![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
This qualitative, narrative study explored experiences of six successful African American male high school students. Findings suggested that barriers prior to high school were negative elements in the home and community. To be successful in high school, they overcame barriers of absent fathers, disruptive homes, negative community, and peers, and an inadequate school system. They found support in spirituality, a desire to make mother proud, and from school personnel. Personal characteristics contributing to their success included self-esteem, spiritual maturity, and inner motivation to succeed.
Keywords African American males, diversity, social justice, at risk
References
Section:
|
Barr, R., Parrett, W. (2007). The kids left behind: Catching up the underachieving children of poverty. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree. Google Scholar | |
|
Battle, J., Scott, B. (2000). Mother-only versus father-only households: Educational outcomes for African American males. Journal of African American Studies, 5(2), 93-112. Google Scholar | |
|
Berry, I. Q. (2005). Voices of success: Descriptive portraits of two successful African American male middle school mathematics students. Journal of African American Studies, 8(4), 46-62. doi:10.1007/s12111-005-1003-y Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brown, A. (2009). "Brothers gonna work it out": Understanding the pedagogic performance of African American male teachers working with African American male students. The Urban Review, 41(5), 416-435. doi:10.1007/sll256-008-0116-8 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bush, L. (1999). Am I a man? A literature review engaging the sociohistorical dynamics of Black manhood in the United States. Western Journal of Black Studies, 23, 49-57. Google Scholar | |
|
Clark, R. (1983). Family life and school achievement: Why poor black children succeed or fail. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(Suppl.), S95-S120. doi:10.1086/228943 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Croninger, R. G., Lee, V. E. (2001). Social capital and dropping out of high school: Benefits to at-risk students of teachers’ support and guidance. Teachers College Record, 103, 548-581. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Cuyjet, M. J. (1997). African American men on college campuses: Their needs and their perceptions. InCuyjet, M. J. (Ed.), Helping African American men succeed in college (New Directions for Student Services, No. 80, pp. 5-16). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Davis, J. (2003). Early schooling and academic achievement of African American males. Urban Education, 38, 515-537. doi:10.1177/0042085903256220 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Dodge, K. A., Frame, C. (1982). Social cognitive biases and deficits in aggressive boys. Child Development, 53, 620-635. doi:10.2307/1129373 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Donovan, M., Cross, C. (2002). Minority students in gifted and special education. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Duncan, G. (2002). Beyond love: A critical race ethnography of the schooling of adolescent Black males. Equity & Excellence in Education, 35, 131-143. doi:10.1080/10665680290175158 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Emanuel, B. (2009). An exploration of the lived experiences of African American males to determine factors that contributed to their success (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses database. (Pub. No. AAT 3447733) Google Scholar | |
|
Fashola, O. S. (Ed.). (2005). Educating African American males: Voices from the field. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Ferguson, R. (2004). Professional community and closing the achievement gap. Retrieved from http://www.tolerance.org/tds/asset/profesional-community-and-closing-student Google Scholar | |
|
García, G. E., Pearson, P. D., Jiménez, R. (1994). The at-risk situation: A synthesis of reading literature (Special Report). Urbana: University of Illinois, Center for the Study of Reading. Google Scholar | |
|
Gardner, R., Miranda, A. (2001). Improving outcomes for urban African American students. Journal of Negro Education, 70, 255-263. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Gibbs, J. T. (1988). Young, black, and male in America: An endangered species. Dover, MA: Auburn House. Google Scholar | |
|
Gibbs, J. T. (2010). Black adolescents and youth: An endangered species. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, 6-21. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1984.tb01472.x Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Graves, S. (2008). Are we neglecting African American males: Parental involvement differences between African American males and females during elementary school? African American Studies, 14, 263-276. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hare, N., Hare, J. (2008). The role of the black male in today’s society. Retrieved from http://www.blackthinktank.com/ Google Scholar | |
|
Harper, S. R. (2012). Black male student success in higher education: A report from the National Black Male College Achievement Study. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education. Retrieved from http://www.gse.upenn.edu/equity/sites/gse.upenn.edu.equity/files/publications/bmss.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Harris, S., Jenkins, S. (2013). Conflicts in culture: Strategies to understand and resolve the issues. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. Google Scholar | |
|
Hawley, W. D., Nieto, S. (2010). Another inconvenient truth: Race and ethnicity. Educational Leadership, 11, 66-71. Retrieved from http://emittagarboe08.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/hawley-and-nieto-race-and-ethnicity-matter.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Herndon, M. K. (2003). Expressions of spirituality among African-American college males. Journal of Men’s Studies, 12, 75-83. doi:10.3149/jms.1201.75 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Howard, T. C. (2008). Who really cares? The disenfranchisement of African American males in preK-12 schools: A critical race theory perspective. Teachers College Record, 110, 954-985. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Hrabowski, F. A., Maton, K. I., Greif, G. L. (1998). Beating the odds: Raising academically successful African American males. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Jones, D. J., Zalot, A. A., Foster, S. E., Starrett, E., Chester, C. (2006). A review of childrearing in African American single mother families: The relevance of a coparenting framework. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 671-683. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9115-0 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kornhaber, D. (2005). Grandparents raising grandchildren. The grandparent guide on “raising grandchildren.” Retrieved from http://www.grandparenting.org Google Scholar | |
|
Kunjufu, J. (2004). Solutions for black America. Chicago, IL: African American Images. Google Scholar | |
|
Kunjufu, J. (2011). Understanding Black male learning styles. Chicago, IL: African American Images. Google Scholar | |
|
Lyman, L. L., Villani, C. J. (2002). The complexity of poverty: A missing component of educational leadership programs. Journal of School Leadership, 12, 416-437. Google Scholar | |
|
Maguire, P. (1987). Doing participatory research: A feminist approach. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, Center for International Education. Google Scholar | |
|
Morial, M. H. (2007). The state of Black America 2007: Portrait of the Black male. Silver Springs, MD: Beckham. Google Scholar | |
|
National Urban League . (2007). The state of Black America 2007. Portrait of the Black male. New York, NY: Beckham. Google Scholar | |
|
No Child Left Behind Act . (2001). PL No.107-110, 115 Stat. 1425. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/107-110.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Noguera, P. A. (2008). The trouble with black boys: And other reflections on race, equity, and the future of public education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Park, P., Brydon-Miller, M., Hall, B., Jackson, T. (Eds.). (1993). Voices of change. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Google Scholar | |
|
Roderick, M. (2003). What’s happening to the boys? Early high school experiences and school outcomes among African American male adolescents in Chicago. Urban Education, 38, 538-607. doi:10.1177/0042085903256221 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Schott Foundation for Public Education . (2010). Yes we can: The Schott 50 state report on public education and black males. Cambridge, MA: Author. Retrieved from http://blackboysreport.org/bbreport.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Singleton, G. E., Linton, C. (2006). Courageous conversations about race. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Spurgeon, S. L., Myers, J. E. (2010). African American males: Relationships among racial identity, college types and wellness. Journal of Black Studies, 40, 527-543. doi:10.1177/0021934708315153 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Tatum, A. (2005). Teaching reading to Black adolescent males: Closing the achievement gap. Portland, ME: Stenhouse. Google Scholar | |
|
Tatum, B. D. (1997). “Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria?” and other conversations about race. New York, NY: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Teach for America . (2010). The challenge of maintaining high expectations. In Teach for America (Ed.), Diversity, community, & achievement gap (pp. 37-48). Retrieved from http://www.teachingasleadership.org/sites/ Google Scholar | |
|
Texas Education Agency . (2011). 2010-11 Academic excellence indicator system. Retrieved from http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/perfreport/aeis/2011/ Google Scholar | |
|
Theoharis, G. (2009). The school leaders our children deserve: Seven keys to equity, social justice, and school reform. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Tucker, C., Dixon, A., Griddine, K. (2010). Academically successful African American male urban high school students’ experiences of mattering to others at school. Professional School Counseling, 14(2), 135-145. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
U.S. Department of Education . (2007a). NAEP mathematics assessment. Washington, DC: Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress. Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Education . (2007b). NAEP reading assessment. Washington, DC: Institute of Education Sciences, National Center of Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress. Google Scholar | |
|
Worrell, F. C. (2003). Why are there so few African Americans in gifted education programs? In Yeakley, C. C., Henderson, R. D. (Eds.), Surmounting all odds: Education, opportunity, and society in the new millennium (pp. 423-454). Greenwich, CT: Information Age. Google Scholar | |
|
Wright, B. (2007). The great balancing act: Identity and academic achievement of successful African-American male adolescents in an urban pilot high school in the U.S. Dissertation Abstracts International, 67, 12A. Google Scholar | |
|
Wright, B. (2009). Racial-ethnic identity, academic achievement, and African American males: A review of literature. Journal of Negro Education, 78, 123-134. Google Scholar | |
|
Wright, B. (2011). I know who I am, do you? Identity and academic achievement of successful African American male adolescents in an urban pilot high school in the United States. Urban Education, 46, 611-638. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals |
