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First published online January 2, 2014

Negotiating Virtue: Principlism and Maslaha in Muslim Bioethics

Abstract

Abstract

Principlist modes of reasoning in bioethics – with autonomy at the core – resonate strongly with a legalism that dominates Muslim ethics, including the understanding of the shari’a. From abortion and organ donation/transplant to end-of-life decisions, both secular and Muslim bioethics generally apply “cardinal” principles in ways felt to be relatively objective and certain, though they may produce different outcomes. This article builds on recent critiques, notably that of virtue ethics, in drawing attention to the cost in sensitivity to context and the individual. The Aristotelian basis of virtue ethics has a venerable place in Islamic traditions – as does maslaha, the public good, which has long played a critical role in tempering formalism in the shari’a. In conjunction with the agent- and context-centred reasoning of virtue ethics, maslaha can contribute vitally to negotiating competing bioethical claims. It is also more inclusive than principlist legalism, given the latter’s traditionalist and patriarchal moorings. The shift is urgent amid the growing interface of religious and secular approaches to problems raised by biomedical technologies, and to biosocial issues such as female genital mutilation (FGM) and honour killings.

Résumé

Les modes principlistes du raisonnement dans la bioéthique —avec l’autonomie au noyau— résonnent fortement avec un légalisme qui domine l’éthique musulmane, y compris la compréhension du shari’a. De l’avortement et le don / la transplantation d’organe, aux décisions de la fin-de-vie, et la bioéthique laïque et la bioéthique musulmane appliquent généralement les principes « cardinaux » d’une manière qui se voit relativement objective et certaine, bien qu’ils puissent produire des résultats différents. Cet article s’appuie sur les critiques récentes, notamment celle de l’éthique de vertu, en attirant l’attention sur le coût de la sensibilité au contexte et à l’individu. La base aristotélicienne de l’éthique de vertu a un endroit vénérable dans des traditions islamiques —de même que fait maslaha, le bien public, qui a longtemps joué un rôle critique en modérant le formalisme dans le shari’a. En collaboration avec le raisonnement de l’éthique de vertu centré sur agent-et-contexte, le maslaha peut contribuer de manière vitale à la négociation des réclamations bioéthiques de concurrence. Il est également plus inclus que le légalisme principliste, donné les amarrages traditionalistes et patriarcaux de ce dernier. Le décalage est urgent parmi l’interface croissante des approches religieuses et laïques aux problèmes soulevés par des technologies biomédicales, et aux questions biosociales telles que la mutilation génitale femelle (MGF) et les meurtres d’honneur.

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Published In

Article first published online: January 2, 2014
Issue published: March 2014

Keywords

  1. Religion and bioethics
  2. Islam
  3. Muslim ethics
  4. shari’a
  5. maslaha
  6. virtue ethics

Keywords

  1. La religion et la bioéthique
  2. Islam
  3. éthique musulmane
  4. shari’a
  5. maslaha
  6. éthique de vertu

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Authors

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Amyn B. Sajoo

Notes

Amyn B. Sajoo, Scholar-in-Residence, Centre for Comparative Study of Muslim Societies & Cultures, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Email: [email protected]

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