At the elementary level, White, female music teachers largely populate music education. In the diverse schools of Toronto in Canada, teachers navigate their White subjectivities in a range of ways. My research examines the discourses, philosophies, and practices of four White, female elementary music educators who have striven to challenge dominant paradigms of music education. Their practices include critically engaging issues of social justice, studying a broad range of musics, and emphasizing contextualization. In many ways, these teachers interrupt the Eurocentric paradigm of music education to explore other possibilities with students. However, equity work is messy, and there were also moments that unsettled these teachers’ active equity agendas. This article describes both the subversions and the reinscriptions in a way that might be instructive to music education.

Abril, C. R. (2003). Beyond content integration: Multicultural dimensions in the application of music teaching and learning (PhD dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
Google Scholar
Adamek, M. S., Darrow, A.-A. (2010). Music in special education (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: The American Music Therapy Association.
Google Scholar
Altheide, D. L., Johnson, J. M. (2011). Reflections on interpretive adequacy in qualitative research. In Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 581594). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Asante, M. K. (1991). The Afrocentric idea in education. Journal of Negro Education, 60(2), 170180.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Banks, J. A. (2013). Multicultural education: Characteristics and goals. In Banks, J. A., McGee Banks, C. A. (Eds.), Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives (8th ed., pp. 323). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Google Scholar
Bates, V. (2012). Social class and school music. Music Educators Journal, 98(4), 3337.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bergonzi, L. (2009). Sexual orientation and music education: Continuing a tradition. Music Educators Journal, 96(2), 2125.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2006). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States (2nd ed.). Toronto, Canada: Rowman & Littlefield.
Google Scholar
Bradley, D. (2003). Singing in the dark: Choral music education and the other. Paper presented at the Fifth International Symposium for the Philosophy of Music, Lake Forest College, IL. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Deborah_Bradley/publications
Google Scholar
Bradley, D. (2006a). Education, multiculturalism, and anti-racism – Can we talk? Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education, 5(2), 130.
Google Scholar
Bradley, D. (2006b). Global song, global citizens? Multicultural choral music education and the community youth choir: Constituting the multicultural human subject (PhD dissertation). Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Canada.
Google Scholar
Butler, A., Lind, V. L., McKoy, C. L. (2007). Equity and access in music education: Conceptualizing culture as barriers to and supports for music learning. Music Education Research, 9(2), 241253.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Countryman, J. (2009). Stumbling towards clarity: Practical issues in teaching global musics. In Gould, E., Countryman, J., Morton, C., Stewart Rose, L. (Eds.), Exploring social justice: How music education might matter (pp. 2337). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Music Educators’ Association.
Google Scholar
Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Dei, G. J. S. (2000). Towards an anti-racism discursive framework. In Dei, G. J. S., Calliste, A. (Eds.), Power, knowledge and anti-racism education (pp. 2340). Halifax, Canada: Fernwood Publishing.
Google Scholar
Dei, G. J. S., Hall, B. L., Rosenberg, D. G. (Eds.). (2000). Indigenous knowledges in global contexts: Multiple readings of our world. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
Google Scholar
Dei, G. J. S., Kempf, A. (Eds.). (2006). Anti-colonialism and education: The politics of resistance. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Google Scholar
Delgado Bernal, D . (2002). Critical Race Theory, Latino Critical Theory, and critical raced-gendered epistemologies: Recognizing students of color as holders and creators of knowledge. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1), 105126.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Dobbs, T. L. (2012). A critical analysis of disabilities discourse in the Journal of Research in Music Education, 1990–2011. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 194, 730.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ellis, C., Bochner, A., Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., Morse, J., Pelias, R., Richardson, L. (2008). Talking and thinking about qualitative research. Qualitative Inquiry, 14(2), 254284.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Giroux, H. A. (1982). Theory and resistance in education: A pedagogy for the opposition. Boston, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
Google Scholar
Glaser, B. G., Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. T. (1993). Racist culture: Philosophy and the politics of meaning. Cambridge, UK: Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Gould, E. (2004). Feminist theory in music education research: Grrl-illa games as nomadic practice (or how music education fell from grace). Music Education Research, 6(1), 6780.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Gould, E. (2005). Desperately seeking Marsha: Music and the lesbian imagination. Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education, 4(3), 118.
Google Scholar
Gould, E. (2007). Social justice in music education: The problematic of democracy. Music Education Research, 9(2), 229240.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Gould, E. (2008). Devouring the other: Democracy in music education. Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education, 7(1), 2944.
Google Scholar
Government of Ontario . (2009). The Ontario curriculum grades 1–8: The arts (revised). Toronto, Canada: Ministry of Education and Training. Retrieved from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/elementary/arts18b09curr.pdf
Google Scholar
Guba, E., Lincoln, Y. S. (1981). Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation results through responsive and naturalistic approaches. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Gustafson, R. I. (2009). Race and curriculum: Music in childhood education. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Gutiérrez, K., Rogoff, B. (2003). Cultural ways of learning: Individual traits or repertoires of practice. Educational Researcher, 32(5), 1925.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Hanley, M. S., Noblit, G. (2009). Cultural responsiveness, racial identity and academic success: A review of literature. Paper prepared for The Heinz Endowments. Retrieved from http://www.heinz.org/UserFiles/Library/Culture-Report_FINAL.pdf
Google Scholar
Harris, C. I. (1995). Whiteness as property. In Crenshaw, K., Gotanda, N., Peller, G., Thomas, K. (Eds.), Critical race theory: The key writings that formed the movement (pp. 276291). New York, NY: The New Press.
Google Scholar
Hess, J. (2013). Radical musicking: Challenging dominant paradigms in elementary music education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved from https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/43593
Google Scholar
Hess, J. (2015). Decolonizing music education: Moving beyond tokenism. International Journal of Music Education, 33(3), 336347.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
hooks, b. (1992). Black looks: Race and representation. Boston, MA: South End Press.
Google Scholar
hooks, b. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Kilgore, D. W. (2001). Critical and postmodern perspectives in learning. In Merriam, S. B. (Ed.), The new update of education theory: New directions in adult and continuing education (pp. 5362). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Koza, J. E. (1994). Big boys don’t cry (or sing): Gender, misogyny, and homophobia in college choral methods texts. The Quarterly Journal of Music Teaching and Learning, IV(4), 4864.
Google Scholar
Koza, J. E. (2008). Listening for Whiteness: Hearing racial politics in undergraduate school music. Philosophy of Music Education Review, 16(2), 145155.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ladson-Billings, G. (1998). Just what is critical race theory and what’s it doing in a nice field like education? Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(1), 724.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Lamb, R. (1996). Discords: Feminist pedagogy in music education. Theory into Practice, 35(2), 124131.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Lamb, R., Dolloff, L.-A., Howe, S. W. (2002). Feminism, feminist research, and gender research in music education. In Colwell, R., Richardson, C. (Eds.), The new handbook of research on music teaching and learning (pp. 648674). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Lashbrook, S., Mantie, R. (2009). Valuing subjugated experience: The One World Youth Arts Project. In Gould, E., Countryman, J., Morton, C., Stewart Rose, L. (Eds.), Exploring social justice: How music education might matter (pp. 292303). Toronto, ON: Canadian Music Educators’ Association.
Google Scholar
Lather, P. (2007). Getting lost: Feminist efforts toward a double(d) science. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Lincoln, Y. S., Lynham, S. A., Guba, E. (2011). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. In Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 97128). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
McIntosh, P. (1988). White privilege: Unpacking the invisible knapsack. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College Center for Research on Women.
Google Scholar
Memmi, A. (1965). The colonizer and the colonized (Greenfield, H. , trans.). Boston, MA: Orion Press.
Google Scholar
Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Morrison, T. (1990). Playing in the dark: Whiteness and the literary imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Morton, C. (1994). Feminist theory and the displaced music curriculum: Beyond the “add and sitr” projects. Philosophy of Music Education Review, 2(2), 106121.
Google Scholar
Murphy, J., Sullivan, G. (1968). Music in American society: An interpretive report of the Tanglewood Symposium. Washington, DC: Music Educators National Conference.
Google Scholar
Reinharz, S. (1997). Who am I? The need for a variety of selves in the field. In Hertz, R. (Ed.), Reflexivity and voice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Schmidt, P. K. (2008). Democracy and dissensus: Constructing conflict in music education. Action, Criticism & Theory for Music Education, 7(1), 1028.
Google Scholar
Seddon, F. (2004). Inclusive music curricula for the 21st century. In Bartel, L. (Ed.), Questioning the music education paradigm (pp. 212227). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Music Educators’ Association.
Google Scholar
Singleton, G. E., Linton, C. W. (2006). Courageous conversations about race: A field guide for achieving equity in schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Google Scholar
Sotomayor, L., Kim, I. (2009). Initiating social change in a conservatory of music: Possibilities and limitations of community outreach work. In Gould, E., Countryman, J., Morton, C., Stewart Rose, L. (Eds.), Exploring social justice: How music education might matter (pp. 225239). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Music Educators’ Association.
Google Scholar
Vaugeois, L. (2009). Music as a practice of social justice. In Gould, E., Countryman, J., Morton, C., Stewart Rose, L. (Eds.), Exploring social justice: How music education might matter (pp. 222). Toronto, Canada: Canadian Music Educators’ Association.
Google Scholar
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed., Vol. 5). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

IJM-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in:

Related Articles

Citing articles: 0