Abstract
Despite the enthusiasm around social-emotional learning, the vast number of skills, dispositions, and attitudes we hope to infuse into students will overwhelm even the most ambitious schools. However, a single core capacity underlies a great many social-emotional learning outcomes: social perspective taking. Recent research on this process of “reading” others — figuring out their thoughts, feelings, and motivations — suggests that we now know enough to teach this capacity to students. By helping youth engage in this process regularly as “detectives” rather than “judges” and providing them with feedback, a constellation of social-emotional learnings will blossom.
|
Ames, D. (2004). Inside the mind-reader’s toolkit: Projection and stereotyping in mental state inference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87 (3), 340–353. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Baker, E.L., Barton, P.E., Darling-Hammond, L., Haertel, E., Ladd, H.F., Linn, R.L., Ravitch, D., Rothstein, R., Shavelson, R., Shepard, L.A. (2010). Problems with the use of student test scores to evaluate teachers. EPI Briefing Paper #278. www.epi.org/publication/bp278 Google Scholar | |
|
Berliner, D.C. (2013). Effects of inequality and poverty vs. teachers and schooling on America’s youth. Teachers College Record, 115 (12). Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Bock, L. (2015). Work rules!: Insights from inside Google that will transform how you live and lead. New York, NY: Twelve. Google Scholar | |
|
Galinsky, A.D., Moskowitz, G.B. (2000). Perspective taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 708–724. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Gehlbach, H., Brinkworth, M.E., Harris, A.D. (2012). Changes in teacher-student relationships. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 690–704. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Gehlbach, H., Brinkworth, M.E., Wang, M.-T. (2012). The social perspective-taking process: What motivates individuals to take another’s perspective? Teachers College Record, 114 (1), 197–225. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Gehlbach, H., Marietta, G., King, A., Karutz, C., Bailenson, J.N., Dede, C. (2015). Many ways to walk a mile in another’s moccasins: Type of social perspective taking and its effect on negotiation outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 523–532. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Johnson, D.W. (1975). Cooperativeness and social perspective taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 241–244. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Klein, K.J.K., Hodges, S.D. (2001). Gender differences, motivation, and empathic accuracy: When it pays to understand. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (6), 720–730. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Koedinger, K.R., Booth, J.L., Klahr, D. (2013). Instructional complexity and the science to constrain it. Science, 342 (6161), 935–937. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lord, C.G., Lepper, M.R., Preston, E. (1984). Considering the opposite: A corrective strategy for social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47 (6), 1231–1243. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Marangoni, C., Garcia, S., Ickes, W., Teng, G. (1995). Empathic accuracy in a clinically relevant setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68 (5), 854–869. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Paunesku, D., Walton, G.M., Romero, C., Smith, E.N., Yeager, D.S., Dweck, C.S. (2015). Mind-set interventions are a scalable treatment for academic underachievement. Psychological Science, 26 (6), 784–793. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Richardson, D.R., Green, L.R., Lago, T. (1998). The relationship between perspective taking and nonaggressive responding in the face of an attack. Journal of Personality, 66 (2), 235–256. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Riley, N.S. (2009, 11 13). America’s top college professor. The Wall Street Journal. http://bit.ly/topprof Google Scholar | |
|
Wentzel, K.R. (1991). Relations between social competence and academic achievement in early adolescence. Child Development, 62 (5), 1066–1078. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |

