Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Other
First published March 2007

Lethal opioids or dangerous prescribers?

First page of PDF

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

References

Sykes NA. Thorns. Sedative use in the last week of life and the implications for end-of-life decision making. Arch. Int. Med. 2003; 163: 341-344.
Ahmedzai SH. Window of opportunity for pain control in the terminally ill. Lancet 2001; 357: 1304-1305.
Anonymous. The persistent problem with pain. Lancet 2001; 357: 1217-1217.
Borgbjerg, F, Nielsen K, Franks J. Experimental pain stimulates respiration and attenuates morphine-induced respiratory depression: a controlled study in human volunteers. Pain 1996; 64: 123-128.
Corkery JM, Hamid Ghodse FS, Adenekan Oyefeso A. The effects of methadone and its role in fatalities. Hum Psychopharmacol: Clin Exp 2004; 19: 565-576.
Fohr S. The double effect of pain medication: separating myth from reality. J Palliat Med 1998; 1: 315-328.
Gilbert J, Kirkham S. Double effect, double bind or double speak?. Palliat Med 1999; 13: 365-366.
Good PR, Cavenagh J. Effects of opioids and sedatives on survival in an Australian inpatient palliative care population. Int Med J 2005; 35: 512-517.
Hill CSOsl. The barriers to adequate pain management with opioid analgesics. Sem Oncol. 20(Suppl 1): 1-5.
Levy M. Pain management in advanced cancer. Sem Oncol 1984; 12: 394-410.
McQuay H. Opioids in pain management. Lancet 1999; 353: 2229-2232.
Morita TT, Inoue J, Chihara S. Effects of high dose opioids and sedatives on survival in terminally ill cancer patients. J Pain Sympt Manag 2001; 21: 282-289.
Portenoy R. Appropriate use of opioids for persistent non-cancer pain. Lancet 2004; 364: 739-740.
Portenoy R, Lesage P. Management of cancer pain. The Lancet 1999; 353: 1695-1700.
Portenoy RK, Coyle N. Controversies in the long-term management of analgesic therapy in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Sympt Manag 1990; 5: 307-319.
Regnard C, Badger C. Opioids, Sleep and the time of death. Palliat Med 1987; 1: 107-110.
Thorns A. More openness needed in palliative care. Doctrine of double effect means that death is not intended. BMJ 1998; 316: 391-391.
Thorns A, Sykes N. Opioid use in last week of life and implications for end-of-life decision-making. Lancet 2000; 356: 398-399.
Turner K, Chye R, Aggarwal G, Philip J, Skeels A, Lickiss JN. Dignity in dying: a preliminary study of patients in the last three days of life. J Palliat Care 1996; 12: 7-13.
Twycross R. Ethical and clinical aspects of pain treatment in cancer patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavia 1982; 74(Suppl): 83-90.
Wall P. The generation of yet another myth on the use of narcotics. Pain 1997; 73: 121-122.
Walsh T. Opiates and respiratory function in advanced cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 1984; 41: 115-117.
Hanks G, Cherny N, Fallon M. Opioid analgesic therapy. In Doyle D. et al., eds. Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2004: 316-341.
Portenoy R. Opioid use and survival at the end of life: a survey of a hospice population. J Pain Symp Manag 2006; 32: 532-540.
Chan J, Treece PD, Engelberg RA, et al. Narcotic and benzodiazepine use after withdrawal of life support: association with time to death?. Chest, 2004; 126: 286-293.
Edwards M. Opioids and benzodiazepines appear paradoxically to delay inevitable death after ventilator withdrawal. J Palliat Care, 2005; 21: 299-302.
Estfan B, Mahmoud F, Shaheen P, et al. Respiratory function during parenteral opioid titration for cancer pain. Palliat Med 2007: 21: 81-86.
Hu WC, Cheng TY, Chen CY. Morphine for dyspnea control in terminal cancer patients: is it appropriate in Taiwan? J Pain Symp Manag 2004; 28: 356-363.
Mazzocato CBT, Rapin CH. The effects of morphine on dyspnea and ventilatory function in elderly patients with advanced cancer: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Annals Oncol 1999; 10: 1511-1514.
Boyd K, Kelly M. Oral morphine as symptomatic treatment of dyspnoea in patients with advanced cancer. Palliat Med 1997; 11: 277-281.
Bruera E, Macmillan K, Pither RT, McDonald RN. Effects of morphine on the dyspnoea of terminal cancer patients. J Pain Sympt Manag 1990; 5: 341-344.
Rurup M, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, van der Heide A, van der Wal G, van der Mass PJ. Trends in the agents used for euthanasia and the relationship with the number of notifications. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 2006; 150: 618-624.
Schmidt C. Carotid sinus reflexes to the respiratory centre: I. Identification. Am J Physiol 1932; 102: 94-119.
Devlin JRv. Adams (Bodkin), in Crim. Law Rev. 1957.
Dyer C. British GP cleared of murder charge. BMJ 1999; 318: 1306a-1306a.
Walton of Detchant, L., Select Committee on Medical Ethics Report. 1994, House of Lords: The Stationary Office. p. 3 vols.
Seale C. National survery of end-of-life decisions made by UK medical practitioners. Palliat Med 2006; 20: 3-10.
Seale C. Characteristics of end-of-life decisions: survey of UK medical practitioners. Palliat Med 2006; 20: 653-659.
Kuhse H, Singer P, Braume P, Clark M, Richard M. End-of-life decisions in Australian medical practice. Med J Aust 1997; 166: 191-196.
van der Heide A, et al. End-of-life decision-making in six European countries: descriptive study. Lancet 2003; 362: 345-350.
Forbes K, Huxtable R. Clarifying the data on double effect. Palliat Med, 2006; 20: 395-395.
Ashby M. The fallacies of death causation in palliative care. Med J Aust, 1997; 166: 176-177.
Doyal L. When doctors might kill their patients: The moral character of doctors or the best interests of patients? BMJ 1999; 318: 1432-1433.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published: March 2007
Issue published: March 2007

Rights and permissions

Request permissions for this article.

History

Published online: March 1, 2007
Issue published: March 2007
PubMed: 17344254

Authors

Affiliations

Rob George
Meadow House Hospice, Ealing PCT, Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Philosophy, University College London, [email protected]
Claud Regnard
St. Oswald’s Hospice, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Northumberland Tyne &Wear NHS Trust, [email protected]

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Palliative Medicine.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 214

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016

Altmetric

See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores


Articles citing this one

Web of Science: 25 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 32

  1. Real-world ethics in palliative care: A systematic review of the ethic...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  2. Intentionally terminating life (ITL) and doctors’ direct involvement (...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. Chapitre 22. Pratiques sédatives
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Palliative opioid use, palliative sedation and euthanasia: reaffirming...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. End-of-Life Care
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. Pulmonale Symptome
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Editorial
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  8. Exploring the interface between ‘physician-assisted death’ and palliat...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. Pulmonale Symptome
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. A clinical method for physicians in palliative care: the four points o...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. Les symptômes réfractaires : clinique et pratique de la sédation
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Was ist zu tun?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. Notfall bei einem Palliativpatienten — was ist zu tun?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. Three myths in end-of-life care
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. End of Life Care
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  16. Pulmonale Symptome
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. Was Sie tun können, wenn es einem Palliativpatienten schlechter geht
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. Ethical issues in palliative care
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  19. The Infusion of Opioids During Terminal Withdrawal of Mechanical Venti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  20. Benchmarking opioids in the last 24 hours of life
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. What to do when a competent ICU patient does not want to live anymore ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. Influence of the metropolitan environment on end-of-life decisions: A ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. Quelques précisions et commentaires du Comité scientifique de la SFAP ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  24. Ethical and legal issues in end-of-life care
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  25. The effect of the Shipman murders on clinician attitudes to prescribin...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  26. Nasale Anwendung von Fentanylzitrat zur Kupierung von Atemnot in der P...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  27. Fonctions cognitives et vigilance des patients hospitalisés dans une u...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  28. End-of-life decisions in the United Kingdom involving medical practiti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarPub Med
  29. The Doctrine of Double Effect and end-of-life decisions
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  30. Relieving suffering or hastening death: A misrepresentation
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  31. Ethical issues in palliative care
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  32. Euthanasia: A caricature of care, not a cure for suffering
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:

APM members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.

APM members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub