regulation. Results indicate that historical accumulation of hazardous sites is scaling up in ways that exhibit little regard for shifting neighborhood demographics or existing regulatory policies as sites merge into larger, more contiguous industrialized areas of historically generated hazards, creating the environmental conditions of urban risk society.

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Biographies

James R. Elliott is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon. His current research focuses on urbanization, social inequality, and the environment. In addition to work on relict industrial waste, he is currently examining social and spatial dynamics of post-disaster recoveries and links between urbanization and carbon emissions at and from the local level. He is past recipient of multiple university-wide teaching awards and currently co-editor of Sociological Perspectives, the official journal of the Pacific Sociological Association.

Scott Frickel is Associate Professor of Sociology and Boeing Distinguished Professor of Environmental Sociology at Washington State University. He predominantly works on environment, science, and the politics of knowledge. Current research projects include a relational sociology of interdisciplinarity, the sociology of ignorance, and the organization of expert activism. With Jim Elliott, he is developing a book manuscript on a comparative environmental sociology of cities. He is past recipient of the Hacker-Mullins Student Paper Award, the Star-Nelkin Paper Award, and the Robert K. Merton Book Award, all from the ASA Section on Science, Knowledge, and Technology.

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American Sociological Review

Volume 78, Issue 4

Pages: 521 - 543

Article first published online: June 21, 2013

Issue published: August 2013

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James R. Elliott

University of Oregon

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Scott Frickel

Washington State University

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Notes

James Elliott, Department of Sociology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1291 E-mail: [email protected]

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