![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Research identifying relationships between principals' instructional leadership behavior and academic achievement is problematic because it fails to consider the perspectives of the “consumer” (i.e., students). Consequently, this study investigated what students perceive principals do to influence their academic achievement. Students identified direct and highly influential instructional leadership behaviors. Among these were principal approachability, interactive classroom observation and/or visitation, and instructional leadership behaviors that firmly establish administrators as the “principal teachers” in their respective schools.
|
Andrews, R. , & Soder, R. (1987). Principal leadership and student achievement. Educational Leadership, 44(6), 9-11. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Andrews, R.L. , Soder, R. , & Jacoby, D. (1986, April). Principal roles, other in-school variables, and academic achievement by ethnicity and SES. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco. Google Scholar | |
|
Archer, J. (2004, September). Putting out fires. Education Week, 24(3), S8-S10. Google Scholar | |
|
Becker, H.S. , Geer, B. , & Hughes, E.C. (1968). Making the grade: The academic side of college life. New York: John Wiley. Google Scholar | |
|
Brookover, W. , Beady, C. , Flood, P. , Shmitzer, J. , & Wisenbaker, J. (1979). School social systems and student achievement: Schools can make a difference. New York: Praeger. Google Scholar | |
|
Brown, R.L. (1991). Critical attributes of instructional leadership in nationally recognized Blue Ribbon schools. Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 3512A. (UMI No. 9202160) Google Scholar | |
|
Calvert, B. (1975). The role of the pupil. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul. Google Scholar | |
|
Chapman, J. (1997). [Correlation matrix for student standardized test scores regressed on demographic data]. Unpublished raw data. Google Scholar | |
|
Cotton, K. (2003). Principals and student achievement: What the research says. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Google Scholar | |
|
Cusick, P.L. (1973). Inside high school. New York : Holt. Google Scholar | |
|
Denzin, N.E. (1978). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. New York: McGraw-Hill. Google Scholar | |
|
Eckert, P. (1989). Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the high school. New York: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Foster, L. (1997). Student images of the high school principal: Who's who and what's going on? NASSP Bulletin, 81(589), 66-73. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Gentilucci, J.L. (2004). Improving school learning: The student perspective . Educational Forum, 68(2), 133-141. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hallinger, P. , Bickman, L. , & Davis, K. (1990). What makes a difference? School context, principal leadership, and student achievement (Occasional Paper No. 3). Cambridge, MA: National Center for Educational Leadership . Google Scholar | |
|
Hallinger, P. , Bickman, L. , & Davis, K. (1996). School context, principal leadership, and student reading achievement. Elementary School Journal, 96(5), 527-549. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hammersley, M. , & Woods, P. (Eds.). (1984). Life in school: The sociology of pupil culture. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Heck, R.H. (1992, Spring). Principals' instructional leadership and school performance: Implications for policy development. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 14(1), 21-34. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Heck, R.H. , Larsen, T.J. , & Marcoulides, G.A. (1990). Instructional leadership and school achievement: Validation of a causal model. Educational Administration Quarterly, 26(2), 94-125. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Keesor, C.A. (2005). Administrative visibility and its effect on classroom behavior. NASSP Bulletin, 89(634), 64-73. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Kells, R. (1993). Principals' perceptions of factors affective student achievement. Education, 113(4), 617-619. Google Scholar | |
|
Kidder, J.T. (1989). Among schoolchildren. Boston : Houghton Mifflin. Google Scholar | |
|
Krug, F.S. (1986). The relationship between the instructional management behavior of elementary school principals and student achievement. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 3924. (UMI No. 8628337) Google Scholar | |
|
Larsen, J.J. (1987, April). Identification of instructional leadership behaviors and the impact of their implementation on academic achievement. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED281286) Google Scholar | |
|
Leithwood, K. , & Jantzi, D. (2000). The effects of transformation leadership on student engagement with school. Journal of Educational Administration , 38(2), 112-129. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Leithwood, K. , Louis, K.S. , Anderson, S. , & Wahlstrom, K. (2004). How leadership influences student learning. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education . Google Scholar | |
|
Leitner, D.J. (1990). The efforts of principal instructional management behavior on student learning: An organizational perspective. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51(4), 1067A (UMI No. 9017873) Google Scholar | |
|
Leitner, D.J. (1994). Do principals affect student outcomes? An organizational perspective. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 5(3), 219-238. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Meek, J.P. (1999). Relationship between principal instructional leadership and student achievement outcomes in North Carolina public elementary schools . Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(3), 837A. (UMI No. 9964372) Google Scholar | |
|
Musgrave, P.W. (1973). Learning: A sociological perspective. Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research . Google Scholar | |
|
O'Donnell, R.J. , & White, G.P. (2005). Within the accountability era: Principals' instructional leadership behaviors and student achievement. NASSP Bulletin , 89(645), 56-71. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Ogbu, J.U. (1974). The next generation. New York : Academic Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Portin, B. (2004). The roles that principals play. Educational Leadership, 61(7), 14-18. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Spirito, J.P. (1990). The instructional leadership behaviors of principals in middle schools in California and their impact of their implementation on academic achievement. Dissertation Abstracts International , 51(12), 3986A. (UMI No. 9105754) Google Scholar | |
|
Spradley, J.P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Google Scholar | |
|
Strauss, A. , & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Stubbs, M. , & Delamont, S. (Eds.). (1976). Explorations in classroom observation. London: John Wiley & Sons. Google Scholar | |
|
Waters, T. , Marzano, R.J. , & McNulty, B. (2004). Balanced leadership: What 30 years of research tells us about the effect of leadership on student achievement. Aurora, CO: Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL). Google Scholar |
