![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
The present study examines the reciprocal associations between cyberbullying behavior and young adolescents’ social status. For this purpose, a two-wave panel study with an 8-month time interval was conducted among an entire grade of 154 secondary school pupils (age 12-14). The survey featured items on traditional bullying and cyberbullying as well as peer-nomination questions on sociometric and perceived popularity. Cyberbullying was related to subsequent increases in perceived popularity of the perpetrators. In contrast, traditional bullying perpetration was not longitudinally associated with social status during the studied period. Although perceived popularity was also expected to precede cyberbullying behavior, this was not observed. Taken together, the results suggest that electronic forms of bullying, rather than traditional forms, can provide a means to acquire additional perceived popularity in early adolescence. The findings warrant future research on the factors that moderate the association between cyberbullying and social status.
References
Section:
|
Adams, R. E., Bukowski, W. M., Bagwell, C. (2005). Stability of aggression during early adolescence as moderated by reciprocated friendship status and friend’s aggression. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 139-145. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Atlas, R. S., Pepler, D. J. (1998). Observations of bullying in the classroom. The Journal of Educational Research, 92, 86-99. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Babad, E. (2001). On the conception and measurement of popularity: More facts and some straight conclusions. Social Psychology of Education, 5, 3-30. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Badaly, D., Kelly, B. M., Schwartz, D., Dabney-Lieras, K. (2013). Longitudinal associations of electronic aggression and victimization with social standing during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 891-904. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Blyth, D. A., Hill, J. P., Thiel, K. S. (1982). Early adolescents’ significant others: Grade and gender differences in perceived relationships with familial and nonfamilial adults and young people. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 11, 425-450. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
boyd, d. (2010). Friendship. In Ito, M.. (Eds.), Hanging out, messing around, and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media (pp. 79-115). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Bukowski, W. M., Sippola, L. K. (2001). Groups, individuals and victimisation. In Juvonen, J., Graham, S. (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 355-377). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., Padilla, P. (2010). Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1128-1135. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Cillessen, A. H. N., Rose, A. J. (2005). Understanding popularity in the peer system. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 102-105. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
de Bruyn, E. H., Cillessen, A. H. N., Wissink, I. B. (2010). Associations of peer acceptance and perceived popularity with bullying and victimization in early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30, 543-566. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
de Bruyn, E. H., van den Boom, D. C. (2005). Interpersonal behavior, peer popularity, and self-esteem in early adolescence. Social Development, 14, 555-573. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Dehue, F., Bolman, C., Völlink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters’ experiences and parental perception. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 217-223. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Dijkstra, J. K., Lindenberg, S., Veenstra, R. (2007). Same-gender and cross-gender peer acceptance and peer rejection and their relation to bullying and helping among preadolescents: Comparing predictions from gender-homophily and goal-framing approaches. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1377-1389. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Dijkstra, J. K., Lindenberg, S., Veenstra, R. (2008). Beyond the class norm: Bullying behavior of popular adolescents and its relation to peer acceptance and rejection. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 1289-1299. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Duffy, A. L., Nesdale, D. (2009). Peer groups, social identity, and children’s bullying behavior. Social Development, 18, 121-139. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ellison, N. B., Vitak, J., Steinfield, C., Gray, R., Lampe, C. (2011). Negotiating privacy concerns and social capital needs in a social media environment. In Trepte, S., Reinecke, L. (Eds.), Privacy online (pp. 19-32). New York, NY: Springer. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Festl, R., Quandt, T. (2013). Social relations and cyberbullying: The influence of individual and structural attributes on victimization and perpetration via the Internet. Human Communication Research, 39, 101-126. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gest, S. D., Graham-Bermann, S. A., Hartup, W. W. (2001). Peer experience: Common and unique features of number of friendships, social network centrality, and sociometric status. Social Development, 10, 23-40. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Görzig, A., Ólafsson, K. (2013). What makes a bully a cyberbully? Unravelling the characteristics of cyberbullies across twenty-five European countries. Journal of Children and Media, 7, 9-27. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Gradinger, P., Strohmeier, D., Schiller, E. M., Stefanek, E., Spiel, C. (2012). Cyber-victimization and popularity in early adolescence: Stability and predictive associations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 228-243. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gradinger, P., Strohmeier, D., Spiel, C. (2012). Motives for bullying others in cyberspace: A study on bullies and bully-victims in Austria. In Li, Q., Cross, D., Smith, P. K. (Eds.), Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives (pp. 263-284). West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Huberman, B. A., Loch, C. H., ÖNçüler, A. (2004). Status as a valued resource. Social Psychology Quarterly, 67, 103-114. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Juvonen, J., Graham, S., Schuster, M. (2003). Bullying among young adolescents: The strong, the weak, and the troubled. Pediatrics, 112, 1231-1237. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Juvonen, J., Gross, E. F. (2008). Extending the school grounds? Bullying experiences in cyberspace. Journal of School Health, 78, 496-505. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1073-1137. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., Agatston, P. W. (2012). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed.). West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Google Scholar | |
|
Kwan, G. C. E., Skoric, M. M. (2013). Facebook bullying: An extension of battles in school. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 16-25. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Langos, C. (2012). Cyberbullying: The challenge to define. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 285-289. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lee, S. J. (2009). Online communication and adolescent social ties: Who benefits more from Internet use? Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 509-531. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Menesini, E., Nocentini, A. (2009). Cyberbullying definition and measurement: Some critical considerations. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217, 230-232. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Muthén, L. K., Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author. Google Scholar | |
|
Nesdale, D., Durkin, K., Maass, A., Kiesner, J., Griffiths, J. A. (2008). Effects of group norms on children’s intentions to bully. Social Development, 17, 889-907. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Olthof, T., Goossens, F. A., Vermande, M. M., Aleva, E. A., van der Meulen, M. (2011). Bullying as strategic behavior: Relations with desired and acquired dominance in the peer group. Journal of School Psychology, 49, 339-359. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Google Scholar | |
|
Owens, L., Slee, P. T., Shute, R. (2001). Victimization among teenage girls: What can be done about indirect harassment? In Huvonen, J., Graham, S. (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 215-241). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Pellegrini, A. D., Long, J. D. (2002). A longitudinal study of bullying, dominance, and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 259-280. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Poulin, F., Chan, A. (2010). Friendship stability and change in childhood and adolescence. Developmental Review, 30, 257-272. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Reijntjes, A., Vermande, M., Olthof, T., Goossens, F. A., van de Schoot, R., Aleva, L., van der Meulen, M. (2013). Costs and benefits of bullying in the context of the peer group: A three wave longitudinal analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 1217-1229. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Salmivalli, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 112-120. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Salmivalli, C., Huttunen, A., Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1997). Peer networks and bullying in schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38, 305-312. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Salmivalli, C., Sainio, M., Hodges, E. V. E. (2013). Electronic victimization: Correlates, antecedents, and consequences among elementary and middle school students. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42, 442-453. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Satorra, A., Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507-514. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sijtsema, J. J., Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Salmivalli, C. (2009). Empirical test of bullies’ status goals: Assessing direct goals, aggression, and prestige. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 57-67. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Slee, P. T. (1995). Peer victimization and its relationship to depression among Australian primary school students. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 57-62. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., Frisén, A. (2012). Processes of cyberbullying, and feelings of remorse by bullies: A pilot study. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 244-259. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 26-32. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., Tippet, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Strom, P. S., Strom, R. D. (2005). Cyberbullying by adolescents: A preliminary assessment. The Educational Forum, 70, 21-32. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sutton, J., Smith, P. K. (1999). Bullying as a group process: An adaptation of the participant role approach. Aggressive Behavior, 25, 97-111. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sutton, J., Smith, P. K., Swettenham, J. (1999). Bullying and “theory of mind”: A critique of the “social skills deficit” view of anti-social behaviour. Social Development, 8, 117-127. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. Google Scholar | |
|
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277-287. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Van Cleemput, K. (2010). “I’ll see you on IM, text, or call you”: A social network approach of adolescents’ use of communication media. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30, 75-85. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Vandebosch, H., Van Cleemput, K. (2008). Defining cyberbullying: A qualitative research into the perceptions of youngsters. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 11, 499-503. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Vanden Abeele, M., De Cock, R. (2013). Cyberbullying by mobile phone among adolescents: The role of gender and peer group status. Communications, 38, 107-118. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Vandenbosch, L., Eggermont, S. (2012). Understanding sexual objectification: A comprehensive approach toward media exposure and girls’ internalization of beauty ideals, self-objectification, and body surveillance. Journal of Communication, 62, 869-887. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Munniksma, A., Dijkstra, J. K. (2010). The complex relation between bullying, victimization, acceptance, and rejection: Giving special attention to status, affection, and sex differences. Child Development, 81, 480-486. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Zijlstra, B. J. H., De Winter, A. F., Verhulst, F. C., Ormel, J. (2007). The dyadic nature of bullying and victimization: Testing a dual-perspective theory. Child Development, 78, 1843-1854. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Walrave, M., Heirman, W. (2010). Towards understanding the potential triggering features of technology. In Shariff, S., Churchill, A. H. (Eds.), Truths and myths of cyber-bullying: International perspectives on stakeholder responsibility and children’s safety (pp. 28-49). New York, NY: Peter Lang. Google Scholar | |
|
Wentzel, K. R. (2003). Sociometric status and adjustment in middle school: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 5-28. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Wright, M. F. (2014). Longitudinal investigation of the associations between adolescents’ popularity and cyber social behaviors. Journal of School Violence, 13, 291-314. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI |
