Abstract
The introductory article to this special edition of School Psychology International, “Using Children’s Literature to Strengthen Social and Emotional Learning,” describes the need for a broader base of support for children’s mental health needs. Both nationally and internationally, the limited number of mental health professionals demands alternative options for the delivery of mental health services. Schools are recommended as one proposed venue for providing these services to children and youth. As such, teachers need easy-to-use basic information about mental health resources that are viable, yet rely on minimal professional support and supervision. One option is bibliotherapy, using books and stories to support social emotional needs. From the mental health perspective of both prevention and intervention, bibliotherapy is proposed not just as a professional’s therapeutic tool, but also as a layman’s resource to address students’ basic social emotional needs. We offer resources from a website that includes basic bibliotherapy lesson plans, posters, activities, and video clips—all centered on the five foundational competencies identified by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). This website [http://education.byu.edu/sociallearning] is geared to educators and mental health professionals who work with elementary school children, ages 5–11.
| Abu-Hussain, J. (2016) The role of bibliotherapy in reduction of violence in Arab schools in Israel. American Journal of Educational Research 4(10): 725–730. doi: 10.12691/education-4-10-3. Google Scholar | |
| Alvord, M. K., Zuker, B., Grados, J. J. (2011) Resilience builder program for children and adolescents: Enhancing social competence and self-regulation, Champaign, IL: Research Press. Google Scholar | |
| Andrade, L. H., Alonso, J., Mneimneh, Z., Wells, J. E., Al-Hamzawi, A., Borges, G., Kessler, R. C. (2014, April) Barriers to mental health treatment: Results from the WHO world mental health surveys. Psychological Medicine 44(6): 1303–1317. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713001943. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Atkins, M. S., Hoagwood, K. E., Kutash, K., Seidman, E. (2010) Toward the integration of education and mental health in schools. Administrative Policy and Mental Health 37: 40–47. doi: 10.1007/s10488-010-0299-7. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Betzalel, N., & Shechtman, Z. (2017). The impact of bibliotherapy superheroes on youth who experience parental absence. School Psychology International, 38(5), 473–490. Google Scholar | |
| Brewster, L. (2016) More benefit from a well-stocked library than a well-stocked pharmacy: How do readers use books as therapy? In: Rothbauer, P. M., Skjerdingstad, K. I., McKechnie, L., Oterholm, K. (eds) Plotting the reading experience: Theory/practice/politics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, pp. 179–194. Google Scholar | |
| Brymer, M., Taylor, M., Escudero, P., Jacobs, A., Kronenberg, M., Macy, R., Vogel, J. (2012) Psychological first aid for schools: Field operations guide, (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: National Child Traumatic Stress NetworkRetrieved from http://www.nctsn.org/content/psychological-first-aid-schoolspfa. Google Scholar | |
| Burns, B., & Hoagwood, K. (Eds.) (2002). Community treatment for youth: Evidence-based interventions for severe emotional and behavioral disorders. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
| Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., Beck, A. T. (2006) The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review 26: 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Cauce, A. M., Domenech Rodriguez, M. M., Paradise, M., Cochran, B. N., Shea, M., Srebnik, D., Baydar, N. (2002) Cultural and contextual influences in mental health help seeking: A focus on ethnic minority youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70(1): 44–55. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.44. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013, May 17) Mental health surveillance among children—United States, 2005-2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 60(2): 1–35. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6202a1.htm?s_cid=su6202a1_w. Google Scholar | Medline | |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, June 10). Youth risk behavior surveillance—United States, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 65(6), 1–174. Atlanta, GA: Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/2015/ss6506_updated.pdf. Google Scholar | |
| Clay, R. A. (2013) Mental health first aid. Monitor on Psychology 44(7): 32. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/07-08/first-aid.aspx. Google Scholar | |
| Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P. (2011) Supporting children with traumatic grief: What educators need to know. School Psychology International 32: 117–131. doi: 10.1177/0143034311400827. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning. (n.d.). What is social and emotional learning? Retrieved from http://www.casel.org/social-and-emotional-learning/. Google Scholar | |
| Collins, P. Y., Patel, V., Joestl, S. S., March, D., Insel, T. R., Daar, A. S., Walport, M. (2011, July 7) Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature 475(7354): 27–30. doi: 10.1038/475027a. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Corrigan, P. W. (2004) How stigma interferes with mental health care. American Psychologist 59(7): 614–625. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.7.614. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. B., Perlick, D. A. (2014) The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 15: 237–70. doi: 10.1177/1529100614531398. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Crothers, S. M. (1916, September). A literary clinic. Atlantic Monthly, 118(3), 291–301. Google Scholar | |
| Cummings, J. R., Wen, H., Druss, B. G. (2013) Improving access to mental health services for youth in the United States. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 309(6): 553–554. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.437. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Darling-Hammond, L., Wilhoit, G., Pittenger, L. (2014, August 18) Accountability for college and career readiness: Developing a new paradigm. Education Policy Analysis Archives 22(86): 1–38. doi: 10.14507/epaa.v22n86.2014. Google Scholar | |
| de Girolamo, G., Dagani, J., Purcell, R., Cocchi, A., McGorry, P. D. (2012) Age of onset of mental disorders and use of mental health services: Needs, opportunities and obstacles. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21(1): 47–57. doi: 10.1017/S2045796011000746. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Detlor, T. (2001) Teaching with Aesop’s fables, New York, NY: Scholastic Professional Books. Google Scholar | |
| Doll, B., Doll, C. (1997) Bibliotherapy with young people: Librarians and mental health professionals working together, Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited. Google Scholar | |
| Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., Schellinger, K. B. (2011) The impact of enhancing students' social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development 82(1): 405–432. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Education Commission of the States (ECS) (2003, April) Making the case for social and emotional learning and service-learning, Denver, CO: ECS. Google Scholar | |
| Elias, M. J. (Ed.). (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Google Scholar | |
| Elias, M. J., & Arnold, H. (Eds.). (2006). The educator’s guide to emotional intelligence and academic achievement: Social-emotional learning in the classroom. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Google Scholar | |
| Farley, R. (2016, September 29). House passes mental health first aid act. Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/cs/external/2016/09/house-passes-mental-health-first-aid-act/. Google Scholar | |
| Franklin, C. G. S., Kim, J. S., Ryan, T. N., Kelly, M. S., Montgomery, K. L. (2012) Teacher involvement in school mental health interventions: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services 34(5): 973–982. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.027. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
| Friedberg, R. D., Hoyman, L. C., Behar, S., Tabbarah, S., Pacholec, N. M., Keller, M., Thordarson, M. A. (2014) We’ve come a long way, baby! Evolution and revolution in CBT with youth. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 32: 4–14. doi: 10.1007/s10942-014-0178-3. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
| Garland, A. F., Lau, A. S., Yeh, M., McCabe, K. M., Hough, R. L., Landsverk, J. A. (2005) Racial and ethnic differences in utilization of mental health services among high-risk youths. American Journal of Psychiatry 162: 1336–1343. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1336. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Goldstein, A. P., McGinnis, E. (1990) Skillstreaming in early childhood: Teaching prosocial skills to the preschool and kindergarten child, Champaign, IL: Research Press. Google Scholar | |
| Haven, K. F. (2007) Story proof: The science behind the startling power of story, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. Google Scholar | |
| Heath, C., Heath, D. (2008) Made to stick: Why some ideas survive and others die, New York, NY: Random House. Google Scholar | |
| Heath, M. A., Nickerson, A. B., Annandale, N., Kemple, A., Dean, B. (2009) Strengthening cultural sensitivity in children’s disaster mental health services. School Psychology International 30(4): 347–373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034309106944. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Heath, M. A., Sheen, D., Leavy, D., Young, E. L., Money, K. (2005) Bibliotherapy: A resource to facilitate emotional healing and growth. School Psychology International 26: 563–580. doi: 10.1177/0143034305060792. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Heron, M. (2016, June 30). Deaths: Leading causes for 2014. National Vital Statistics Reports, 65(5). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr65/nvsr65_05.pdf. Google Scholar | |
| Hornberg, R., Kimball, A., Diehl, S., Usher, L., & Fitzpatrick, M. (2011, March). State mental health cuts: The continuing crisis. A report by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). Arlington, VA: NAMI. Retrieved from https://www2.nami.org/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm?ContentFileID=125018. Google Scholar | |
| Hynes-Gerry, M. (2015) Don’t leave the story in the book: Using literature to guide inquiry in early childhood classrooms, New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
| International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (2016). International first aid and resuscitation guidelines 2016. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Retrieved from http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/Health/First-Aid-2016-Guidelines_EN.pdf. Google Scholar | |
| Jack, S. J., Ronan, K. R. (2008) Bibliotherapy: Practice and research. School Psychology International 29: 161–182. doi: 10.1177/0143034308090058. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Jaycox, L. H., Langley, A. K., & Dean, K. L. (2009). Support for students exposed to trauma: The SSET program. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2009/RAND_TR675.pdf. Google Scholar | |
| Jones, S. M., Bouffard, S. M. (2012) Social and emotional learning in schools: From programs to strategies. Social Policy Report 26(4): 1–22. Ann Arbor, MI: Society for Research in Child Development. Google Scholar | |
| Jorm, A. F. (2012) Mental health literacy: Empowering the community to take action for better mental health. American Psychologist 67(3): 231–243. doi: 10.1037/a0025957. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Kieling, C., Baker-Henningham, H., Belfer, M., Conti, G., Ertem, I., Omigbodun, O., Rahman, A. (2011) Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: Evidence for action. The Lancet 378(9801): 1515–1525. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60827-1. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Korekci, N. (2015, February 2). 10 areas on Rauner’s chopping block. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved from http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/7/71/378790/10-areas-rauners-chopping-block. Google Scholar | |
| Kottler, J. (2015) Stories we’ve heard, stories we’ve told: Life changing narratives in therapy and everyday life, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
| LeCloux, M., Maramaldi, P., Thomas, K., & Wharff, E. (2017). Health care resources and mental health service use among suicidal adolescents. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 44(2), 195–212 doi:10.1007/s11414-016-9509-8. Google Scholar | |
| Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P. (2004) Toward a broader education: Social, emotional, and practical skills. In: Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Wang, M. C., Walberg, H. J. (eds) Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say?, New York, NY: Teachers College Press, pp. . 76–93. Google Scholar | |
| Marrast, L., Himmelstein, D. U., Woolhandler, S. (2016) Racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care for children and young adults: A national study. International Journal of Health Services 46(4): 810–825. doi: 10.1177/0020731416662736. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
| Marrs, R. W. (1995) A meta-analysis of bibliotherapy studies. American Journal of Community Psychology 23(6): 843–870. doi: 10.1007/BF02507018. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| McGinnis, E., Goldstein, A. P., Sprafkin, R. P. (1987) Skillstreaming the elementary school child, Champaign, IL: Research Press. Google Scholar | |
| McKenna, G., Hevey, D., Martin, E. (2010) Patients’ and providers’ perspectives on bibliotherapy in primary care. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 17(6): 497–509. doi: 10.1002/cpp.679. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Merrell, K. W., Gueldner, B. A. (2010) Social and emotional learning in the classroom: Promoting mental health and academic success, New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
| Montgomery, P., Maunders, K. (2015) The effectiveness of creative bibliotherapy for internalizing, externalizing, and prosocial behaviors in children: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review 55: 37–47. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.05.010. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
| National Center for Children in Poverty. (2014). Children’s mental health. New York, NY: Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy & Management. Retrieved from http://www.nccp.org/topics/mentalhealth.html. Google Scholar | |
| Nucci, L., Narvaez, D., & Krettenauer, T. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of moral and character education (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
| Owens, P. L., Hoagwood, K., Horwitz, S. M., Leaf, P. J., Poduska, J. M., Kellam, S. G., Ialongo, N. S. (2002) Barriers to children's mental health services. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41(6): 731–738. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200206000-00013. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Padilla-Frausto, D. I., Grant, D., Aydin, H., & Anguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2014). Three out of four children with mental health needs in California do not receive treatment despite having health care coverage. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. Google Scholar | |
| Pearn, J. (1994) The earliest days of first aid. The BMJ 309: 1718–1720. doi: 10.1136/bmj.309.6970.1718. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
| Riordan, R. J., Wilson, L. S. (1989) Bibliotherapy: Does it work? Journal of Counseling and Development 67(9): 506–508. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1989.tb02131.x. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
| Salerno, J. P. (2016) Effectiveness of universal school-based mental health awareness programs among youth in the United States: A systematic review. Journal of School Health 86(12): 922–931. doi: 10.1111/josh.12461. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Shechtman, Z. (2009) Treating child and adolescent aggression through bibliotherapy, New York, NY: Springer.doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-09745-9. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
| Spufford, F. (2002) The child that books built: A life in reading, London, UK: Faber and Faber. Google Scholar | |
| Stephan, S. H., Sugai, G., Lever, N., Connors, E. (2015) Strategies for integrating mental health into schools via a multitiered system of support. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 24(2): 211–231. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2014.12.002. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Stephan, S. H., Weist, M., Kataoka, S., Adelsheim, S., Mills, C. (2007) Transformation of children’s mental health services: The role of school mental health. Psychiatric Services 58(10): 1330–1338. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.58.10.1330. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Stice, E., Burton, E., Bearman, S. K., Rohde, P. (2006) Randomized trial of a brief depression prevention program: An elusive search for a psychosocial placebo control condition. Behaviour Research and Therapy 45: 863–876. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.008. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Stice, E., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Gau, J. M. (2008) Brief cognitive–behavioral depression prevention program for high-risk adolescents outperforms two alternative interventions: A randomized efficacy trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76(4): 595–606. doi: 10.1037/a0012645. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
| Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2014). Improving cultural competence. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series No. 59. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 14-4849. Rockville, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://store.samhsa.gov/shin/content//SMA14-4849/SMA14-4849.pdf. Google Scholar | |
| Temple, O., & Temple, R. (Translators). (1998). Aesop: The complete fables. New York, NY: Penguin Classics. Google Scholar | |
| Theron, L., Cockcroft, K., & Wood, L. (2017). The resilience-enabling value of African folktales: The Read-Me-to-Resilience intervention. School Psychology International, 38(5), 491–506. Google Scholar | |
| Weissberg, R. P. (2015) Education to promote all students’ social, emotional, and academic competence. In: Feuer, M. J., Berman, A. I., Atkinson, R. C. (eds) Past as prologue: The National Academy of Education at 50. Members reflect, Washington, DC: National Academy of Education, pp. 185–210. Google Scholar | |
| World Health Organization. (n.d.). 10 facts on mental health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/mental_health_facts/en/. Google Scholar | |
| World Health Organization. (2010, September). Mental health: Strengthening our response. Geneva, Switzerland: Author. Google Scholar | |
| World Health Organization. (2013). Mental health action plan, 2013–2020. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/89966/1/9789241506021_eng.pdf?ua=1. Google Scholar | |
| World Health Organization. (2016a). Maternal and child mental health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/maternal-child/en/. Google Scholar | |
| World Health Organization. (2016b). Mental health: Strengthening our response (fact sheet). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/. Google Scholar | |
| World Health Organization, War Trauma Foundation and World Vision International. (2011). Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44615/1/9789241548205_eng.pdf. Google Scholar | |
| Zins, J. E., Bloodworth, M. R., Weissberg, R. P., Walberg, H. J. (2007) The scientific base linking social and emotional learning to school success. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 17(2–3): 191–210. doi: 10.1080/10474410701413145. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
| Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Wang, M. C., & Walberg, H. J. (Eds.). (2004). Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar |


