The Sociology of Gaslighting
Abstract
Gaslighting—a type of psychological abuse aimed at making victims seem or feel “crazy,” creating a “surreal” interpersonal environment—has captured public attention. Despite the popularity of the term, sociologists have ignored gaslighting, leaving it to be theorized by psychologists. However, this article argues that gaslighting is primarily a sociological rather than a psychological phenomenon. Gaslighting should be understood as rooted in social inequalities, including gender, and executed in power-laden intimate relationships. The theory developed here argues that gaslighting is consequential when perpetrators mobilize gender-based stereotypes and structural and institutional inequalities against victims to manipulate their realities. Using domestic violence as a strategic case study to identify the mechanisms via which gaslighting operates, I reveal how abusers mobilize gendered stereotypes; structural vulnerabilities related to race, nationality, and sexuality; and institutional inequalities against victims to erode their realities. These tactics are gendered in that they rely on the association of femininity with irrationality. Gaslighting offers an opportunity for sociologists to theorize under-recognized, gendered forms of power and their mobilization in interpersonal relationships.
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Biographies
Paige L. Sweet is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Inequality in America Initiative at Harvard University. Her research focuses on gender and sexuality, the politics of health, expert knowledge, and gender-based violence. She is currently writing a book manuscript about the pressures that domestic violence victims face to attend therapy and “become survivors” as a condition of receiving welfare state services. Her work has appeared in Social Problems, Sociological Theory, and Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society, among others.
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