![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the United States has experienced a significant increase in the use of security measures in public and private secondary schools. Measures including police officers, metal detectors, and security cameras are becoming more common in the hallways of American schools. Following this surge, a number of academics have become interested in understanding how these measures effect outcomes for students, yet little research has sought to explore the impact of security measures on parents. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002), the current project explores the relationship between formal and informal parenting involvement with the school and the presence of school security measures utilizing Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) regression. Results indicate the presence of a security guard and metal detectors is related to lower levels of formal parental involvement, all else equal. Security measures were not found to effect informal parental involvement occurring outside of the school proper.
Keywords parenting, schooling, policing, adolescents
References
Section:
|
Addington, L. (2009). Cops and cameras: Public school security as a policy response to Columbine. American Behavioral Scientist, 512, 1426-1445. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Arcia, E. (2007). A comparison of elementary/K-8 and middle schools’ suspension rates. Urban Education, 42, 456-469. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bower, H., Griffin, D. (2011). Can the Epstein Model of parental involvement work in a high-minority, high-poverty elementary school? A case study. Professional School Counseling, 2, 77-87. Google Scholar | |
|
Casella, R. (2006). Selling us the fortress: The promotion of techno-security equipment for schools. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Coleman, J. (1998). Social capital and creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-120. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Coon, J. (2007). Security technology in U.S. public schools. New York, NY: KFB Scholarly Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Crosnoe, R. (2001). Trends in academic orientation and parental involvement in education during high school. Sociology of Education, 74, 210-230. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Darling, S., Kleiman, I., Larocque, M. (2011). Parental involvement: The missing link in school achievement. Preventing School Failure, 55, 115-122. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
DePlanty, J., Coulter-Kern, R., Duchane, K. (2007). Perceptions of parent involvement in academic achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 100, 361-368. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Eccles, S., Harold, R. (1993). Parent-school involvement during the earl adolescent years. Teachers’ College Record, 94, 568-587. Google Scholar | |
|
Elder, G., Eccles, J., Ardelt, M., Lord, S. (1995). Inner-city parents under economic pressure: Perspectives on the strategies of parenting. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 771-784. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Epstein, J. (1995). School-family-community partnerships: Caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76, 701-712. Google Scholar | |
|
Fan, X., Chen, M. (1999). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13, 1-22. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ferguson, A. (2001). Bad boys: Public schools in the making of Black masculinity. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Friedman, B., Bobrowski, P., Geraci, J. (2006). Parents’ school satisfaction: Ethnic similarities and difference. Journal of Educational Administration, 44, 471-486. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Furstenberg, F. (1993). How families manage risk and opportunity in dangerous neighborhoods. In Wilson, W. J. (Ed.), Sociology and the public agenda (pp. 231-258). Newburg Park, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Griffith, J. (1998). The relation of school structure and social environment to parent involvement in elementary schools. Elementary School Journal, 99, 53-80. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hill, N., Taylor, L. (2004). Parental school involvement and children’s academic achievement: Pragmatics and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 161-164. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hoover-Dempsey, K., Sandler, H. (1995). Parental involvement in children’s education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record, 97, 310-331. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Jung, S. (2007). Understanding racial-ethnic disparities in internal school suspension and identifying compensatory and protective factors. Dissertation Abstracts International. A, The Humanities and Social Sciences, 67, 2753-2910. Google Scholar | |
|
Kerbow, D., Bernhardt, A. (1993). Parental involvement in the school: The context of minority involvement. In. B. Schneider & J. Coleman (Eds.), Parents, their children, and schools (pp. 115-146). Boulder, CO: Westview. Google Scholar | |
|
Koonce, D., Harper, W. (2005). Engaging African American parents in the schools: A community-based consultation model. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 16, 55-74. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kozol, J. (1992). Savage inequalities: Children in America’s schools. New York, NY: Harper Collins. Google Scholar | |
|
Kupchik, A. (2010). Homeroom security: School discipline in the age of fear. New York, NY: NYU Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lareau, A., Horvat, E. (1999). Moments of social inclusion and exclusion: Race, class, and the cultural capital in family-school relationships. Sociology of Education, 72, 37-53. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lee, V. E., Smith, J. B. (1997). High school size: Which works best, and for whom? Education Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 19, 205-227. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Muller, C. (1998). Gender differences in parental involvement and adolescents’ mathematics achievement. Sociology of Education, 71, 336-356. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Muller, C., Kerbow, D. (1993). Parent involvement in the home, school, and community. In Schneider, B., Coleman, J. (Eds.), Parents, their children, and schools (pp. 13-42). Boulder, CO: Westview. Google Scholar | |
|
Nolan, K. (2011). Police in the hallways: Discipline in an urban high school. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Peterson, R. L., Larson, J., Skiba, R. (2001). School violence prevention: Current status and policy recommendations. Law & Policy, 23, 345-371. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Reyes, A. (2006). Discipline, achievement, and race: Is zero tolerance the answer? Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education. Google Scholar | |
|
Schneider, B., Coleman, J. (1993). Parents, their children, and schools. Boulder, CO: Westview. Google Scholar | |
|
Sheldon, S., Epstein, J. (2002). Improving student behavior and school discipline with family and community involvement. Education and Urban Society, 35, 4-26. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Skiba, R. J., Michael, R. S., Nardo, A. C., Peterson, R. L. (2002). The color of discipline: Sources of racial and gender disproportionality in school punishment. The Urban Review, 34, 317-342. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Smith, J., Stern, K., Shatrova, Z. (2009). Factors inhibiting Hispanic parents’ school involvement. Rural Educator, 29, 8-13. Google Scholar | |
|
Steinberg, L., Brown, B., Dornbusch, S. (1996). Beyond the classroom: White school reform has failed and what parents need to do. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. Google Scholar | |
|
Townsend, B. (2000). The disproportionate discipline of African American learners: Reducing school suspensions and expulsions. Exceptional Children, 66, 381-391. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics . (2004). Education longitudinal study (ELS), 2002: Base year (ICPSR04275-v1). Washington, DC: Author [producer]. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2005-10-11. doi:10.3886/ICPSR04275.v1 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics . (2012). Indicators of school crime and safety: 2011 (NCES 2012-002). Washington, DC: Author. Google Scholar | |
|
Verdugo, R. (2002). Race-ethnicity, social class, and zero-tolerance policies: The cultural and structural wars. Education and Urban Society, 35, 50-76. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Walsh, P. (2010). Is parental involvement lower at larger schools? Economics of Education Review, 29, 959-968. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Warner, C. (2010). Emotional safeguarding: Exploring the nature of middle class parents’ school involvement. Sociological Forum, 25, 703-721. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Welch, K., Payne, A. (2010). Racial threat and punitive school discipline. Social Problems, 57, 25-48. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Williams, T., Kornblum-Williams, W. (1994). The uptown kids: Struggle and hope in the projects. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam. Google Scholar |
