This study examined the link between developmental risk and protective factors and risky sexual activity among 222 urban African American youth attending an alternative education program (AEP) because of problematic behavior. Self-report information provided by these AEP participants revealed that, for the risk and protective factors examined, the extent of their involvement in delinquent activity, including substance use, and the less parental monitoring they received were the principal correlates of both the likelihood of the initiation and extent of their engagement in risky sexual activity. Findings of the study also illustrate the feasibility of the early identification of individuals likely to be at increased risk for the development of sexually-related short and long-term adverse health outcomes.

Alexander, C. S., Somerfield, M. R., Ensminger, M. E., Johnson, K. E., Kim, Y. J. (1993). Consistency of adolescents’ self-report of sexual behavior in a longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 455-471.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Barone, C., Ickovics, J. R., Ayers, T. S., Katz, S. M., Voyce, C. K., Weissberg, R. P. (1996). High-risk sexual behavior among young urban students. Family Planning Perspectives, 28, 69-74.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Biglan, A., Metzler, C. W., Wirt, R., Ary, D., Noell, J., Ochs, L., Hood, D. (1990). Social and behavioral factors associated with high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 13, 245-261.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Bralock, A. R., Koniak-Griffin, D. (2007). Relationship, power, and other influences on self-protective sexual behaviors of African American female adolescents. Health Care Women International, 28, 247-267.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Bry, B., Krinsley, K. (1990). Adolescent substance abuse. In Feindler, E., Kalfus, G. (Eds.), Adolescent behavior therapy handbook (pp. 219-232). New York, NY: Springer.
Google Scholar
Carpenter-Aeby, T., Kurtz, P. D. (2000). The portfolio as a strengths-based intervention to empower chronically disruptive students in an alternative school. Children & Schools, 22, 217-231.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Carswell, S. B. (2007). Delinquency among African American youth: Parental attachment, socioeconomic status, and peer relationships. New York, NY: LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC.
Google Scholar
Carswell, S. B., Hanlon, T. E., O’Grady, K. E., Watts, A., Pothong, P. (2009). A preventive intervention program for urban African American youth attending an alternative education program: Background, implementation, and feasibility. Education and Treatment of Children, 32, 445-469.
Google Scholar
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention . (2002). National cross-site evaluation of high-risk youth programs. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 00-3375.
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2004).Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2003. MMWR, 53(SS-2), 1-29.
Google Scholar | Medline
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2006). HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 2006. Vol. 18. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2007). Cases of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and dependent areas, 2005. HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 17. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/2005report/pdf/2005SurveillanceReport.pdf
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2008). HIV/AIDS surveillance in adolescents and young adults (through 2006). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (November, 2009). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance, 2008. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Google Scholar
Cox, S. M. (1999). An assessment of alternative education program for at-risk delinquent youth. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 36, 323-336.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Crosby, R. A., DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Sionean, C., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K. (2000). Correlates of unprotected vaginal sex among African American female adolescents: Importance of relationship dynamics. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 154, 893-899.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Darroch, J. E., Landry, D. J., Oslak, S. (1999). Age differences between sexual partners in the United States. Family Planning Perspectives, 31, 160-167.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Davis, N. J. (1999). Resilience: Status of research and research-based programs. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Google Scholar
DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R. A., Sionean, C., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K., Oh, M. K. (2001). Parental monitoring: Association with adolescents’ risk behaviors. Pediatrics, 107, 1363-1368.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Doljanac, R. F., Zimmerman, M. A. (1998). Psychosocial factors and high-risk sexual behavior: Race differences among urban adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 451-467.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A., Wechsler, H. (2006). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2005. Journal of School Health, 76, 353-372.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., Wechsler, H. (2008). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2007. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 57, 1-131.
Google Scholar
Farrell, A. D., Danish, S. J., Howard, C. W. (1992). Relationship between drug use and other problem behaviors in urban adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 705-712.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Flom, P. L., Friedman, S. R., Kottiri, B. J., Neaigus, A., Curtis, R., Des Jarlais, D. C., Zenilman, J. M. (2001). Stigmatized drug use, sexual partner concurrency, and other sex risk network and behavior characteristics of 18- to 24-year-old youth in a high-risk neighborhood. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 28, 598-607.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Foley, R. M., Pang, L. (2006). Alternative education programs: Program and student characteristics. High School Journal, 89, 10-21.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Garmezy, N. (1991). Resilience and vulnerability to adverse developmental outcomes associated with poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34, 416-430.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Grunbaum, J. A., Lowry, R., Kann, L. (2001). Prevalence of health-related behaviors among alternative high school students as compared with students attending regular high schools. Journal of Adolescent Health, 29, 337-343.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Guerin, G., Denti, L. (1999). Alternative education support for youth at risk. The Clearing House, 73, 76.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Hanlon, T. E., Bateman, R. W., O’Grady, K. E., Simon, B. S., Carswell, S. B. (2004). Antecedents and correlates of deviant activity in urban youth manifesting behavioral problems. Journal of Primary Prevention, 24, 285-310.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Hanlon, T. E., Bateman, R. W., Simon, B. S., O’Grady, K. E., Carswell, S. B. (2002). An early community-based intervention for the prevention of substance abuse and other delinquent behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31, 459-471.