While much has been written about preparing educational leaders to lead for social justice, much less has been written about how to do so. This study is one of the first to analyze the reflections and written assignments of aspiring administrators to determine what they are currently thinking about poverty, race/ethnicity, and social justice leadership and how that thinking is shaped throughout one course. Results indicate that students were variable in their individual reflections, but that assignments, which required them to analyze the inequities in their schools and develop an implementation plan, led all of these aspiring administrators to seek to redress those inequities. The article discusses implications for other programs, which prepare educational leaders.

Adams, M., Bell, L. A., Griffin, P. (1997). Teaching for diversity and social justice: A sourcebook. New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Anfara, V. A., Brown, K. M., Mangione, T. L. (2002). Qualitative analysis on stage: Making the research process more public. Educational Researcher, 31(7), 28-38.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bankston, C., Caldas, S. J. (1996). Majority African American schools and social injustice: The influence of de facto segregation on academic achievement. Social Forces, 75, 535-555.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bell, L. A., Griffin, P. (1997). Designing social justice education courses. In Adams, M., Bell, L. A., Griffin, P. (Eds.), Teaching for diversity and social justice: A sourcebook (pp. 44-58). New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Berliner, D. C. (2006). Our impoverished view of educational research. Teachers College Record, 108, 949-995.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bomer, R., Dworin, J. E., May, L., Semingson, P. (2008). Miseducating teachers about the poor: A critical analysis of ruby Payne’s claims about poverty. Teachers College Record, 110, 2497-2531.
Google Scholar | ISI
Brantlinger, E. (1995). Social class in school: Students’ perspectives. Phi Delta Kappan Research Bulletin, 14, 1-4.
Google Scholar
Brown, K. M. (2004a). Assessing preservice leaders’ beliefs, attitudes, and values regarding issues of diversity, social justice, and equity: A review of existing measures. Equity & Excellence in Education, 37, 332-342.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Brown, K. M. (2004b). Leadership for social justice and equity: Weaving a transformative framework and pedagogy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40, 77-108.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Brown, K. M. (2006). Leadership for social justice and equity: Weaving a transformative framework and andragogy. Educational Administration Quarterly, 42, 700-745.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Bruner, D. Y. (2008). Aspiring and practicing leaders addressing issues of diversity and social justice. Race Ethnicity and Education, 11, 483-500.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Cambron-McCabe, N., McCarthy, M. M. (2005). Educating school leaders for social justice. Education Policy, 19, 201-222.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Capper, C. A., Frattura, E. M., Keyes, M. W. (2000). Meeting the needs of students of all abilities: How leaders go beyond inclusion. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Capper, C. A., Young, M. D. (2014). Ironies and limitations of educational leadership for social justice: A call to social justice educators. Theory Into Practice, 53, 158-164. doi:10.1080/00405841.2014.885814
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Cochran-Smith, M. (1995). Color blindness and basket making are not the answers: Confronting the dilemmas of race, culture, and language diversity in teacher education. American Educational Research Journal, 32, 493-522.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Coleman, J. S. (1987). Families and schools. Educational Researcher, 16, 32-38.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Coutinho, M. J., Oswald, D. P. (2000). Disproportionate representation in special education: A synthesis and recommendations. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9, 135-156.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Edler, J., Irons, B. (2002). Distancing behaviors often used by white people. In Lee, E., Menkart, D., Okazawa-Rey, M. (Eds.), Beyond heroes and holidays: A practical guide to k-12 anti-racist, multicultural education and staff development (p. 113). Washington, DC: Teaching for Change.
Google Scholar
Entwisle, D. R., Alexander, K. L. (1992). Summer setback: Race, poverty, school composition, and mathematics achievement in the first two years of school. American Sociological Review, 57, 72-84.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Farkas, G. (2003). Racial disparities and discrimination in education: What do we know, how do we know it, and what do we need to know? Teachers College Record, 105, 1119-1146.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Fry, R. (2006). The changing landscape of American public education: New students, new schools. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center.
Google Scholar
Fullan, M. (2003). The moral imperative of school leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Garmon, M. A. (2005). Six key factors for changing preservice teachers’ attitudes/beliefs about diversity. Educational Studies: A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association, 38, 275-286.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Goldring, E., Greenfield, W. (2002). Understanding the evolving concept of leadership in education: Roles, expectations, and dilemmas. In Murphy, J. (Ed.), The educational leadership challenge: Redefining leadership for the 21st century: One hundred-first yearbook of the national society for the study of education (pp. 1-19). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Gorski, P. C. (2006, February 9). The classist underpinnings of ruby Payne’s framework. Teachers College Record. Retrieved from http://www.tcrecord.org/content.asp?contentid=12322
Google Scholar
Grogan, M., Andrews, R. (2002). Defining preparation and professional development for the future. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38, 233-256.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Hackman, H. W. (2005). Five essential components for social justice education. Equity & Excellence in Education, 38, 103-109.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Hafner, M. M. (2006). Teaching strategies for developing leaders for social justice. In Marshall, C., Oliva, M. (Eds.), Leadership for social justice: Making revolutions in education (pp. 167-193). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Google Scholar
Halle, T., Forry, N., Hair, E., Perper, K., Wandner, L., Wessel, J., Vick, J. (2009). Disparities in early learning and development: Lessons from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth cohort (ECLS-B). Washington, DC: Child Trends.
Google Scholar
Harris, D., Herrington, C. (2006). Accountability, standards, and the growing achievement gap: Lessons from the past half-century. American Journal of Education, 112, 209-238.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Jencks, C., Phillips, M. (1998). The black-white test score gap. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Google Scholar
Johnson, L. (2002). “My eyes have been opened”: White teachers and racial awareness. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 153-167.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Johnson, R. S. (2002). Using data to close the achievement gap: How to measure equity in our schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Kingston, P. W., Hubbard, R., Lapp, B., Schroeder, P., Wilson, J. (2003). Why education matters. Sociology of Education, 76, 53-70.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Kozol, J. (1991). Savage inequalities: Children in America’s schools. New York, NY: Crown.
Google Scholar
Kyles, C. R., Olafson, L. (2008). Uncovering preservice teachers’ beliefs about diversity through reflective writing. Urban Education, 43, 500-518.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Ladson-Billings, G. (1994). The dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of African American children. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). But that’s just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory Into Practice, 34(3), 159-165.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Lawrence, S., Tatum, B. D. (2002). White racial identity and anti-racist education: A catalyst for change (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Teaching for Change.
Google Scholar
Lee, I. (2008). Fostering preservice reflection through response journals. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35, 117-139.
Google Scholar
Lyman, L. L., Villani, C. J. (2002). The complexity of poverty: A missing component of educational leadership programs. Journal of School Leadership, 12, 246-280.
Google Scholar
Marshall, C. (2004). Social justice challenges to educational administration: Introduction to a special issue. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40, 3-13.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D., Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Google Scholar
McIntosh, P. (1992). White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondence through work win women’s studies. In Anderson, M. L., Collins, P. H. (Eds.), Race, class and gender: An anthology (pp. 70-81). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Google Scholar
McKenzie, K. B., Christman, D., Fierro, E., Capper, C. A., Dantley, M., . . . Scheurich, J. J. (2008). From the field: A proposal for educating leaders for social justice. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44, 111-138.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education, 74, 5-12.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Mezirow, J. (1998). On critical reflection. Adult Education Quarterly, 48, 185-199.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Milner, H. R. (2003). Reflection, racial competence, and critical pedagogy: How do we prepare pre-service teachers to pose tough questions? Race Ethnicity and Education, 6, 193-208.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Milner, H. R. (2010). Start where you are, but don’t stay there: Understanding diversity, opportunity gaps, and teaching in today’s classrooms. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
Google Scholar
Miner, B. (2000/2001). Diversity vs. white privilege: An interview with Christine Sleeter. Rethinking Schools, 15(2). Reprinted in Rethinking Multicultural Education (Ed. Au, W. ). Rethinking Schools, 2009, pp. 37-44.
Google Scholar
Munoz, M. A., Dossett, D. (2001). Equity and excellence: The effect of school and sociodemographic variables on student achievement. Journal of School Leadership, 11, 120-134.
Google Scholar
Murphy, J. (2002). Reculturing the profession of educational leadership: New blueprints. Educational Administration Quarterly, 38, 176-191.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Nagda, B. R. A., Gurin, P., Lopez, G. E. (2003). Transformative pedagogy for democracy and social justice. Race Ethnicity and Education, 6, 165-191.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Orfield, G. (2001). Schools more separate: Consequences of a decade of resegregation. Cambridge, MA: The Civil Rights Project of Harvard University.
