Skip to main content

[]

Intended for healthcare professionals
Skip to main content
Restricted access
Research article
First published online February 16, 2014

Lifting the Veil: Exploring Colorblind Racism in Black Student Athlete Experiences

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of post-racial narratives and colorblind racism in a case of Black intercollegiate student athlete experiences. This case study engaged a critical race theory (CRT) perspective and colorblind ideologies to advance an understanding of participant experiences and extend the CRT literature. Findings indicate that participants recognize racial beliefs and racial inequities abound and that colorblind racism has indirectly affected their experiences and perceptions. The findings are illuminated using the four colorblind racism frames: abstract liberalism, naturalization, cultural racism, and minimization of racism. Implications for enhancing student athlete programming, preparing others to work with student athlete populations, and continuing CRT sport scholarship are further discussed.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Bell D. (1987). And we are not saved: The elusive quest for racial justice. New York, NY: Basic.
Bell D. A. (1992). Faces at the bottom of the well: The permanence of racism. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Bell D. A. (1995). Racial realism. In Crenshaw K., Gotanda N., Peller G., Thomas K. (Eds.), Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement (pp. 302-312). New York, NY: The New Press.
Benson K. F. (2000). Constructing academic inadequacy: African American athletes’ stories of schooling. The Journal of Higher Education, 71(2), 223-246.
Bimper A. Jr., Harrison L. Jr., Clark L. (2013). Diamonds in the rough examining a case of successful Black male student athletes in college sport. Journal of Black Psychology, 39, 107-130.
Bimper A. Jr., Harrison L. Jr. (2011). Meet me at the crossroads: African American athletic and racial identity. Quest, 63, 275-288.
Bonilla-Silva E. (2001). White supremacy and racism in the post-civil rights era. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Bonilla-Silva E. (2009). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and racial inequality in contemporary America (3rd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.
Bonilla-Silva E. (2010). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States;[new chapter on the Obama phenomenon]. Rowan & Littlefield.
Bonilla-Silva E., Forman T. A. (2000). “I Am Not a Racist But…”: Mapping White College Students’ Racial Ideology in the USA. Discourse & society, 11(1), 50-85.
Carrington B. (Ed.). (2010). Race, sport, and politics: The sporting Black diaspora. London, England: Sage.
Carrington B., McDonald I. (2002). Sport, racism and inequality. Sociology, 11(3), 8-13.
Carter A. R., Hart A. (2010). Perspectives of mentoring: The Black female student-athlete. Sport Management Review, 13, 382-394.
Coakley J. J. (2009). Sport in society: Issues and controversies (10th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Comeaux E., Harrison C. K. (2007). Faculty and male student athletes: Racial differences in the environmental predictors of academic achievement. Race Ethnicity and Education, 10, 199-214.
Crenshaw K. W., Gotanda N., Peller G., Thomas K. (1995). Introduction. In Crenshaw K. W., Gotanda N., Peller G., Thomas K. (Ed.), Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement (pp. xiii-xxxii). New York, NY: The New Press.
DeCuir J. T., Dixson A. D. (2004). So when it comes out, they aren’t that surprised that it is there: Using critical race theory as a tool of analysis of race and racism in education. Educational Researcher, 33(5), 26-31.
Delgado R. (1989). Storytelling for oppositionists and others: A plea for narrative. Michigan Law Review, 87, 2411-2441.
Delgado R.(Ed.). (1995). Critical race theory: The cutting edge. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Delgado. (1990). When a story is just a story: Does voice really matter? Virginia Law Review, 76, 95-111.
Donnor J. K. (2005). Towards an interest-convergence in the education of African American football student-athletes in major college sports. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 8, 45-67.
Donnor J. K., Brown A. L. (2011). The education of Black males in a “post-racial” world. Race Ethnicity and Education, 14, 1-5.
Feagin J. R. (2006). Systemic racism: A theory of oppression. New York, NY: Routledge.
Feagin J., Vera H. (1995). White racism: The basics. New York, NY: Routledge.
Freire P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York, NY: Seabury.
Freire P. (1985). The politics of education. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
Funk G. D. (1991). Major violation: the unbalanced priorities in athletics and academics. Major violation: the unbalanced priorities in athletics and academics.
Gallagher C. (2003). Color-blind privilege: The social and political functions of erasing the color line in post race America. Race, Gender & Class, 10(4), 22-37.
Gotanda N. (1991). A critique of “Our constitution is color-blind”, Standford Law Review, 44, 1-68.
Harper S. (2009). Race, interest convergence, and transfer outcomes for Black male student athletes. New Directions for Community Colleges, 147, 29-37.
Harrison L. Jr., Azzarito L., Burden J. Jr.(2004). Perceptions of athletic superiority: A view from the other side. Race Ethnicity and Education, 7, 149-166.
Harrison L. Jr., Sailes G., Rotich W. K., Bimper A. Jr.(2011). Living the dream or awakening from the nightmare: Race and athletic identity. Race Ethnicity and Education, 14, 91-103.
Harrison L. Jr.(2001). Understanding the influence of stereotypes: Implications for the African American in sport and physical activity. Quest, 53, 97-114.
Hartmann D. (2000). Rethinking the relationships between sport and race in American culture: Golden ghettos and contested terrain. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17, 229-253.
Ladson-Billings G. (1995). But that’s just good teaching! The case for culturally relevant pedagogy. Theory Into Practice, 34, 159-165.
Ladson-Billings G., Tate W. (1995). Toward a critical race theory of education. Teachers College Record, 97(1), 47-68.
Lapchick R. E. (2010). The 2010 Racial and Gender Report Card: College Sport. Retrieved from http://www.bus.ucf.edu/documents/sport/2010-college-rgrc.pdf.
Lapchick R. E. (2011). Think beyond the competition: 2011 racial and gender report card—Complete. Retrieved from http://www.bus.ucf.edu/sportbusiness/?page=1445.
Lapchick R. E. (2012). Mild progress continues: Assessing diversity among campus and conference leaders for football bowl subdivision (FBS) schools in the 2012-13 academic year. Retrieved from http://www.bus.ucf.edu/sportbusiness/?page=1445.
Lawrence C. R. (1995). The id, the ego, and equal protection: Reckoning with unconcious racism. In Crenshaw K., Gotanda N., Peller G., Thomas K. (Eds.), Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement (pp. 235-257). New York: The New Press.
Lawrence S. M. (2005). African American athletes’ experiences of race in sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 40, 99-100.
Lipsitz G. (1998). The possessive investment in whiteness: How whites profit from identity politics. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Matsuda M., Lawrence C., Delgado R., Crenshaw K.(Eds.). (1993). Words that wound: Critical race theory, assaultive speech, and the first amendment. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Merriam S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Miller P. B., Wiggins D. K. (Eds.). (2004). Sport and the Color Line: Black Athletes and Race Relations in Twentieth Century America. Routledge.
Omi M., Winant H. (1994). Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York, NY: Routledge.
Patton M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Rodriquez J. (2006). Color-blind ideology and the cultural appropriation of hip-hop. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35, 645-668.
Sailes G. A. (1998). The African American athlete: Social myths and stereotypes. In Sailes G. A. (Ed.), African Americans in sport: Contemporary themes (pp. 183-198). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Singer J. N. (2005). Understanding racism through the eyes of African American male student athletes. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8, 365-386.
Singer J. N. (2008). Benefits and detriments of African American male athletes’ participation in a big time college football program. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 43, 399-408.
Singer J. N. (2009). African American football athletes’ perspectives on institutional integrity in college sport. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), 102-116.
Solórzano D., Ceja M., Yosso T. (2000). Critical race theory, microaggressions, and campus racial climate: The experiences of African American college students. The Journal of Negro Education, 69(1-2), 60-73.
Solórzano D. G., Yosso T. J. (2002). Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework for education research. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1), 23-44.
Stake R. E. (2003). Case studies. In Denzin N. K., Lincoln Y. S. (Eds.), Strategies of qualitative inquiry (2nd ed., pp. 134-164). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Steele C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
Strauss A., Corbin J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Tate W. F. (1997). Critical race theory and education: History, theory, and implications. Review of Research in Education, 22, 195-247.
Teddlie C., Yu F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 77-100.
Torres V., Jones S. R., Renn K. A. (2009). Identity development theories in student affairs: Origins, current status, and new approaches. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 577-596.
Wiggins D. K., Miller P. B. (2003). The unlevel playing field: A documentary history of the African American experience in sport. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
Yin R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). London, England: Sage.

Biographies

Albert Y. Bimper Jr is an Assistant Professor at Colorado State University in the Ethnic Studies Department specializing in the area of diversity and inclusion issues in intercollegiate athletics. His research focuses on the intersection of race and sport, which spans the study of issues related to Black student athlete development, racism in sport, transition issues in sport, and exploring richer learning experiences for student athlete academic achievement. Dr. Bimper also serves as Colorado State’s Senior Associate Athletic Director for Diversity and Inclusion.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
Email Article Link
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published online: February 16, 2014
Issue published: June 2015

Keywords

  1. student athletes
  2. colorblind racism
  3. critical race theory

Rights and permissions

© The Author(s) 2014.
Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Albert Y. Bimper, Jr
Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, USA

Notes

Albert Y. Bimper Jr, Ethnic Studies Department, Colorado State University, Aylesworth Hall SE, Ethnic Studies, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Email: [email protected]

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Journal of Sport and Social Issues.

View All Journal Metrics

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 4772

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016


Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 13 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 36

  1. The Meanings Black Male Student–Athletes Ascribe to Their Collegiate Experience Through Counterspace Participation
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  2. All the Right Questions: Exploring Racial Stereotypes in Sports Press Conferences
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  3. “Telling My Sons How Angel Reese Stood Toe to Toe with the KKK and Won”: Colorblind Racism and Intersectionality in Sports Discourse on Social Media
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  4. Minority in a minority: exploring marginalisation in wheelchair rugby in the USA
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  5. Does Sport Bring Different Racial/Ethnic Groups Together? Examining U.S. Adults’ Beliefs and the Impact of Youth and Adult Sport Experiences
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  6. Black male college athletes’ self-schemata and (Un)critical consciousness
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  7. Racialisation and the inequitable experiences of racialised minority coaches in men's professional football club youth academies in England
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  8. The Experiences, and Effects, of Racial Mistreatments in the Lives of Black Male Collegiate Football Players: A Qualitative Analysis
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  9. Interventions in Support of Anti-Racist Praxis in Athletics
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  10. Name, Image, and Likeness (NIL) Opportunities for Black College Athletes: Strategically Facilitating Academic Achievement and Successful Career Transitions
    Go to citationCrossrefGoogle Scholar
  11. View More

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/EPUB

View PDF/EPUB

Full Text

View Full Text