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Hanlon, T. E., Carswell, S. B., Rose, M. (2007). Research on the caretaking of children of incarcerated parents: Findings and their service delivery implications. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 384-362.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Hanlon, T. E., Simon, B. S., O’Grady, K. E., Carswell, S. B., Callaman, J. M. (2009). The effectiveness of an after-school program targeting urban African American youth. Education and Urban Society, 42, 96-118.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Hearn, K. D., O’Sullivan, L. F., Dudley, C. D. (2003). Assessing reliability of early adolescent girls’ reports of romantic and sexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 513-521.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Huizinga, D., Jakob-Chien, C. (1998). The contemporaneous co-occurrence of serious and violent juvenile offending and other problem behaviors. In Huizinga, D., Jakob-Chien, C. (Eds.), Serious & violence juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 47-67). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Institute of Behavioral Science . (1987). Youth interview schedule: Denver Youth Survey. Boulder: University of Colorado.
Google Scholar
Jessor, R., van Des Bos, J., Vanderyn, F. M., Turbin, M. S. (1995). Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 31, 923-933.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Kirby, D. (2001). Emerging answers: Research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy (Summary). Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.
Google Scholar
Kirby, D. (2007). Emerging answers 2007: Research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
Google Scholar
Kourtis, A. P., Kraft, J. M., Gavin, L., Kissin, D., McMichen-Wright, P., Jamieson, D. J. (2006). Prevention of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in adolescents. Current HIV Research, 4, 209-219.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Li, X., Feigelman, S., Stanton, B. (2000). Perceived parental monitoring and health risk behaviors among urban low-income African-American children and adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27, 43-48.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Li, X., Stanton, B., Feigelman, S. (2000). Impact of perceived parental monitoring on adolescent risk behavior over 4 years. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27, 49-56.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Meyers, A. (2001). Examining alternative education over the past thirty years. Education, 190, 76-81.
Google Scholar
Miller, K. S., Boyer, C. B., Cotton, G. (2004). The STD and HIV epidemics in African American youth: Reconceptualizing approaches to risk reduction. Journal of Black Psychology, 30, 124-137.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Moore, M. R., Chase-Lansdale, P. L. (2001). Sexual intercourse and pregnancy among African American girls in high-poverty neighborhoods: The role of family and perceived community environment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 1146-1157.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Murphy, D. A., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Reid, H. M. (1998). Adolescent gender differences in HIV-related sexual risk acts, social-cognitive factors and behavioral skills. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 197-208.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Newman, L. M., Berman, S. M. (2008). Epidemiology of STD disparities in African American communities. Sexually Transmitted Disease, 35(Supplement 12), S4-S12.
Google Scholar | Crossref
O’Donnell, B. L., O’Donnell, C. R., Stueve, A. (2001). Early sexual initiation and subsequent sex-related risks among urban minority youth: The reach for health study. Family Planning Perspectives, 33, 268-275.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
O’Donnell, L., Myint, U. A., O’Donnell, C. R., Stueve, A. (2003). Long-term influence of sexual norms and attitudes on timing of sexual initiation among urban minority youth. Journal of School Health, 73, 68-75.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Olson, D. P., Portner, J., Lavee, Y. (1988). Adaptability and cohersion evaluation scales. In Camara, K. A. (Ed.), Test critiques, Vol. VII. Kansas City, MO: Westport.
Google Scholar
Powell, D. E. (2003). Demystifying alternative education: Considering what really works. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 12, 68-70.
Google Scholar
Raine, T. R., Jenkins, R., Aarons, S. J., Woodward, K., Fairfax, J. L., El-Khorazaty, M. N., Herman, A. (1999). Sociodemographic correlates of virginity in seventh-grade black and Latino students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24, 304-312.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Raywid, M. A. (1999). History and issues of alternative schools. The Education Digest, 64, 47-52.
Google Scholar
Reilly, D. H., Reilly, J. L. (1983). Alternative schools: Issues and directions. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 10, 89-98.
Google Scholar
Robinson, M. L., Holmbeck, G. N., Paikoff, R. L. (2007). Self-esteem enhancing reasons for having sex and the sexual behaviors of African American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 453-464.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Romer, D., Stanton, B., Galbraith, J., Feigelman, S., Black, M. M., Li, X. (1999). Parental influence on adolescent sexual behavior in high-poverty settings. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 153, 1055-1062.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Rutter, M. (1990). Psychological resilience and protective mechanisms. In Rolf, J. E., Masten, A. S., Cicchetti, D., Nuechterlein, K. H., Weintraub, S. (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 181-214). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Shrier, L. A., Crosby, R. (2003). Correlates of sexual experience among a nationally representative sample of alternative high school students. Journal of School Health, 73, 197-200.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Stanton, B. F., Li, X., Black, M. M., Ricardo, I., Galbraith, J., Feigelman, S., Kaljee, L. (1996). Longitudinal stability and predictability of sexual perceptions, intentions, and behaviors among early adolescent African-Americans. Journal of Adolescent Health, 18, 10-19.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Tapert, S. F., Aarons, G. A., Sedlar, G. R., Brown, S. A. (2001). Adolescent substance use and sexual risk-taking behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28, 181-189.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Tobin, T., Sprague, J. (2000). Alternative education strategies: Reducing violence in school and the community. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8, 177-187.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Weinstock, H., Berman, S., Cates, W.(2004). Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: Incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36, 6-10.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Zweig, J. M. (2003, June). Vulnerable youth: Identifying their need for alternative educational settings. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

EUS-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in:

Related Articles

Citing articles: 0