Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published November 2004

Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse: A Qualitative Overview of Common Themes

Abstract

Adolescent-to-parent abuse is a serious social problem that has received limited attention from researchers and service providers. Most knowledge about this type of violence in the family comes from quantitative studies that focus on intrafamilial characteristics, demographic factors, and overall rates of abuse. The aim of this article is to provide detailed qualitative descriptions of adolescent-to-parent abuse based on the combined findings of two independent Canadian studies. Information was gathered through semistructured focus groups and individual interviews with youth, parents, and service providers—all of whom were selectively recruited for their experiential knowledge on this topic. The data from both studies were analyzed through a qualitative coding strategy, and the research process was guided by a critical constructivist philosophy with a focus on nested ecological theory. Overall findings revealed a number of interacting factors that contribute to adolescent-to-parent abuse, and these occur across psychological, intrafamilial, social, and political spheres.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Agnew, R., & Huguley, S. (1989). Adolescent violence toward parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 699-711.
Arrigo, M. J. (1982). Battered parents in California: Ignored victims of domestic violence. San Diego Law Review, 19(4), 781-800.
Belsky, J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35(4), 320-335.
Bersani, C. A., & Chen, H. (1988). Sociological perspectives in family violence. In V. B. VanHasselt, R. L. Morrison, A. S. Bellack, & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of family violence (pp. 57-86). London: Plenum Press.
Brezina, T. (1999). Teenage violence toward parents as an adaptation of family strain. Youth & Society, 30(4), 416-444.
Browne, K. D., & Hamilton, C. E. (1998). Physical violence between young adults and their parents: Associations with a history of child maltreatment. Journal of Family Violence, 13(1), 59-79.
Carlson, B. E. (1990). Adolescent observers of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence, 5(4), 285-299.
Charles, A. V. (1986). Physically abused parents. Journal of Family Violence, 1(4), 343-355.
Coffey, A., & Atkinson, P. (1996). Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary research strategies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Cornell, C. P., & Gelles, R. J. (1982). Adolescent-to-parent violence. Urban Social Change Review, 15(1), 8-14.
Dreher, M. (1994). Qualitative research methods from the reviewer’s perspective. In J. M. Morse (Ed.), Critical issues in qualitative research methods (pp. 281-297). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Duffy, A., & Momirov, J. (1997). Family violence: A Canadian introduction. Toronto, Canada: James Lorimer & Company.
Dutton, D. (1985). An ecologically nested theory of male violence towards intimates. International Journal of Women’s Studies, 8(4), 404-413.
Dutton, D. (1995). The domestic assault of women. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press.
Evans, E. D., & Warren-Sohlberg, L. (1988). A pattern of analysis of adolescent abusive behavior towards parents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 3, 201-216.
Freire, P. (1995). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum Publishers.
Harbin, H. T., & Madden, D. (1979). Battered parents: A new syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(10), 1288-1291.
Health Canada. (2001). Parent abuse: The abuse of parents by their teenage children. Ottawa, Canada: The National Clearinghouse on Family Violence.
Kirby, S., & McKenna, K. (1989). Experience, research, social change: Methods from the margins. Toronto, Canada: Garamond Press.
Kratcoski, P. C., & Kratcoski, L. D. (1982). The relationship of victimization through child abuse to aggressive delinquent behavior. Victimology: An International Journal, 7(4), 199-203.
Kumagai, F. (1981). Filial violence: A peculiar parent-child relationship in the Japanese family today. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 12(3), 337-349.
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Libon, M. D. (1989). Adolescent-to-parent violence: An investigation of family environment, empathy and disengagement among adjudicated adolescents (Doctoral dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, 1989). Proquests Dissertation Abstracts, 49(7), 1970.
Livingston, L. R. (1986). ’s Children’s violence to single mothers. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 13(4), 920-933.
Maxwell, J. A. (1996). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Micucci, J. A. (1995). Adolescents who assault their parents: A family systems approach to treatment. Psychotherapy, 32(1), 154-161.
Neuman, W. L. (1994). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Ney, P., & Mulvihill, D. (1982). Case report on parent abuse. Victimology, 7(1-4), 194-198.
Omer, H. (2000). Parental presence: Reclaiming a leadership role in bringing up our children. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker & Co.
Pagelow, M. D. (1989). The incidence and prevalence of criminal abuse of other family members. In L. Ohlin & M. Tonry (Eds.), Family violence: Volume II (pp. 263-313). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Paulson, M. J., Coombs, R. H., & Landsverk, J. (1990). Youth who physically assault their parents. Journal of Family Violence, 5(2), 121-133.
Peek, C. W., Fischer, J. L., & Kidwell, J. S. (1985). Teenage violence toward parents: A neglected dimension of family violence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47(4), 1051-1058.
Price, J. A. (1996). Power and compassion: Working with difficult adolescents and abused parents. New York: Guilford.
Rybski, N. (1998). An evaluation of a family group therapy program for domestically violent adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services.
Wells, M. G. (1987). Adolescent violence against parents: An assessment. Family Therapy, 14(2), 125-133.
Wurmser, L. (1981). The mask of shame. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published: November 2004
Issue published: November 2004

Keywords

  1. adolescent-to-parent abuse
  2. parent abuse
  3. abusive youth
  4. assaultive youth
  5. violence
  6. abuse

Rights and permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Barbara Cottrell
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Peter Monk
University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Journal of Family Issues.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 2837

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016


Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 186 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 171

  1. Predicting the Risk of Re-Offending in Child-to-Parent Violence Using ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. The Child-to-Parent Violence Functions Scale (CPV-F): Development and ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. Child-to-Parent Violence: Examining Cumulative Associations with Corpo...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Children and Adolescents with Severe Tyrannical Behaviour: Profile of ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. Risk Factors for Child-to-Parent Violence: A Scoping Review
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. A Deeper Understanding of Child to Parent Violence (CPV): Personal Tra...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  7. Are All Child-to-Parent Violence Profiles Associated with Exposure to ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. The KIND Program for Adolescent Family and...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. Parent abuse by dependent adult children living in the family home: a ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Non-violent resistance parental training versus treatment as usual for...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. Childhood adversity, emergent psychopathology, and adolescent-to-paren...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Process mining the trajectories for adolescent‐to‐mother violence from...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. A Systematic Review of Child to Parent Violence Interventions
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  14. Characteristics of Young People who use Family Violence in Adolescence...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. The Role of Situational Factors in Child-to-Parent Abuse: Implications...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  16. Filio-parental violence analyzed through the Spanish press (2010–2020)...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. “I Wasn’t Gonna Quit, but by Hook or by Crook I was Gonna Find a Way T...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. “My [Search Strategies] Keep Missing You”: A Scoping Review to Map Chi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  19. Profiles of Adolescents who Abuse their Parents: A Gender-based Analys...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  20. Interaction of Parental Discipline Strategies and Adolescents’ Persona...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. Evaluation report of early intervention program in situation of child-...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. Adolescent Perpetrators of Violence and Aggression Towards Parents
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. Ecological Theory
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  24. Outlook on Theoretical, Research, and Application Efforts to Date
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  25. Callous-Unemotional Traits are Associated With Child-to-Parent Aggress...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  26. Parenting Skills, Family Functioning and Social Support in Situations ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  27. Families in Youth-to-Parent Aggression Situation: Clinical Symptoms, P...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  28. ‘He’s out of control, I’m out of control, it’s just – I’ve got to do s...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  29. Evidencing Predictors of Adolescent to Parent Violence Re-Offending Th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  30. A Qualitative Exploration of Practitioners’ Understanding of and Respo...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  31. Risk and Protective Factors in Child-to-Parent Violence: A Study of th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  32. “I Want My Mum to Know That I Am a Good Guy …”: A Thematic Analysis of...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  33. Exposure to Family Violence, Peer Attachment, and Adolescent-to-parent...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  34. Efficacy of music therapy in the treatment of anxiety among children a...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  35. Mothers’ Perspectives on Abuse by Adult Children
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  36. Physical Violence and Property Damage towards Parents, Committed by Ad...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  37. Child-to-Parent Aggression and Dating Violence: Longitudinal Associati...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  38. Relationship between Punitive Discipline and Child-to-Parent Violence:...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  39. Young people who engage in child to parent violence: an integrative re...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  40. Child‐to‐Parent Violence: Examining the Frequency and Re...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  41. Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization in...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  42. The intergenerational transmission of family violence: Mothers' percep...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  43. Adolescents Who Are Violent Toward Their Parents: An Approach to the S...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  44. Factors Influencing Law Enforcement Responses to Child to Parent Viole...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  45. Violencia filioparental: aportes y reflexiones
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  46. Risk and Protective Factors of Child-to-Parent Violence: A Comparison ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  47. Parent-Adolescent Relationship and the Impact of Substance Dependency ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  48. Influence of Peer Victimization and Self-Esteem on Child-to-Parent Vio...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  49. Child-to-Parent Violence and Dating Violence Through the Moral Foundat...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  50. Introduction: Adolescent-to-Parent Violence and Abuse (APVA) What Do W...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  51. Developing a Better Picture of Prevalence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  52. Exploring Explanations for APVA: Characteristics and Behaviours of You...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  53. Exploring Explanations for APVA: Characteristics of Parents and Famili...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  54. Understanding APVA: Theoretical Perspectives
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  55. Conclusion: APVA Policy, Practice and Research—Implications and Future...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  56. Mothers’ Perspectives on Abuse by Adult Children
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  57. Children Who Perpetrate Family Violence Are Still Children: Understand...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  58. Barriers to Help Seeking for Women Victims of Adolescent Family Violen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  59. Adolescent-to-Parent Violence and the Promise of Attachment Based Inte...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  60. Suicidal Ideation, Psychological Distress and Child-To-Parent Violence...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  61. A Systematic Review of Youth-to-Parent Aggression: Conceptualization, ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  62. Assessing Child-to-Parent Violence With the Child-to-Parent Violence Q...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  63. Adolescent-to-Parent Violence: Psychological and Family Adjustment
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  64. Analyzing the Relationship Between Child-to-Parent Violence and Percei...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  65. A scoping study on measures of child-to-parent violence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  66. Understanding the perception of stakeholders in reducing adolescent‐to...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  67. Análisis exploratorio sobre violencia filio-parental en una muestra de...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  68. Parents’ experiences of abuse by their adult children with drug proble...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  69. Evaluating the Effects of an Adolescent Family Violence Intervention P...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  70. Adolescent‐to‐Parent Violence and Abuse
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  71. Elder Abuse, Impaired Adult Child, and Maternal Identity
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  72. Adolescent Violence Towards Parents: A Case of Specialisation?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  73. Adolescent-to-Mother Psychological Aggression: The Role of Father Viol...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  74. Multivariate Models of Child-to-Mother Violence and Child-to-Father Vi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  75. Assessing Risk and Protective Factors in Clinical and Judicial Child-t...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  76. Family Communication and Verbal Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolesc...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  77. Relación entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y la violencia fi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  78. “But All Kids Yell at Their Parents, Don’t They?”: Social Norms About ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  79. A web-based anger management program for parent-female adolescents’ co...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  80. An exploratory study of childhood adversity and delinquency among yout...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  81. Aggressive Children With Mental Illness: A Conceptual Model of Family-...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  82. Reconsidering Family Closeness: A Review and Call for Research on Fami...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  83. Child-to-parent Violence and Parent-to-child Violence: A Meta-analytic...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  84. Parent- and Sibling-Directed Aggression in Children of Domestic Violen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  85. Parents as victims of property crime committed by their adult children...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  86. Risk factor profile of youth incarcerated for child to parent violence...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  87. Uncertainty issues and management in adult children’s stories of their...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  88. Parental reactions to parent- and sibling-directed aggression within a...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  89. Troubles disruptifs intrafamiliaux : données actuelles et perspectives...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  90. Exploring Fatal and Non-Fatal Violence Against Parents: Challenging th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  91. Domestic Property Violence: A Distinct and Damaging Form of Parent Abu...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  92. Parent Abuse
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  93. Menores que Maltratan a sus Progenitores: definición Integral y su Cic...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  94. Sixty years of child-to-parent abuse research: What we know and where ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  95. Psychometric Properties of the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnair...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  96. Indigenising forensic social work in South Africa
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  97. Self-identified strengths among youth offenders charged with assault a...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  98. Adolescent‐to‐parent violence and abuse: Parents' management of tensio...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  99. Mothers of Violent Children with Mental Illness: How They Perceive Bar...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  100. Adolescentes infractoras: La perspectiva de género en los procesos de ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  101. Promoting Resilience in Members of Violent Families
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  102. Adolescent-to-Parent Violence: Translating Research into Effective Pra...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  103. A New Trait-Based Model of Child-to-Parent Aggression
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  104. Characteristics of adolescent violence towards parents – a Rapid Evide...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  105. “It's like he just goes off, BOOM!”: mothers and grandmothers make sen...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  106. When the Violence Stops: Different Relationships and Different Forms o...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  107. Impulsiveness and Child-to-Parent Violence: The Role of Aggressor’s Se...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  108. Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse as a Form of “Domestic Violence”...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  109. Adolescent Violence Towards Parents – The Known and Unknowns
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  110. Adolescent to parent violence: the police response to parents reportin...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  111. Theory-based models enhancing the understanding of four types of elder...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  112. “Am I Really a Bad Parent?”: Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse (AtPA) Identit...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  113. Child-to-parent violence: The role of exposure to violence and its rel...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  114. Adolescent-to-Parent Violence in Adoptive Families