Google Scholar
Osei-Kofi, N. (2005). Pathologizing the poor: A framework for understanding ruby Payne’s work. Equity & Excellence in Education, 38, 367-375.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Osterman, K. F., Kottkamp, R. B. (1993). Reflective practice for educators: Improving schooling through professional development. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Parcel, T. L., Dufur, M. J. (2001). Capital at home and at school: Effects on student achievement. Social Forces, 79, 881-911.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Payne, R. K. (2001). A framework for understanding poverty (New Rev. ed.). Highlands, TX: aha! Process.
Google Scholar
Payne, R. K. (2005). A framework for understanding poverty (4th ed.). Highlands, TX: aha! Process.
Google Scholar
Pew Charitable Trusts . (2009). The rapid growth and changing complexion of suburban public schools. Washington, DC: Author.
Google Scholar
Pounder, D., Reitzug, U., Young, M. D. (2002). Preparing school leaders for school improvement, social justice, and community. In Murphy, J. (Ed.), The educational leadership challenge: Redefining leadership for the 21st century (pp. 261-288). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ridenour, C. S. (2004). Finding the horizon: Education administration students paint a landscape of cultural diversity in schools. Journal of School Leadership, 14, 4-31.
Google Scholar
Riester, A., Pursch, V., Skrla, L. (2002). Principals for social justice: Leaders of school success for children from low-income homes. Journal of School Leadership, 12, 281-304.
Google Scholar
San Antonio, D. M . (2004). Adolescent lives in transition: How social class influences the adjustment to middle school. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Scheurich, J. J. (1998). Highly successful and loving, public elementary schools populated mainly by low-SES children of color: Core beliefs and cultural characteristics. Urban Education, 33, 451-491.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Scheurich, J. J., Skrla, L. (2003). Leadership for equity and excellence: Creating high-achievement classrooms, schools, and districts. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Scheurich, J. J., Skrla, L., Johnson, J. (2000). Thinking carefully about equity and accountability. Phi Delta Kappan, 88, 293-299.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Google Scholar
Sergiovanni, T. J. (1992). Moral leadership: Getting to the heart of school improvement. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Sherman, W. H., Grogan, M. (2003). Superintendents’ responses to the achievement gap: An ethical critique. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 6, 223-237.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Singham, M. (1998). The canary in the mine. Phi Delta Kappan, 80, 9-15.
Google Scholar | ISI
Sirin, S. (2005). Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: A meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research, 75, 417-453.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Skrla, L., Scheurich, J. J., Garcia, J., Nolly, G. (2004). Equity audits: A practical leadership tool for developing equitable and excellent schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40, 133-161.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Sleeter, C. E. (2000/2001). Diversity vs. White privilege. Rethinking Schools, 15. 37-44.
Google Scholar
Smith-Maddox, R., Wheelock, A. (1995). Untracking and students’ futures. Phi Delta Kappan, 77, 222-228.
Google Scholar | ISI
State Data Center of Iowa & Iowa Office of Latino Affairs . (2013). Latinos in Iowa: 2013. Des Moines, IA: State Data Center.
Google Scholar
Steffy, B. E., Wolfe, M. P. (1997). The life cycle of the career teacher: Maintaining excellence for a lifetime. West Lafayette, IN: Kappa Delta Pi.
Google Scholar
Stevenson, H. P. (2007). A case study in leading schools for social justice: When morals and markets collide. Journal of Educational Administration, 45, 769-781.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Theoharis, G. (2007). Social justice educational leaders and resistance: Toward a theory of social justice leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43, 221-258.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
U.S. Census Bureau . (2001). Statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, DC: Author.
Google Scholar
Vanneman, A., Hamilton, L., Anderson, J. B., Rahman, T. (2009). Achievement gaps: How Black and White students in public schools perform in mathematics and reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics Institute of Education Sciences.
Google Scholar
Young, M. D., Laible, J. (2000). White racism, anti-racism, and school leadership preparation. Journal of School Leadership, 10, 374-415.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

EUS-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in:

Related Articles

Citing articles: 0