The use of music technology in the enhancement of young pianists’ musical improvisations has been scarcely explored in instrumental music teaching and learning research. In the present study, 19 piano pupils aged 6–10 from the UK and Greece used an interactive improvisation system called Musical Interaction Relying On Reflexion (MIROR)-Impro for six weeks in order to enhance their improvisational skills. This system engages pupils in a musical dialogue, answering in the same style as the pupil’s input, creating a reflection of the user’s own musical ideas. Children participating in the study were drawn from a notation-based and classical piano education background, and had various levels of piano expertise. Four case studies are presented here in detail. Results indicate that the system enhances young pianists’ capability musically to explore and improvise, and several further questions are raised regarding the possible ways the system can be used in practice in the piano lesson.

Addessi, A. R., Pachet, F. (2006). Young children confronting the Continuator, an interactive reflective musical system. Musicae Scientiae, 10(1 suppl.), 1339.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Addessi, A. R., Volpe, G. (2011). The MIROR Project. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6964/2011, 1528.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Addessi, A., Volpe, G., Varne, G., Newman, S. (2012). Children music-making with interactive reflexive technology: A case study of Spiral Model of Specification [Paper presented at eChallenges e-2012]. In Cunningham, P., Cunningham, M. (Eds.), Conference Proceedings IIMC International Information Management Corporation, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.mirorproject.eu/content/docup/eChallenges2012_Addessi%20et%20Al..pdf
Google Scholar
Addison, R. (1988). A new look at musical improvisation in education. British Journal of Music Education, 5(3), 255267. doi:10.1017/S0265051700006665
Google Scholar | Crossref
Allen, R. (2013). Free improvisation and performance anxiety among piano students. Psychology of Music, 41(1), 7588. doi:10.1177/0305735611415750
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Ashley, R. (2009). Musical improvisation. In Hallam, S., Cross, I., Thaut, M. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of music psychology (pp. 413421). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Azzara, C. D. (1993). Audiation-based improvisation techniques and elementary instrumental students’ music achievement. Journal of Research in Music Education, 41, 328342
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Brown, A., Dillon, S. (2012). Collaborative digital media performance with generative music systems. In McPherson, G. E., Welch, G. E. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of music education (Vol. 2, pp. 549566). New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Burnard, P. (2007). Reframing creativity and technology: Promoting pedagogic change in music education. Journal of Music, Technology and Education, 1(1), 3755.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Burwell, K. (2013). Apprenticeship in music: A contextual study for instrumental teaching and learning. International Journal of Music Education, 31(3), 276291.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Chappell, S. (1999). Developing the complete pianist: A study of the importance of a whole-brain approach to piano teaching. British Journal of Music Education, 16(3), 253262.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Dean, R. (1989). Creative improvisation: Jazz, contemporary music and beyond. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Google Scholar
Folkestad, G., Hargreaves, D., Lindstrom, B. (1998). Compositional strategies in computer based music-making. British Journal of Music Education, 15(1), 8397.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Gall, M., Breeze, N. (2005). Music composition lessons: The multimodal affordances of technology. Educational Review, 5(4), 415433.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Gellrich, M., Parncutt, R. (1998). Piano technique and fingering in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: Bringing a forgotten method back to life. British Journal of Music Education, 15(1), 524.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Hanken, I. M. (2000). Student evaluation of instrumental teaching—A challenge to the teacher–student relationship. In: Woods, C., Luck, G., Brochard, R., Seddon, F., Sloboda, J. (Eds.), Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition. Keele, UK: Keele University.
Google Scholar
Hewitt, A. (2009). Some features of children’s composing in a computer-based environment: the influence of age, task familiarity and formal instrumental music tuition. Journal of Music, Technology and Education, 2(1), 524.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Kanellopoulos, P. (2007). Children’s early reflection on improvised music-making as the wellspring of musico-philosophical thinking. Philosophy of Music Education Review, 15(2), 119141.
Google Scholar | Crossref
McPherson, G. (2002). From sound to sign. In Parncutt, R., McPherson, G. (Eds.), The science and psychology of music performance (pp. 99115). New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Mellor, L. (2007). Computer-based composition in the Primary School: An investigation of children’s ‘creative’ responses using the CD Rom Dance eJay. European Journal of the Cognitive Sciences of Music, 9(1), 6188.
Google Scholar
Nettl, B . (1974). Thoughts on improvisation: A comparative approach. The Musical Quarterly, 60(1), 119. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/741663
Google Scholar
Nilsson, B., Folkestad, G. (2005). Children’s practice of computer-based composition 1. Music Education Research, 7(1), 2137.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Pachet, F. (2003). The continuator: Musical interaction with style. Journal of New Music Research, 32(3), 333341.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Rostvall, A.-L., West, T. (2003). Analysis of interaction and learning in instrumental teaching. Music Education Research, 5(3), 213226.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Savage, J., Butcher, J. (2008). DubDubDub: Improvisation using the sounds of the World Wide Web. Journal of Music, Technology and Education, 1(1), 8396.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Scripp, L., Meyaard, J., Richardson, L. (1988). Discerning musical development: Using computers to discover what we know. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 22, 7588.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Seddon, F. A., O’Neill, S. A. (2001). An evaluation study of computer-based compositions by children with and without prior experience of formal instrumental music tuition. Psychology of Music, 29(1), 419.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Seddon, F. A., O’Neill, S. A. (2003). Creative thinking processes in adolescent computer-based composition: An analysis of strategies adopted and the influence of instrumental music training. Music Education Research, 5(2) 125137.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Sloboda, J., Davidson, J., Howe, M., Moore, D. (1996). The role of practice in the development of performing musicians. British Journal of Psychology, 87(2), 287309.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Stauffer, S. (2001). Composing with computers: Meg makes music. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 150 (Fall), 120.
Google Scholar
Triantafyllaki, A., Anagnostopoulou, C., Alexakis, A. (2012, 23–28 July). An exploratory study of young children’s technology-enabled improvisations. In Cambouropoulos, E., Tsougras, C., Mavromatis, P., Pastiadis, K. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC) and the 8th Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM) (pp. 10091015). Thessaloniki, Greece: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Google Scholar
Upitis, R. (1992). Can I play you my song? The compositions and invented notations of children. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books.
Google Scholar
Volpe, G., Varni, G., Mazzarino, B., Addessi, A.R. (2012, 12–15 June). BeSound: Embodied reflexion for music education in childhood. In Proceedings of The 11th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC2012) (pp. 172175). New York: ACM.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Young, S. (2003). Time–space structuring in spontaneous play on educational percussion instruments among three- and four-year-olds. British Journal of Music Education, 20(1), 4559.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Young, S. (2008a). Communicative creativity in young children’s spontaneous music-making. International Journal of Experimental Research in Education, 47(1), 310.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Young, S. (2008b). Collaboration between 3 and 4 year olds in self-initiated play on instruments. Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, 43(1), 7388.
Google Scholar
Young, S., Rowe, V. (2012, 23–28 July). Young children’s improvisations on a keyboard: How might reflexive technologies support the processes of learning to improvise? In Cambouropoulos, E., Tsougras, C., Mavromatis, P., Pastiadis, K. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC) and the 8th Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM) (pp. 11621163), Thessaloniki, Greece: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

IJM-article-ppv for $36.00