![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Public concern over the general health of children in the United States has risen during recent years due to dramatic decreases in physical activity levels and increases in obesity and other health-related issues. This article examines the participation of students with disabilities in extracurricular activities, particularly athletic activities, in light of recent federal guidance and examination of recent case law. Implications for practice are provided.
References
Section:
|
Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq . (2008). Google Scholar | |
|
Baisden v. West Virginia Secondary Schools Activities Commission, 568 S.E.2d 32 (W. Va. 2002) . Google Scholar | |
|
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2006). School health policies and programs study 2006. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/shpps/2006/factsheets/pdf/FS_PhysicalActii-vty_SHPPS2006.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (2012). The obesity epidemic and United States students. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/yrbs/pdf/us_obesity_combo.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Grube v. Bethlehem Area School District, 550 F. Supp. 418 (E.D. Pa. 1982) . Google Scholar | |
|
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, 20 U.S.C. § 1415 et seq . (Reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990). Google Scholar | |
|
International Olympic Committee . (2013). Factsheet the games of the Olympiad: Update—October 2013. Retrieved from http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Summer_Games.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Ingram v. Toledo City School District Board of Education, 339 F. Supp. 2d 998 (N.D. Oh, 2004) . Google Scholar | |
|
Letter to Anonymous, 17 IDELR 180 (OSEP, 1990) . Google Scholar | |
|
Maiano, C. (2011). Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Obesity Reviews, 12, 189-197. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Minnesota State High School League . (2014). Eligibility brochure 2014-2015. Retrieved from http://www.mshsl.org/mshsl/publications/code/forms/2014-15AthEligInfo.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Murphy, N., Carbone, P., & American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children With Disabilities . (2008). Promoting the participation of children with disabilities in sports, recreation, and physical activities. Pediatrics, 121, 1057-1061. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Norlin, J. W. (2014). What do I do when: The answer book on Section 504 (4th ed.). Palm Beach Garden, FL: LRP. Google Scholar | |
|
Northshore (WA) School District No. 417, 48 IDELR 199 (OCR 2006) . Google Scholar | |
|
Office of Civil Rights . (2013). Dear Colleague Letter: Extracurricular athletics. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201301-504.html Google Scholar | |
|
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., Lamb, M. M., Flegal, K. M. (2010). Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 242-249. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Pottgen v. Missouri State High School Association, 40 F.3d. 926 (8th Cir. 1994) . Google Scholar | |
|
Rimmer, J. H., Rowland, J. L., Yamaki, K. (2007). Obesity and secondary conditions in adolescents with disabilities: Addressing the needs of an underserved population. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 224-229. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Sandison v. Michigan High School, 64, F.3d. 1026 (6th Cir. 1995) . Google Scholar | |
|
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U.S.C. § 794 et seq . Google Scholar | |
|
Sullivan, K. A., Lantz, P. J., Zirkel, P. A. (2000). Leveling the playing field or leveling the players? Section 504, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and interscholastic sports. Journal of Special Education, 33, 258-267. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Tatgenhorst, A., Norlin, J. W., Gorn, S. (2014). What do I do when: The answer book on special education law (6th ed.). Palm Beach Garden, FL: LRP. Google Scholar | |
|
Tesmer v. Colorado High School Activities Association, 46 IDELR 18 (Colo. Ct. App. 2006) . Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Education . (2011). Creating equal opportunities for children and youth with disabilities to participate in physical education and extracurricular athletics. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/guid/idea/equal-pe.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights . (2013a). Dear Colleague Letter. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201301-504.html Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights . (2013b). Response to the National School Board Association. Retrieved from chinniandmeuser.com/uploads/3/2/7/4/3274563/december_2013_ocr_clarification_re_separate_athletic_opportunities.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . (2008). 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans: Be active, healthy, and happy! (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . (2010a). Trends in the prevalence of physical activity: National YRBS: 1991-2009. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/us_physical_trend_yrbs.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . (2010b). The Surgeon General’s vision for a healthy and fit nation. Retrieved from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/initiatives/healthy-fit-nation/obesityvision2010.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
U.S. Government Accountability Office . (2010, June). Students with disabilities: More information and guidance could improve opportunities in physical education and athletics (GAO-10-519). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/310/305770.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Zirkel, P.A (2013, March 15). Significance guidance on student athletics with disabilities. [Online Forum]. Retrieved from http://jurist.org/forum/2013/03/perry-zirkel-student-athletes.php Google Scholar |
