Abstract
Using latent class analysis (LCA), this study identified a dyadic taxonomy of delinquent youth categorized by varying types of maternal-youth reporting discrepancies (i.e., youth < maternal, youth > maternal) within a sample of 764 14-year-old high-risk youth. Four distinctive subgroups of youth were identified, two of which reported more than a minimal degree of informant discrepancy across all domains of delinquent behavior. One subgroup exhibited higher maternal-reported delinquency in comparison with youth reports, and one subgroup exhibited higher youth-reported delinquency in comparison with maternal reports. Additionally, risk factors (e.g., peer delinquency, caregiver monitoring) and delinquency-related difficulties (e.g., police contact) were associated with youth placement in the LCA-identified subgroups. Study findings suggest that youth with higher levels of self-reported delinquency compared with maternal reports may be at greater risk for delinquency-related difficulties due to problems related to inadequate monitoring by caregivers combined with greater involvement with peer delinquency.
|
Achenbach, T. M. (2011). Commentary: Definitely more than measurement error: But how should we understand and deal with informant discrepancies? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(1), 80-86. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533416 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Agnew, R., Rebellon, C. J., Thaxton, S. (2000). A general strain theory approach to families and delinquency. In Fox, G. L., Benson, M. L. (Eds.), Families, crime, and criminal justice (pp. 113-138). New York, NY: JAI Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Aldridge, J., Shute, J., Ralphs, R., Medina, J. (2011). Blame the parents? Challenges for parent-focused programmes for families of gang-involved young people. Children & Society, 25, 371-381. doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2009.00282.x Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Althoff, R. R., Copeland, W. E., Stanger, C., Derks, E. M., Todd, R. D., Neuman, R. J., . . .Hudziak, J. J. (2006). The latent class structure of ADHD is stable across informants. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 9, 507-522. doi:10.1375/twin.9.4.507 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Althoff, R. R., Rettew, D. C., Ayer, L. A., Hudziak, J. J. (2010). Cross-informant agreement of the dysregulation profile of the Child Behavior Checklist. Psychiatry Research, 178, 550-555. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.05.002 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Antrop, I., Roeyers, H., Oosterlaan, J., Van Oost, P. (2002). Agreement between parent and teacher ratings of disruptive behavior disorders in children with clinically diagnosed ADHD. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(1), 67-73. doi:10.1023/A:1014057325752 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Asparouhov, T. (2007). Wald test of mean equality for potential latent class predictors in mixture modeling (Technical appendix). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Google Scholar | |
|
Asparouhov, T., Muthén, B. (2012). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: A 3-step approach using Mplus (Mplus Web Notes: No. 15). Available from www.statmodel.com Google Scholar | |
|
Baillargeon, R. H., Boulerice, B., Tremblay, R. E., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., Kohen, D. E. (2001). Modeling interinformant agreement in the absence of a “gold standard. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 463-473. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00740 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Beretvas, S. N., Meyers, J. L., Leite, W. L. (2002). A reliability generalization study of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62, 570-589. doi:10.1177/0013164402062004003 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Breuk, R. E., Clauser, C. A., Stams, G. J., Slot, N. W., Doreleijers, T. A. (2007). The validity of questionnaire self-report of psychopathology and parent-child relationship quality in juvenile delinquents with psychiatric disorders. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 761-771. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.10.003 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H. (2005). Dimensional versus categorical classification of mental disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and beyond: Comment on the special section. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 551-556. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.551 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Dadds, M., Perrin, S., Yule, W. (1998). Social desirability and self-reported anxiety in children: An analysis of the RCMAS Lie Scale. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 311-317. doi:10.1023/A:1022610702439 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
De Los Reyes, A. (2011). Introduction to the special section: More than measurement error: Discovering meaning behind informant discrepancies in clinical assessments of children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(1), 1-9. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533405 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
De Los Reyes, A., Goodman, K., Kliewer, W., Reid-Quiñones, K. (2010). The longitudinal consistency of mother-child reporting discrepancies of parental monitoring and their ability to predict child delinquent behaviors two years later. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1417-1430. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9496-7 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
De Los Reyes, A., Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 483-509. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.483 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
De Los Reyes, A., Thomas, S. A., Goodman, K. L., Kundey, S. M. A. (2013). Principles underlying the use of multiple informants’ reports. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 123-149. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185617 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
De Los Reyes, A., Youngstrom, E. A., Pabón, S. C., Youngstrom, J. K., Feeny, N. C., Findling, R. L. (2011). Internal consistency and associated characteristics of informant discrepancies in clinic referred youths age 11 to 17 years. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(1), 36-53. doi:10.1080/15374416.2011.533402 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Dishion, T. J., Patterson, G. R., Stoolmiller, M., Skinner, M. L. (1991). Family, school, and behavioral antecedents to early adolescent involvement with antisocial peers. Developmental Psychology, 27, 172-180. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.172 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Farrington, D. P. (2005). Childhood origins of antisocial behavior. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 12, 177-190. doi:10.1002/cpp.448 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ferdinand, R. F., van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F. C. (2004). Parent-adolescent disagreement regarding psychopathology in adolescents from the general population as a risk factor for adverse outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 198-206. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113.2.198 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Ferdinand, R. F., van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F. C. (2006). Prognostic value of parent-adolescent disagreement in a referred sample. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 15, 156-162. doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0518-z Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Goodman, K. L. (2013). Parent-youth discrepancies in ratings of youth victimization: Associations with psychological adjustment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(1), 37-46. doi:10.1111/ajop.12010 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Goodman, K. L., De Los Reyes, A., Bradshaw, C. P. (2010). Understanding and using informants’ reporting discrepancies of youth victimization: A conceptual model and recommendations for research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 366-383. doi:10.1007/s10567-010-0076-x Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Granero, R., Ezpeleta, L., Domenech, J., Osa, N. (2008). What single reports from children and parents aggregate to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder diagnoses in epidemiological studies. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 352-364. doi:10.1007/s00787-008-0677-9 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Greer, T., Dunlap, W. P., Beatty, G. O. (2003). A Monte Carlo evaluation of the tetrachoric correlation coefficient. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63, 931-950. doi:10.1177/0013164403251318 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hasking, P. A., Scheier, L. M., Abdallah, A. B. (2011). The three latent classes of adolescent delinquency and the risk factors for membership in each class. Aggressive Behavior, 37(1), 19-35. doi:10.1002/ab.20365 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Jennings, W. G., Reingle, J. M. (2012). On the number and shape of developmental/life-course violence, aggression, and delinquency trajectories: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Criminal Justice, 40, 472-489. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2012.07.001 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E. (2010). Monitoring the future: National survey results on drug use, 1975-2009. Volume I: Secondary school students (NIH Publication No. 10-758). National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED514370.pdf Google Scholar | |
|
Karver, M. (2006). Determinants of multiple informant agreement on child and adolescent behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 242-253. doi:10.1007/s10802-005-9015-6 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Knight, E. D., Smith, J. B., Martin, L. M., Lewis, T., & The LONGSCAN Investigators . (2010). Measures for assessment of functioning and outcomes in longitudinal research on child abuse—Volume 3: Early adolescence (Ages 12-14). Retrieved from http://www.iprc.unc.edu/longscan/ Google Scholar | |
|
Kraemer, H. C. (2007). DSM categories and dimensions in clinical and research contexts. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16(S1), S8-S15. doi:10.1002/mpr.211 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kraemer, H. C., Measelle, J. R., Ablow, J. C., Essex, M. J., Boyce, W. T., Kupfer, D. J. (2003). A new approach to integrating data from multiple informants in psychiatric assessment and research: Mixing and matching contexts and perspectives. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1566-1577. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.9.1566 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lahey, B. B., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A. (Eds.). (2003). Causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Laird, R., Criss, M., Pettit, G., Dodge, K., Bates, J. (2008). Parents’ monitoring knowledge attenuates the link between antisocial friends and adolescent delinquent behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 299-310. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9178-4 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lanza, S. T., Collins, L. M., Lemmon, D. R., Schafer, J. L. (2007). PROC LCA: A SAS procedure for latent class analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 671-694. doi:10.1080/10705510701575602. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Loeber, R., Farrington, D. P. (2008). Advancing knowledge about causes in longitudinal studies: Experimental and quasi-experimental methods. In Liberman, A. K. (Ed.), The long view of crime: A synthesis of longitudinal research (pp. 257-278). New York, NY: Springer. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
McCutcheon, A. L. (1987). Latent class analysis (Sage University paper series on quantitative applications in the Social Sciences, Series No. 07-064). Newbury Park, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Meldrum, R. C., Boman, J. H.. (2013). Similarities and differences between perceptions of peer delinquency, peer self-reported delinquency, and respondent delinquency: An analysis of friendship dyads. Journal of Criminal Justice, 41, 395-406. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.07.005 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Muthén, B. O. (2002). Beyond SEM: General latent variable modeling. Behaviormetrika, 29, 81-117. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Muthén, L. K., Muthén, B. O. (1998-2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Author. Google Scholar | |
|
Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 535-569. doi:10.1080/10705510701575396 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Peck, J. H. (2013). Examining race and ethnicity in the context of general strain theory, depression, and delinquency. Deviant Behavior, 34, 706-726. doi:10.1080/01639625.2012.759050 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pelham, J. W. E., Fabiano, G. A., Massetti, G. M. (2005). Evidence-based assessment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34, 449-476. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_5 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A. (1993). Family interaction patterns and children’s conduct problems at home and school: A longitudinal perspective. School Psychology Review, 22, 403-420. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Piquero, N. L., Piquero, A. R., Stewart, E. S. (2014). Sociological viewpoint on the race-crime relationship. In Beaver, K. M., Barnes, J. C., Boutwell, B. B., Noga, D., Harman, C. (Eds.), The nurture versus biosocial debate in criminology: On the origins of criminal behavior and criminality (pp. 43-54). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Plante, N., Daigle, M. S., Gaumont, C., Charbonneau, L., Gibbs, J., Barriga, A. (2012). Validation of the “How I Think Questionnaire” in a population of French-speaking adolescents with externalizing behaviors. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 30, 196-210. doi:10.1002/bsl.2001 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Pratt, T. C., Cullen, F. T., Sellers, C. S., Winfree, L. T., Madensen, T. D., Daigle, L. E., . . .Gau, J. M. (2010). The empirical status of social learning theory: A meta-analysis. Justice Quarterly, 27, 765-802. doi:10.1080/07418820903379610 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Reynolds, C., Richmond, B. (1997). What I think and feel: A revised measure of children’s manifest anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25(1), 15-20. doi:10.1023/A:1025751206600 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 119-125. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>3.0.CO;2-I Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Romano, E., Baillargeon, R. H., Wu, H.-X., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R. E. (2004). A new look at inter-informant agreement on conduct disorder using a latent class approach. Psychiatry Research, 129(1), 75-89. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.06.017 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Runyan, D. K., Curtis, P. A., Hunter, W. M., Black, M. M., Kotch, J. B., Bangdiwala, S., . . .Landsverk, J. (1998). Longscan: A consortium for longitudinal studies of maltreatment and the life course of children. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 3, 275-285. doi:10.1016/S1359-1789(96)00027-4 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Runyan, D., Dubowitz, H., English, D. J., Kotch, J. B., Litrownik, A., Thompson, R., & The LONGSCAN Investigator Group . (2014). Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) Assessments 0-18 [Dataset]. Available from National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect Web site, http://www.ndacan.cornell.edu Google Scholar | |
|
Sampson, R. J., Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Sampson, R. J., Laub, J. H. (2003). Shared beginnings, divergent lives: Delinquent boys to age 70. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Schneider, B. H., Younger, A. J. (1996). Adolescent-parent attachment and adolescents’ relations with their peers: A closer look. Youth & Society, 28(1), 95-108. doi:10.1177/0044118x96028001004 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV: Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(1), 28-38. doi:10.1097/00004583-200001000-00014 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Smith, S. R. (2007). Making sense of multiple informants in child and adolescent psychopathology: A guide for clinicians. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 25, 139-149. doi:10.1177/0734282906296233 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Stokes, J., Pogge, D., Wecksell, B., Zaccario, M. (2011). Parent-child discrepancies in report of psychopathology: The contributions of response bias and parenting stress. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 527-536. doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.594131 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Todd, A. W., Campbell, A. L., Meyer, G. G., Horner, R. H. (2008). The effects of a targeted intervention to reduce problem behaviors: Elementary school implementation of Check In–Check Out. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 10(1), 46-55. doi:10.1177/1098300707311369 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Vermunt, J. K. (2010). Latent class modeling with covariates: Two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis, 18, 450-469. doi:10.1093/pan/mpq025 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Wiesner, M., Windle, M. (2004). Assessing covariates of adolescent delinquency trajectories: A latent growth mixture modeling approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 431-442. doi:10.1023/B:JOYO.0000037635.06937.13 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Wilson, D. B., Bouffard, L. A., Mackenzie, D. L. (2005). A quantitative review of structured, group-oriented, cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 32, 172-204. doi:10.1177/0093854804272889 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Youngstrom, E., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2000). Patterns and correlates of agreement between parent, teacher, and male adolescent ratings of externalizing and internalizing problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 1038-1050. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.6.1038 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |

