This descriptive study examined professional conductors’ use of rehearsal time in sequential pattern components, discussing task presentation targets, and using verbal imagery and modeling techniques. Commercially available videos of 15 professional conductors rehearsing prominent orchestras were scripted, coded, and timed for selected teaching behaviors. Results revealed that professional conductors spent a large amount of rehearsal time allowing the ensemble to perform, presenting musical information, and focusing on interpretational aspects of the music (especially dynamics and style). All the conductors used verbal modeling to some extent, and most used verbal imagery at some point in rehearsal. Preservice and practicing music educators/conductors may find these results to be beneficial when reflecting on and refining their own teaching skills.

Bergee, M. J. (2005). An exploratory comparison of novice, intermediate, and expert orchestral conductors. International Journal of Music Education, 23, 2336. doi:10.1177/0255761405050928
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Caldwell, W. M. (1980). A time analysis of selected musical elements and leadership behaviors of successful high school choral conductors (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
Google Scholar
Carpenter, R. A. (1988). A descriptive analysis of relationships between verbal behaviors of teacher-conductors and ratings of selected junior and senior high school band rehearsals. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 7, 3740. doi:10.1177/875512338800700111
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Cavitt, M. E. (2003). A descriptive analysis of error correction in instrumental music rehearsals. Journal of Research in Music Education, 51, 218230. doi:10.2307/3345375
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Colprit, E. (2000). Observation and analysis of Suzuki string teaching. Journal of Research in Music Education, 48, 206221. doi:10.2307/3345394
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Dickey, M. R. (1991). A comparison of verbal instruction and non-verbal teacher–student modeling in instructional ensembles. Journal of Research in Music Education, 39, 132142. doi:10.2307/3344693
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Dickey, M. R. (1992). A review of research on modeling in music teaching and learning. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 113, 2740.
Google Scholar
Duke, R. A. (1994). Bringing the art of rehearsing into focus: The rehearsal frame as a model for prescriptive analysis of rehearsal conducting. Journal of Band Research, 30(1), 7895.
Google Scholar | ISI
Duke, R. A. (1999). Teacher and student behavior in Suzuki string lessons: Results from the international research symposium on talent education. Journal of Research in Music Education, 47, 293307. doi:10.2307/3345485
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Goolsby, T. W. (1996). Time use in instrumental rehearsals: A comparison of experienced, novice, and student teachers. Journal of Research in Music Education, 44, 286303. doi:10.2307/3345442
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Goolsby, T. W. (1997). Verbal instruction in instrumental rehearsals: A comparison of three career levels and preservice teachers. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45, 2140. doi:10.2307/3345463
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Goolsby, T. W. (1999). A comparison of expert and novice music teachers’ preparing identical band compositions: An operational replication. Journal of Research in Music Education, 47, 174187. doi:10.2307/3345722
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Grechesky, R. N. (1985). An analysis of nonverbal and verbal conducting behaviors and their relationship to expressive musical performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Google Scholar
Henley, P. T. (2001). Effects of modeling and tempo patterns as practice techniques on the performance of high school instrumentalists. Journal of Research in Music Education, 49, 169180. doi:10.2307/3345868
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Hewitt, M. P. (2001). The effects of modeling, self-evaluation, and self-listening on junior high instrumentalists’ music performance and practice attitude. Journal of Research in Music Education, 49, 307322. doi:10.2307/3345614
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Price, H. E. (1983). The effect of conductor academic task presentation, conductor reinforcement, and ensemble practice on performers’ musical achievement, attentiveness, and attitude. Journal of Research in Music Education, 31, 245257. doi:10.2307/3344628
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Price, H. E. (1992). Sequential patterns of instruction and learning to use them. Journal of Research in Music Education, 40, 1429. doi:10.2307/3345771
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Price, H. E., Yarbrough, C. (1991). Validation of sequential patterns of instruction in music. Canadian Journal of Research in Music Education, 33, 165172.
Google Scholar
Rosenthal, R. K. (1984). The relative effects of guided model, model only, guide only, and practice only treatments on the accuracy of advanced instrumentalists’ musical performance. Journal of Research in Music Education, 32, 265273. doi:10.2307/3344924
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Rosenthal, R. K., Wilson, M., Evans, M., Greenwald, L. (1988). The effects of different practice conditions on advanced instrumentalists’ performing accuracy. Journal of Research in Music Education, 36, 250257. doi:10.2307/3344877
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Sang, R. C. (1987). A study of the relationship between instrumental music teachers’ modeling skills and pupil performance behaviors. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 91, 155159.
Google Scholar
Sheldon, D. A. (2004). Listeners’ identification of musical expression through figurative language and musical terminology. Journal of Research in Music Education, 54, 357368. doi:10.1177/002242940405200407
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Sheldon, D. A., Brittin, R. V. (2012). A comparison of pre- and post-student teachers’ perceptions of instrumental music educators’ verbal and vocal teaching strategies. In Proceedings of the 24th International Seminar on Research in Music Education (pp. 213222). Melbourne: International Society for Music Education (ISME).
Google Scholar
Thurman, V. L. (1977). A frequency and time description of selected rehearsal behaviors used by five choral conductors (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL.
Google Scholar
Whitaker, J. A. (2011). Analyses of high school band students’ and directors’ perceptions of verbal and nonverbal teaching behaviors. Journal of Research in Music Education, 59, 273289. doi:10.1177/0022429411414910
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Witt, A. C. (1986). Use of class time and student attentiveness in secondary instrumental music rehearsals. Journal of Research in Music Education, 34, 3442. doi:10.2307/3344796
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Woody, R. H. (1999). The relationship between explicit planning and expressive performance of dynamic variations in an aural modeling task. Journal of Research in Music Education, 47, 331342. doi:10.2307/3345488
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Worthy, M. D. (2003). Rehearsal frame analysis of an expert wind conductor in high school vs. college band rehearsals. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 156, 1119.
Google Scholar
Worthy, M. D. (2006). Observations of three expert wind conductors in college rehearsals. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 168, 5161.
Google Scholar
Worthy, M. D., Thompson, B. L. (2009). Observation and analysis of expert teaching in beginning band. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 180, 2941.
Google Scholar
Yarbrough, C. (1988). Content and pacing in music teaching. In Flowers, P. J. (Ed.), Current issues in music education: Vol.13: Student and teacher competencies: Interacting for success. Columbus, OH: Division of Music Education, School of Music, The Ohio State University.
Google Scholar
Yarbrough, C. (2002). Sequencing musical tasks: The teaching artistry of Robert Shaw. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 21, 3037. doi:10.1177/87551233020210010601
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Yarbrough, C., Price, H. E. (1989). Sequential patterns of instruction in music. Journal of Research in Music Education, 37, 179187. doi:10.2307/3344668
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

IJM-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in: