Restricted access

Research article

First published online February 10, 2016

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the Measurement of Spatial Structures and Fuel Distribution in Flames

Maria Kotzagianni, Eirini Kakkava, and Stelios Couris [email protected]View all authors and affiliations

Volume 70, Issue 4

https://doi.org/10.1177/0003702816631296

Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for the mapping of local structures (i.e., reactants and products zones) and for the determination of fuel distribution by means of the local equivalence ratio ϕ in laminar, premixed air–hydrocarbon flames. The determination of laser threshold energy to induce breakdown in the different zones of flames is employed for the identification and demarcation of the local structures of a premixed laminar flame, while complementary results about fuel concentration were obtained from measurements of the cyanogen (CN) band Β²Σ⁺--Χ²Σ⁺, (Δυ = 0) at 388.3 nm and the ratio of the atomic lines of hydrogen (H_α) and oxygen (O(I)), H_α/O. The combination of these LIBS-based methods provides a relatively simple to use, rapid, and accurate tool for online and in situ combustion diagnostics, providing valuable information about the fuel distribution and the spatial variations of the local structures of a flame.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

1. Pathak A.K., Kumar R., Singh V.K., Agrawal R., Rai S., Rai A.K. “Assessment of LIBS for Spectrochemical Analysis: a Review”. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev 2012; 47: 14–40.

2. Miziolek A.W., Palleschi V., Schechter I. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Fundamentals and Applications, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

3. Michel A.P.M. “Review: Applications of Single-Shot Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2010; 65: 185–191.

4. De Giacomo A., Dell’Aglio M., De Pascale O., Gaudiuso R., Palleschi V., Parigger C., Woods A. “Plasma Processes and Emission Spectra in Laser Induced Plasmas: a Point of View”. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2014; 100: 180–188.

5. Hahn D.W., Omenetto N. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma–Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community”. Appl. Spectrosc 2010; 64(12): 335A–366A.

6. Fortes F.J., Moros J., Lucena P., Cabalín L.M., Laserna J.J. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”. Anal. Chem 2013; 85: 640–669.

7. Zimmer L., Tachibana S. “Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy for Local Equivalence Ratio Measurements in an Oscillating Combustion Environment”. Proc. Combust. Inst 2007; 31: 737–745.

8. Phuoc T.X., White F.P. “Laser-Induced Spark for Measurements of the Fuel-to-Air Ratio of a Combustible Mixture”. Fuel 2012; 81: 1761–1765.

9. Ferioli F., Puzinauskas P.V., Buckley S.G. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for On-Line Egnine Equivalence Ratio Measurements”. Appl. Spectrosc 2003; 57(9): 1183–1189.

10. Bak M.S., Im S.-K., Mungal M.G., Capelli M.A. “Studies on the Stability Limit Extension of Premixed and Jet Diffusion Flames of Methane, Ethane and Propane Using Nanosecond Repetitive Pulsed Discharge Plasmas”. Combust. Flame 2013; 160: 2396–2403.

11. Michalakou A., Stavropoulos P., Couris S. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Reactive Flows of Hydrocarbon-Air Mixtures”. Appl. Phys. Lett 2008; 92: 081501.

12. Yueh F.Y., Tripathi M.M., Singh J.P. “Chapter 18: Combustion Applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”. In: Musazzi S., Perini U. (eds). Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Theory and Applications, Berlin: Springer, 2014, pp. 1–8.

13. Stavropoulos P., Michalakou A., Skevis G., Couris S. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool for Equivalence Ratio Measurement in Methane–Air Premixed Flames”. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2005; 60: 1092–1097.

14. Sturm V., Noll R. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Gas Mixtures of Air, CO₂, N₂ and C₃H₈ for Simultaneous C, H, O and N Measurements”. Appl. Opt 2003; 42(30): 6221–6225.

15. Tripathi M.M., Srinivasan K.K., Krishnan S.R., Yueh F.-Y., Singh J.P. “A Comparison of Multivariate LIBS and Chemiluminescence-Based Local Equivalence Ratio Measurements in Premixed Atmospheric Methane–Air Flames”. Fuel 2013; 106: 318–326.

16. Letty C., Pastore A., Mastorakos E., Balachandran R., Couris S. “Comparison of Electrical and Laser Spark Emission Spectroscopy for Fuel Concentration Measurements”. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci 2010; 34: 338–345.

17. Kotzagianni M., Couris S. “Femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown for Combustion Diagnostics”. Appl. Phys. Lett 2012; 100: 264104.

18. Kotzagianni M., Couris S. “Femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Air–Methane Mixtures”. Chem. Phys. Lett 2013; 561–562: 36–41.

19. Stavropoulos P., Michalakou A., Skevis G., Couris S. “Quantitative Local Equivalence Ratio Determination in Laminar Premixed Methane–Air Flames by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)”. Chem. Phys. Lett 2005; 404: 309–314.

20. Majd A.E., Arabanian A.S., Massudi R., Nazeri M. “Spatially Resolved Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Methane–Air Diffusion Flames”. Appl. Spectrosc 2011; 65(1): 36–42.

21. Kiefer J., Tröger J.W., Li Z.S., Aldén M. “Laser-Induced Plasma in Methane and Dimethyl Ether for Flame Ignition and Combustion Diagnostics”. Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt 2010; 103: 229–236.

22. Kiefer J., Troger J.W., Li Z., Seeger T., Alden M., Leipertz A. “Laser Induced Flame Thermometry”. Combust. Flame 2012; 159: 3576–3582.

23. Mansour M.S., Imam H., Elsayed K.A., Abbass W. “Local Equivalence Ratio Measurements in Turbulent Partially Premixed Flames Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”. Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 2009; 64: 1079–1084.

24. Chen Y.-L., Lewis J.W.L., Parriger C. “Spatial and Temporal Profiles of Pulsed Laser-Induced Air Plasma Emissions”. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 2000; 67: 91–103.

25. Phuoc T.X. “Laser-Induced Spark Ignition Fundamental and Applications”. Opt. Laser Eng 2006; 44: 351–397.

26. Zel’dovich B., Raizer Y.P. “Absorption and Emission of Radiation in Gases at High Temperatures”. In: Hayes W.D., Probstein R.F. (eds). Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena, New York, NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 2002, pp. 338–348.

27. Vogel A., Noach J., Nahen K., Theisen D., Busch S., Parlitz U., Hammer D.X., Noojin G.D., Rockwell B.A., Birngruber R. “Energy Balance of Optical Breakdown in Water at Nanosecond to Femtosecond Time Scales”. Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt 1999; 68: 271–280.

28. Kuo K.K., Acharya R. “Laminar Premixed Flames”. In: Kuo K.K., Acharya R. (eds). Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012, pp. 46.

29. Kiefer J., Li Z., Alden M. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in a Partially Premixed Turbulent Jet Flame”. Meas. Sci. Technol 2013; 24: 075205.

30. Parigger C.G., Dackman M., Hornkohl J.O. “Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Measurements of Hydrogen-Alpha, -Beta, and -Gamma Emissions”. Appl. Opt 2008; 37(31): G1–G6.

31. M. Kotzagianni, R. Yuan, E. Mastorakos, S. Couris. “Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Measurements in Turbulent Methane Flames”. 52nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting - AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, SciTech 2014; National Harbor, MD; United States; 13–17 January 2014; Code 105770.

Cite article

Cite article

OR

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Applied Spectroscopy

Volume 70, Issue 4

Pages: 627 - 634

Article first published online: February 10, 2016

Issue published: April 2016

Keywords

Rights and permissions

© The Author(s) 2016.

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

PubMed: 26865582

Authors

Affiliations

Maria Kotzagianni

Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, Patras, Greece

Hopkinson Laboratory, Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

View all articles by this author

Eirini Kakkava

Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, Patras, Greece

View all articles by this author

Stelios Couris

Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, Patras, Greece

[email protected]

View all articles by this author

Notes

Stelios Couris, Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece. Email: [email protected]

Metrics and citations

Metrics

This article was published in Applied Spectroscopy.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Total views and downloads: 160

^*Article usage tracking started in December 2016

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

SIGN UP TO CITATION ALERTS

Web of Science: 16 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 15

Structural evolution of solid-fuel combustion using laser-induced brea...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to obtain quantitative three-dime...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Flame stability and equivalence ratio assessment of turbulent partiall...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Quantitative measurement of mixture fraction in counterflow diffusion ...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
In situ diagnostic investigation on the structure distribution of inve...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Application of Molecular Emissions in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectros...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Temperature measurement with compositional correction of gas mixture b...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Time-Gated Single-Shot Picosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Pub Med
Experimental investigation of combustion characteristics and NOx forma...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted by machine learning for ...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
A multi-spot laser induced breakdown spectroscopy system based on diff...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Lean partially premixed turbulent flame equivalence ratio measurements...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
High-pressure 1D fuel/air-ratio measurements with LIBS
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
New developed burner towards stable lean turbulent partially premixed ...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
Elemental and molecular analysis of metal containing biomolecules usin...
Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:

Sage Journals profile

OR

Institution

Society

ASP members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.

MEMBERSHIP LOGIN

Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase access

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Read with DeepDyve

View options

PDF/ePub

Full Text

View full text|Download PDF

You currently have no access to this content. Visit the access options page to authenticate.