The Internet and Knowledge Gaps: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation
Abstract
Although the knowledge gap hypothesis is often mentioned in connection with the social consequences of the Information Society, there is little discussion of its theoretical background or specific empirical evidence. Therefore, this article explores the theoretical potential of the knowledge gap perspective for Internet research and presents data based on two recent Internet surveys, which demonstrate a double digital divide. Access to the Internet in Switzerland is still dominated by well-educated, affluent, young males and between 1997 and 2000 the gap between those who do and those who do not have access widened not narrowed. Furthermore, there are gaps in the use of the Internet too. More educated people use the Internet more actively and their use is more information oriented, whereas the less educated seem to be interested particularly in the entertainment functions of the Internet.
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1.
1. The author is a member of the WEMF research commission.
2.
2. There are certain differences between the two MA COMIS surveys: first, the second survey (2000) was based on a representative sample of people having access to the Internet, and of these 1757 (83 percent) used the Internet at home at least several times per month (referred to as narrow usership), whereas the first survey (1999) was based on a representative sample of 2000 people using computers, 853 (43 percent) of them used the Internet at least several times per month. Secondly, several attitude-oriented questions were included only in the first survey of 1999.
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