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Research article
First published February 1981

Breast Cancer: Primary Tumor Characteristics Related to Lymph Node Involvement

Abstract

Abstract

From November 1st 1977 to August 31st 1978, 842 consecutive patients with operable breast cancer were observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Characteristics of the primary tumor and the status of regional lymph nodes were evaluated at clinical and postsurgical examination: it was found that qualitative characteristics of the primary were properly defined by clinicians, who usually overestimated maximum diameter of the primary. The status of regional lymph nodes is not reliable at clinical examination: 34.5 % of clinically uninvolved nodes were found to contain metastatic growth at histologic examination. Age of patients, maximum diameter of the primary, histologic type and quadrant of origin of the primary tumor were significantly related to the frequency of regional node metastases. Multifactorial analysis showed that the last three factors were independent variables, while age, which is significant by itself, loses importance when adjusted by at least one of the other three factors. Frequency of extension of node metastases beyond the lymph node capsule was found to be related to the number of involved nodes: maximum diameter, histologic type and site of origin are significantly related to the frequency of extracapsular invasion. This study confirms that the evaluation of the status of regional lymph nodes is not reliable at clinical examination and indicates that characteristics of the primary may be useful in predicting regional lymph node involvement. The direct correlation between the number of involved nodes and the frequency of infiltration beyond the capsule suggests that prognosis of patients with positive nodes depends more on this factor than on the number of involved nodes.

Riassunto

Presso l'Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori di Milano sono stati osservati, dal novembre 1977 all'agosto 1978, 842 casi consecutivi di carcinoma mammario. Si sono valutate le caratteristiche sia cliniche sia istologiche del tumore primitivo e dei linfonodi ascellari. Le caratteristiche qualitative del tumore primario sono state giudicate esattamente dal clinico che però tende a sovrastimare il diametro massimo. Non è invece accettabile la valutazione clinica dei linfonodi ascellari: il 34,5 % dei pazienti con linfonodi clinicamente negativi avevano metastasi istologicamente documentabili. Età, massimo diametro, tipo istologico e quadrante di origine del tumore hanno mostrato di essere significativamente correlati con la frequenza di metastasi linfonodali. L'analisi multifattoriale dimostra che gli ultimi tre fattori rappresentano delle variabili indipendenti, mentre l'età, significativa da sola, perde importanza se correlata con uno o più degli altri fattori. Esiste relazione diretta fra metastatizzazione extracapsulare linfonodale e numero di linfonodi metastatici. Massimo diametro, tipo istologico e sede di origine del tumore primitivo sono correlati in modo significativo con la frequenza di invasione extracapsulare. Questo studio conferma che non è attendibile la valutazione clinica dei linfonodi, mentre le caratteristiche del tumore possono dare indicazioni sullo stato dei linfonodi stessi. La relazione diretta fra numero di linfonodi metastatici e la frequenza di extracapsularità delle metastasi potrebbe far pensare che la prognosi dipenda più dall'extracapsularità che dal numero di linfonodi metastatici.

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Article first published: February 1981
Issue published: February 1981

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© 1981 SAGE Publications.
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PubMed: 7245349

Authors

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Alessandro Rasponi
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano
Alberto Costa
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano
Rosaria Bufalino
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano
Alberto Morabito
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano
Maurizio Nava
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano
Raffaele Marolda
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano
Natale Cascinelli
Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano

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