Abstract
Due to the complexity of agroecological studies and contexts, some agroecology educators are seeking to innovate in their pedagogical approach and course design. Through action research enquiries, “action education” innovations are being developed which not only shift and explore new approaches to the learning process, but also shift the relationships and dynamics between students and faculty, between learners and practitioners, and between people and place. Action enquiry has revealed a “learning-doing” gap that agroecology educators identify as an unintended consequence of lecture-based, and theory dominant, pedagogies. A critical stance to epistemological and ontological aspects of their approach would further enhance these innovative educational initiatives.
|
Altieri, M. A., Hecht, S., Liebman, M., Magdoff, F., Norgaard, R., Sikor, T. O. (1996). Agroecology: The science of sustainable agriculture, Agroforestry systems (2nd ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Bortoft, H. (1996). The wholeness of nature: Goethe’s way of science. New York, NY: Lindisfarne Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Bruner, J. (1997). The culture of education (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Burbuagh, B., Drape, T., Westfall-Rudd, D. (2014). A descriptive account of factors affecting student satisfaction in an online master’s degree in agriculture and life sciences. NACTA Journal, 58, 341-348. Google Scholar | |
|
Code, J. M. (2011). The art of knowing: Epistemological implications for a schooling of the imagination. Waldorf Research Institute, 16(2), 39-52. Retrieved from http://www.waldorfresearchinstitute.org/pdf/The-Art-of-Knowing.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Code, J. M. (2014). Muck and mind: Encountering biodynamic agriculture (1st ed.). Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Code, J. M. (2018). Thinking like a plant. In Wright, J.. (Eds.), Designing the world we want: Permaculture perspectives 2015. Reclaiming Diversity and Citizenship Series. Coventry University. Google Scholar | |
|
Code, J. M. (2018). Alternative agriculture. In Zeunert, J., Waterman, T. (Eds.), The Routledge companion to landscape and food. Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Deloria, V. (1999). Spirit and reason: The Vine Deloria Jr. reader. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Francis, C. A., Jordan, N., Porter, P., Breland, T. A., Lieblein, G., Salomonsson, L., . . . Langer, V. (2011). Innovative education in agroecology: Experiential learning for a sustainable agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 30, 226-237. Google Scholar | |
|
Francis, C. A., Lieblein, G., Gliessman, S., Breland, T. A., Creamer, N., Harwood, R., . . . Poincelot, R. (2003). Agroecology: The ecology of food systems. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 22, 99-118. Google Scholar | |
|
Francis, C. A., Lieblein, G., Helenius, J., Salomonsson, L., Olsen, H., Porter, J. (2001). Challenges in designing ecological agriculture education: A Nordic perspective on change. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 16, 89-95. Google Scholar | |
|
Kalmus, P. (2017). Why science can’t be silent. Retrieved from http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/science/to-my-fellow-climate-scientists-be-human-be-brave-tell-the-truth-20170207 Google Scholar | |
|
Lave, J., Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation (Learning in Doing: Social, Cognitive and Computational Perspectives). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Lieblein, G., Breland, T. A., Francis, C., Østergaard, E. (2012). Agroecology education: Action-oriented learning and research. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 18, 27-40. Google Scholar | |
|
Lieblein, G., Østergaard, E., Francis, C. (2004). Becoming an agroecologist through action education. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 2, 147-153. Google Scholar | |
|
McAteer, M. (2013). Bera/sage Research Methods in Education: Action research in education. London: Sage Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781473913967 Google Scholar | |
|
Nicolescu, B. (2002). Manifesto of transdisciplinarity (1st ed.). New York: State University of New York Press. Google Scholar | |
|
O’Brien, B. (2002, June). Online student retention: Can it be done? World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, Denver, CO, pp. 1-6. Google Scholar | |
|
Oliver, D., Gershman, K. W. (1989). Education, modernity and fractured meaning. New York: State University of New York Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Østergaard, E., Lieblein, G., Breland, T. A., Francis, C. (2010). Students learning agroecology: Phenomenon-based education for responsible action. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 16, 23-37. Google Scholar | |
|
Palmer, P., Zajonc, A., Scribner, M. (2010). The heart of higher education: A call to renewal. San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Peat, D. (2005). Blackfoot physics. Boston, MA: Weiser Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Pfeffer, J. (1998). The human equation: Building profits by putting people first. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Porter, P. M., Runck, B. C., Brakke, M. P., Wagner, M. (2015). Agroecology education by bicycle on two continents: Student perceptions and instructor reflections. Natural Sciences Education, 44, 69-78. Google Scholar | |
|
Schumacher, E. F. (2015). A guide for the perplexed (Reissue ed.). London: Random House Harper Perennial. Google Scholar | |
|
Taylor, C. (2010). Crisis on campus: A bold plan for reforming our colleges and universities. New York, NY: Knopf. Google Scholar | |
|
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development . (2013). Trade and environment review: Wake up before it is too late. United Nations Publications. Retrieved from http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcted2012d3_en.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Wezel, A., Bellon, S., Doré, T., Francis, C., Vallod, D., David, C. (2009). Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 29, 503-515. Google Scholar |

