The purpose of this study was to explore significant variables predicting adolescent suicidal attempts. Socio-environmental variables such as gender, school record, school grade, school adaptation, and family intimacy together with intra-individual variables including depression, anxiety, delinquency, stress, and self-esteem were considered as candidates. Data from 1481 adolescents were collected from Korea National Youth Policy Institute. For statistical analyses, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed. Results of hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school grade, depression, delinquent, stress, and family intimacy were significant predictors of suicidal attempts of adolescents. Among those, the most powerful predictor was depression, and the second was delinquency. Classification accuracy by the model of our study was 87.6%. Implications and limitations of present study and suggestions for future study were discussed.

Adrian, A. E., Jane, C., Elizabeth, M. Z. F., Barbara, J. B., Alaattin, E. (1999) Impaired but undiagnosed. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38(2): 129137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199902000-00011.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Ahn, J. H., Han, C. S., Woo, J. M., Kim, G. M. (2012) A study on Korean psychiatric disorder research: Depression and suicide, Seoul: National Evidence-based Collaborating Agency.
Google Scholar
Ang, R. P., Huan, V. S. (2006) Relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation: Testing for depression as a mediator using multiple regression. Child Psychiatry Human Development 37(2): 133143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-006-0023-8.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Apter, A., Horesh, N., Gothelf, D., Zalsman, G., Erlich, Z., Soreni, N., Weizman, A. (2003) Depression and suicidal behavior in adolescent inpatients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 75(2): 181189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00038-1.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Barns, H. L., Olson, D. H. (1985) Parent–adolescent communication and the circumplex model. Child Development 56(2): 438447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1129732.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bearman, P. S., Moody, J. (2004) Suicide and friendships among American adolescents. American Journal of Public Health 94(1): 8995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.1.89.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Beck., A. T. (1961). Systematic investigation of depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2(3), 163–170.
Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893–897.
Google Scholar
Bostik, K. E., Everall, R. D. (2007) Healing from suicide: Adolescent perceptions of attachment relationships. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling 35(1): 7996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069880601106815.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bower, T. W. (2006) The development of risk-taking: A multi-perspective review. Developmental Review 26(3): 291345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2006.05.002.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bozzay, M. L., Liu, R. T., Kleiman, E. M. (2014) Gender and age differences in suicide mortality in the context of violent death: Findings from a multi-state population-based surveillance system. Comprehensive Psychiatry 55(5): 10771084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.017.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Brent, D. A. (1987) Correlates of medical lethality of suicide attempts in children and adolescents. Journal of the American of Child Psychiatry 26: 8789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198701000-00017.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Moritz, G., Baugher, M., Roth, C., Balach, L., Schweers, J. (1993) Stressful life events, psychopathology, and adolescent suicide: A case control study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 23(3): 179187. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.1993.tb00178.x.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Brooks, T. L., Harris, S. K., Thrall, J. S., Woods, E. R. (2002) Association of adolescent risk behaviors with mental health symptoms in high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health 31(3): 240246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00385-3.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Chioqueta, A. P., Stiles, T. C. (2005) Personality traits and the development of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Personality and Individual Differences 38(6): 12831291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.010.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Choi, E. J. (2013). Service system development for adolescent mental health. Health and welfare policy forum, 201, 61–70.
Google Scholar
Choi, W. K & Park, K. S. (2012). The international comparative research about cause and prevention of adolescent suicide. Korea National Youth Policy Institure.
Google Scholar
Chung, H. K., Ahn, O. H., Kim, K. H. (2003) Predicting factors on youth suicide impulse. Korean Journal of Youth Studies 10(2): 107126.
Google Scholar
Chung, I. J., Park, J. Y., & Kim, E. Y. (2010). Factors predicting suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts of school youth and out-of-school youth. Mental Health & Social Work, 34, 222–251.
Google Scholar
Costello, A., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M. (1996). Psychopathology in the offspring of anxiety disorders patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 229–235.
Google Scholar
Dean, P., Range, L. M., Goggin, W. C. (1996) The escape theory of suicide in college students: Testing a model that includes perfectionism. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 26(2): 181186. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.1996.tb00829.x.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Erickson, E. H. (1993) Childhood and society, New York, NY: Norton and Company.
Google Scholar
Emery, R. E. (1982) Interparental conflict and children of discord and divorce. Psychological Bulletin 92: 310330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.2.310.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Lynskey, M. T. (1993) Prevalence and comorbidity of DSM-III-R diagnoses in a birth cohort of 15 year olds. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 32(6): 11271134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199311000-00004.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Gill-Planas, M., Roca-Bennasar, M., Ferrer-Perez, V., Bernardo-Arroyo, M. (2001) Suicidal ideation, psychiatric disorder, and medical illness in a community epidemiological study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 31(2): 207213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.31.2.207.21508.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Goldston, D. B., Daniel, S. S., Reboussion, B. A., Reboussion, D. M., Frazier, P. H., Harris, A. E. (2001) Cognitive risk factors and suicide attempts among formerly hospitalized adolescents: A prospective naturalistic study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40(1): 9199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200101000-00021.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Goodwin, R. D., Hamilton, S. P. (2003) Lifetime comorbidity of antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorders among adults in the community. Psychiatry Research 117(2): 159166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(02)00320-7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Gonzallez, R., & Campbell L. E. (1987). Ongoing post- divorce conflict and child disturbance. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310–330.
Google Scholar
Gould, M. S., Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Garfinkel, R. (1998) Separation/divorce and child and adolescent completed suicide. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37(2): 155162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199802000-00007.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Grøholt, B., Ekeberg, Ø., Wichstrøm, L., Haldorsen, T. (2000) Young suicide attempters: A comparison between a clinical and an epidemiological sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 39(7): 868875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200007000-00015.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Hawton, K., Heeringen, K. V. (2009) Suicide. The Lancet 373(9672): 13721381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Hawton, A., Osborn, M., O’ Grady, J., Cole, D. (1982) Classification of adolescents who take overdoses. British Journal of Psychiatry 140: 124131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.140.2.124.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Kataoks, S. H., Zima, B. T., Dupre, D. A., Moreno, K. A., Yang, X., McCracken, J. T. (2001) Mental health problems and service use among female juvenile offenders: Their relationship to criminal history. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40: 549555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200105000-00014.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Kelly, T. M., Lynch, K. G., Donovan, J. E., Clark, D. B. (2001) Alcohol use disorders and risk factor interactions for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 31(2): 181193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/suli.31.2.181.21512.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Kim, C. K. (1988). The way of carrer guidance for suicidal prevention and treatment. The Adolescent, 43, 40–46.
Google Scholar
King, C. A., Segal, H. G., Naylor, M., Evans, T. (1993) Family functioning and suicidal behavior in adolescent inpatients with mood disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 32(6): 11981206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199311000-00013.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
King, R. A., Schwab-Stone, M., Flisher, A. J., Greenwald, S., Kramer, R. A., Goodman, S. H. (2001) Psychosocial and risk behavior correlates of youth suicide attempts and suicidal ideation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 40(7): 837846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200107000-00019.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Klerman, G. L. (1987) Clinical epidemiology of suicide. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 48: 3338.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Kuperminc, G. P., Leadbeater, B. J., Blatt, S. J. (2001) School social climate and individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology among middle school students. Journal of School Psychology 39(2): 141159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(01)00059-0.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Lee, S. H., & Song, J. Y. (1991). A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D scales. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 98–113.
Google Scholar
Lee, C. S., Kweon, Y. R., & Kim, S. J. (2007). The impact of school bullying victim and depression on suicidal ideation of middle school students. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 16, 32–40.
Google Scholar
Lee, S. Y., Hong, J. S., Espelage, D. L. (2010) An ecological understanding of youth suicide in South Korea. School Psychology International 31(5): 531546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034310382724.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R. (1994) Psychosocial risk factors for future adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62(2): 297305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.297.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R. (1996) Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 3(1): 2546. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00056.x.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Macleod, A. K., Williams, J. M. G., Linehan, M. M. (1992) New developments in the understanding and treatment of suicidal behaviour. Behavioural Psychotherapy 20(3): 193218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0141347300017201.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
MacLeod, A. K., & Byrne, A. (1997). Attributions and accessibility of explanations for future events in anxiety and depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 505–520.
Google Scholar
MacLeod, L., & MacLeod, G. (1988). Control cognitions and psychological disturbance in people with contrasting physically disabling conditions. Disability and Rehabilitation, 20(12), 448–456.
Google Scholar
Meneese, W. B., Yutrzenka, B. A. (1990) Correlates of suicidal ideation among rural adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 20(3): 206212. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.1990.tb00105.x.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Moscicki, E. K. (1994) Gender differences in completed and attempted suicides. Annals of Epidemiology 4(2): 152158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(94)90062-0.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Moscicki, E. K. (1997) Identification of suicide risk factors using epidemiologic studies. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 20(3): 499517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70327-0.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Murphy, G. E., Wetzel, R. D. (1982) Family history of suicidal behavior among suicide attempters. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 170(2): 8690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198202000-00004.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Myers, W. C., Burket, R. C., Lyles, W. B., Stone, L., Kemph, J. P. (1990) DSM-III diagnoses and offenses in committed female juvenile delinquents. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 18(1): 4754.
Google Scholar | Medline
Neblett, N. G., Cortina, K. S. (2006) Adolescents’ thoughts about parent’s jobs and their importance for adolescents’ future orientation. Journal of Adolescence 29(5): 795811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.11.006.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
O’Connor, R. C. (2003) Suicidal behavior as a cry of pain: Test of a psychological model. Archives of Suicide Research 7: 297308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713848941.
Google Scholar | Crossref
O’Connor, R. C., Fraser, L., Whyte, M. C., MacHale, S., Masterton, G. (2008) A comparison of specific positive future expectancies and global hopelessness as predictors of suicidal ideation in a prospective study of repeat self-harmers. Journal of Affective Disorder 110(3): 207214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.008.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
O'Connor, R. C., Connery, H., & Cheyne, W. M. (2000). Hopelessness: The role of depression, future directed thinking and cognitive vulnerability. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 5(2), 155–161.
Google Scholar
O'Connor, R. C., O'Connor, D. B., O'Connor, S. M, Smallwood, J., & Miles, J. (2004). Hopelessness, stress, and perfectionism: The moderating effects of future thinking. Cognition and Emotion, 18(8), 1099–1120.
Google Scholar
O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G. (1983) Self-esteem: Change and stability between ages 13 and 23. Development Psychology 19: 257268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.19.2.257.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Oh, S. G., Yang, K. M., Kwon, D. S., Jeon, M. K., Cho, D. Y., Kim, H. Y., Han, J. Y. (2006) Management status of after school activity and improvement plan. Korea Institute for Youth Development 3: 1753.
Google Scholar
Pajer, K. A. (1998) What happens to bad girls? A review of the adult outcomes of antisocial adolescent girls. American Journal of Psychiatry 155(7): 862870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.7.862.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Park, B. K. (2006) Exploratory study of eco-system factors on adolescents’ suicidal ideation. Journal of Community Welfare 26(1): 399403.
Google Scholar
Park, E. O. (2008) The influencing factors on suicide attempt among adolescents in south Korea. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 38(3): 465473.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Park, K. (2004) The moderating and mediating effects of self-esteem and hopelessness of adolescents on the relationship between negative stress and suicidal ideation. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling 12(2): 96106.
Google Scholar
Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Brown, M. M. (1988). Early family experience, social problem solving patterns, and children's social competence. Child Development, 59(1), 107–120.
Google Scholar
Pfeffer, C. R., Conte, H. R., Plutchik, R., Jerrett, I. (1979) Suicidal behavior in latency-age children: An empirical study. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 18(4): 679692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-7138(09)62215-9.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Raposo, S., El-Gabalawy, R., Erickson, J., Mackenzie, C. S., Sareen, J. (2014) Associations between anxiety disorders, suicide ideation, and age in nationally representative samples of Canadian and American adults. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 28(8): 823829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.005.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Reinherz, H. Z., Giaconia, R. M., Silverman, A. B., Friedman, A., Pakiz, B., Frost, A. K. (1995) Early psychosocial risks for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 34(5): 599611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199505000-00012.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Renaud, J., Brent, D. A., Birmaher, B., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J. (1999) Suicide in adolescents with disruptive disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 38(7): 846851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199907000-00014.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-image. Princeton, NJ: University Press.
Google Scholar
Ruchkin, V. V., Schwab-Stone, M., Koposov, R. A., Vermeiren, R., King, R. A. (2003) Suicidal ideations and attempts in juvenile delinquents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44(7): 10581066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00190.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Sands, R. G., Dixon, S. L. (1986) Adolescent crisis and suicidal behavior: Dynamics and treatment. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 3(2): 109122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00757218.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Shaffer, D., Gould, M. S., Fisher, P., Trautman, P., Moreau, D., Kleinman, M., Flory, M. (1996) Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry 53(4): 339348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830040075012.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Sharifian, M. S., Lavasani, M. G., Ejei, J., Taremian, F., Amrai, K. (2011) The relationship among classroom community, attitude toward parents, anxiety disorders and depression with adolescent suicide probability. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences 15: 520525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.134.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Shneidman, T. (1987) Adolescents suicide. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 48: 5563.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Sudak, H. S., Ford, A. B., Rush, N. B. (1984) Adolescent suicide: An overview. American Journal of Psychotherapy 38: 350363.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Thompson, M. P., Ho, C. H., Kingree, J. B. (2007) Prospective associations between delinquency and suicidal behaviors in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Adolescent Health 40(3): 232237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.016.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Windle, M., & Miller-Tutzauer, C. (1992). Confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity of the perceived social support-family measure among adolescents. Journal of Marriage and Family, 54(4), 777–787.
Google Scholar
Woo, C. Y., Park, A. C., Jeong, H. H. (2010) The structural relationship among human relations, stress, depression and suicidal ideation of adolescents by fenders and level of school. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology 24(1): 1938.
Google Scholar
You, S. M., Lee, S. Y. (2008) Relationship of perceived stress, maladaptive perfectionism, suicidal ideation: Focusing on the moderating effects of social problem solving and attachment styles. The Korea Journal of School Psychology 5(2): 119136.
Google Scholar | Crossref

Author biographies

Ji Young Lee, MA, is a resident of Clinical Psychology at Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine in south Korea. Her research interests include positive psychological approach in suicide prevention, adolescent and college student suicide.

Sung-Man Bae, PhD, is an assistant professor of the department of counseling psychology at the Cyber University of Korea in Seoul, South Korea. He worked as a clinical psychologist and a clinical psychology professor (supervisor) at Ilsanpaik Hospital of the Inje University from 2007 to 2014. His interest includes causes and treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder and behavior addictions, such as internet, game, smartphone, and SNS addiction.

View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

SPI-article-ppv for $36.00