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First published January 2005

Parent-Child Relations and Children’s Psychological Well-Being: Do Dads Matter?

Tami M. VideonView all authors and affiliations
Volume 26, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X04270262

Abstract

This study explores the unique influence of fathers on adolescents’ psychological well-being. Analyses are based on a nationally representative sample (Add Health) of students in Grades 7 through 12 living in intact homes. Results of multivariate analyses reveal that the father-adolescent relationship has an independent impact on adolescents’ psychological well-being beyond the mother-adolescent relationship. Comparatively, the magnitude of effect was similar for mothers and fathers on sons’ and daughters’ well-being. Examining the dynamic nature of parent-adolescent relations through time revealed that adolescents have more volatile relations with fathers than with mothers. Changes in adolescent’s satisfaction with the father-adolescent relationship significantly influence fluctuations in son’s and daughter’s psychological well-being; this effect persists after controlling for changes in mother-adolescent relationships. These findings underscore fathers’ unique direct contribution to their children’s psychological well-being.

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1.
1. Adolescents in the Add Health survey were selected for two different analytical purposes: a core sample for nationally representative estimates and a specialized genetic sample for estimating the influence of heredity. Only respondents selected to be in the nationally representative sample have sample weights. Therefore, attrition due to missing weights does not constitute a bias in these analyses.
2.
2. Exploratory analyses that examined emotional support from parents (i.e., parent-child talks about a variety of subjects) indicated that increased emotional support from parents was associated with increased levels of psychological distress among adolescents. It is likely that adolescents who are having personal problems solicit increased parental emotional support. Therefore, the association between parental provision of emotional support and adolescent distress may be produced by a third factor (i.e., personal problems) and not causal.
3.
3. In preliminary analyses, I constructed a summary measure of the quality of mother-child and father-child relationships using three dimensions of the parent-child relationship: (a) Overall, you are satisfied with the relationship you have with your mother (father), (b) most of the time, your mother (father) is warm and loving toward you, and (c) you are satisfied with the way your mother (father) and you communicate with each other. The summed score of these three items produced similar results to the single measure. For the sake of parsimony, I chose the measure with the single variable for the final models.
4.
4. In addition, measures of family size, region, urbanicity, and the region of the country in which the respondent resided were not significant predictors of adolescent psychological well-being and were therefore excluded from the final models.
5.
5. Unfortunately, parents were only interviewed in the first wave of data collection. Therefore, parental income is only available at Wave 1 precluding an examination of how changes in income affect changes in adolescent psychological well-being.

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Published In

Volume 26, Issue 1
Pages: 55 - 78
Article first published: January 2005
Issue published: January 2005

Keywords

  1. father-child relationship
  2. mother-child relationship
  3. psychological well-being
  4. fatherhood

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Authors

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Tami M. Videon
Rutgers University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center
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