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  115. Menores que agreden a sus padres: factores psíquicos, sociales y educa...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  116. The Effect of Childhood Experience of Child Abuse on the Adolescent-To...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  117. The Contribution of Family Relationships to Child-to-Parent Violence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  118. Social Competence and Child-to-Parent Violence: Analyzing the Role of ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  119. Las consecuencias de la violencia filio-paternal reflejadas en una his...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  120. Using Trauma Informed Treatment Models with Child-to-Parent Violence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  121. Responding to Adolescent to Parent Violence: Challenges for Policy and...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  122. Reciprocal longitudinal associations between substance use and child‐t...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  123. Violencia Filio-Parental: Características personales y familiares de u...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  124. Child-to-Parent Violence: Frequency and Family Correlates
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  125. Exploring psychological features in adolescents who assault their pare...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  126. Macht, Arbeitsteilung, Konflikt, Konfliktstile und Gewalt in Partnersc...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  127. Child-to-Parent Violence: An Exploratory Study of the Roles of Family ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  128. Family Profile of Young Offenders Who Abuse Their Parents: A Compariso...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  129. A descriptive study of juvenile family violence: Data from interventio...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  130. Adolescents' Aggression to Parents: Longitudinal Links With Parents' P...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  131. Adolescent to parent violence: Framing and mapping a hidden problem
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  132. Responding to Child-to-Parent Violence: Innovative Practices in Child ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  133. Child-to-Parent Violence in Adolescents: The Perspectives of the Paren...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  134. Violence and Mood Disorder: Views and Experiences of Adult Patients Wi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  135. Direct and indirect effects of family violence on child-to-parent viol...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  136. An Exploratory Study of the Characteristics that Prevent Youth from Co...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  137. Adult patients with schizophrenia using violence towards their parents...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  138. The phenomenon of adolescents placing pressure on their parents
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  139. Adolescents Who Assault Their Parents: A Different Family Profile of Y...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  140. Parent Abuse by Adolescents With First-Episode Psychosis in Egypt
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  141. Risk Factors for Child-to-Parent Violence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  142. VIOLENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR BY ADOLESCENTS TOWARD PARENTS AND TEACH...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  143. Child-to-Parent Violence: Emotional and Behavioral Predictors
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  144. Protective Factors for Adolescent Violence against Authority
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  145. Youth to Parent Violence: A More Complex Form of Family Violence?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  146. The Social Ecology of Adolescent-Initiated Parent Abuse: A Review of t...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  147. Introduction: Exploring Parent Abuse – Building Knowledge across Disci...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  148. Is Parent Abuse a Form of Domestic Violence?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  149. Researching Parent Abuse: A Critical Review of the Methods
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  150. Practitioners' Constructions of Parent Abuse
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  151. Conductas violentas de los adolescentes hacia las figuras de autoridad...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  152. Menores con conducta de maltrato hacia los progenitores: un estudio de...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  153. ‘The terrorist in my home’: teenagers' violence towards parents - cons...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  154. Child-to-parent Violence: Challenging Perspectives on Family Violence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  155. Violence Within Families and Intimate Relationships
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  156. Perceived Mattering to the Family and Physical Violence Within the Fam...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  157. Outlook on Theoretical, Research, and Application Efforts to Date
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  158. Ecological Theory
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  159. Violencia filio-parental en la adolescencia: características ambiental...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  160. Parent Abuse: Opening Up a Discussion of a Complex Instance of Family ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  161. Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their fam...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  162. Three Patterns of Domestic Violence in Households: Single Victimizatio...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  163. Use of SMS to support parents who experience violence from their adole...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  164. A Decade of Child-Initiated Family Violence...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  165. Mediating Effects of Empathy and Forgiveness on the Relationship Betwe...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  166. Living in the red zone: the experience of child‐to‐mother violence
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  167. Parent Abuse: A Review
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  168. A Family Affair: The Juvenile Court and Family Violence Cases
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  169. Child–Parent Violence: An Empirical Analysis of Offender, Victim, and ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  170. Dark Side of the Mothering Role: Abuse of Mothers by Adolescent and Ad...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub