Abstract
This pilot study analyzed the learning activities of adult musicians during the composition of a new musical work through online collaboration. The participants interacted in a virtual environment using synchronous and asynchronous tools to develop the composition project. The study utilized a mixed method descriptive design through video observation of the participants’ interactions during the online activities. In addition, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants after the learning sessions to analyze the method of work and the processes adopted. The findings showed that (1) the participants successfully completed the composing task in the virtual environment; (2) the following five learning activities were observed during the video recording analysis: experimenting, listening/evaluating, constructing, playing and technical issues; (3) the following two themes emerged from the semi-structured interview analysis: activities and processes. The results are discussed considering the educational implications of the processes activated during the activities.
|
Allsup, R. E. (2003). Mutual learning and democratic action in instrumental music education. Journal of Research in Music Education, 51(1), 24–37. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Biasutti, M. (2012). Group music composing strategies: A case study within a rock band. British Journal of Music Education, 29(3), 343–357. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Biasutti, M. (2013a). Improvisation in dance education: Teacher views. Research in Dance Education, 14 (2), 120–140. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Biasutti, M. (2013b). Orchestra rehearsal strategies: Conductor and performer views. Musicae Scientiae, 17 (1), 57–71. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Biasutti, M. (2015). Creativity in virtual spaces: Communication modes employed during collaborative online music composition, Thinking Skills and Creativity, 17, 117–129. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Biasutti, M. (2017). A comparative analysis of forums and wikis as tools for online collaborative learning, Computers & Education, 111, 158–171. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bowman, J. (2014). Online learning in music: Foundations, frameworks, and practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brown, A. R., Dillon, S. C. (2012). Collaborative digital media performance with generative music systems. In McPherson, G., Welch, G. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Education (Vol. 2, pp. 549–566). New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Burnard, P., Younker, B. A. (2008). Investigating children’s musical interactions within the activities systems of group composing and arranging: An application of Engeström’s Activity Theory. International Journal of Educational Research, 47, 60–74. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Cayari, C. (2011). The YouTube effect: How YouTube has provided new ways to consume, create, and share music. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 12(6), 1–30. Google Scholar | |
|
Dillon, T. (2003). Collaborating and creating using music technologies. International Journal of Educational Research, 39(8), 893–897. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Fautley, M. (2004). Teacher intervention strategies in the composing processes of lower secondary school students. International Journal of Music Education, 22, 201–218. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Green, L. (2009). Music, informal learning and the school: A new classroom pedagogy. Aldershot: Ashgate. Google Scholar | |
|
Hewitt, A. (2002). A comparative analysis of process and product with specialist and generalist pre-service teachers involved in a group composition activity. Music Education Research, 4, 25–36. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hopkins, M. T. (2015). Collaborative composing in high school string chamber music ensembles. Journal of Research in Music Education, 62(4), 405–424. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Jaffurs, S. E. (2004). The impact of informal music learning practices in the classroom, or how I learned how to teach from a garage band. International Journal of Music Education, 22(3), 189–200. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Kenny, A. (2014). “Collaborative creativity” within a jazz ensemble as a musical and social practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 13, 1–8. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kruse, N. B., Harlos, S. C., Callahan, R. M., Herring, M. L. (2013). Skype music lessons in the academy: Intersections of music education, applied music and technology. Journal of Music, Technology & Education, 6(1), 43–60. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kump, B., Moskaliuk, J., Dennerlein, S., Ley, T. (2013). Tracing knowledge co-evolution in a realistic course setting: A wiki-based field experiment. Computers & Education, 69, 60–70. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Michielse, M., Partti, H. (2015). Producing a meaningful difference: The significance of small creative acts in composing within online participatory remix practices. International Journal of Community Music, 8(1), 27–40. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Partti, H., Westerlund, H. (2013). Envisioning collaborative composing in music education: Learning and negotiation of meaning in operabyyou.com. British Journal of Music Education, 30, 207–222. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pike, P. D., Shoemaker, K. (2013). The effect of distance learning on acquisition of piano sight-reading skills. Journal of Music, Technology & Education, 6(2), 147–162. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Randles , C. (Ed.). (2015). Music Education. Navigating the Future. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Ruismäki, H., Juvonen, A., Lehtonen, K. (2012). The Internet as a Learning Environment in guitar playing: Rane’s search for information and expertise. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 45, 381–390. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ruthmann, S. A., Hebert, D. G. (2012). Music learning and new media in virtual and online environments. In McPherson, G., Welch, G. (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Music Education (Vol. 2; pp. 567–583). New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Salavuo, M. (2006). Open and informal online communities as forums of collaborative musical activities and learning. British Journal of Music Education, 23(3), 253–71. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sawyer, R. K. (2008). Learning music from collaboration. International Journal of Educational Research, 47(1), 50–59. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Seddon, F.A., Biasutti, M. (2009). Participant approaches to and reflections on learning to play a 12-bar blues in an asynchronous e-learning environment. International Journal of Music Education, 27(3), 189–203. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Thibeault, M. D. (2012). Music education in the postperformance world. In McPherson, G. E., Welch, G. F. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Education (Vol.2; pp. 517–530). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorgersen, K., Zandén, O. (2014). The Internet as teacher, Journal of Music, Technology & Education, 7(2), 233–244. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Tobias, E. S. (2012). Hybrid spaces and hyphenated musicians: Secondary students’ musical engagement in a songwriting and technology course. Music Education Research, 14(3), 329–46. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Vakeva, L. (2009). The world well lost, found: Reality and authenticity in Green’s “New Classroom Pedagogy”. Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education, 8(2), 7–34. Google Scholar | |
|
Veblen, K. K. (2012). Adult music learning in formal, nonformal, and informal contexts. In McPherson, G. E., Welch, G. F. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Education (Vol. 2; pp. 243–256). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Veblen, K. K., Waldron, J. L. (2012). Fast forward: Emerging trends in community music. In McPherson, G. E., Welch, G. F. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Music Education (Vol. 2; pp. 203–219). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Wegerif, R. (2006). A dialogic understanding of the relationship between CSCL and teaching thinking skills. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1(1), 143–157. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Waldron, J. (2013). YouTube, fanvids, forums, vlogs and blogs: Informal music learning in a convergent on-and offline music community. International Journal of Music Education, 31(1), 91–105. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |

