Abstract
This paper argues for the development of ‘network political ecology’, drawing on the insights from regional political ecology and recent advancements in network theories of scale, to meet the challenges of investigating the meso-scale problem of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. ‘Network political ecology’, attentive to scale as socio-ecologically produced and grounded in a regional resource use system, is one such approach that fills this gap in middle-range theory necessary to understand the complex processes through which vulnerability manifests and adaptive capacity is produced. This method is exemplified through the case of groundwater-dependent irrigating farmers in Rajasthan, India.
References
|
Adger, WN (2000) Social and ecological resilience: Are they related? Progress in Human Geography 24: 347–364. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Adger, WN (2006) Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 16: 268–281. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Adger, WN, Eakin, H, Winkels, A (2009) Nested and teleconnected vulnerabilities to environmental change. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 150–157. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Agrawal, A (2008) The Role of Local Institutions in Adaptation to Climate Change. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Asian Development Bank (2007) Proposed Multitranche Financing Facility India: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Investment Program. Metro Manila: Asian Development Bank. Google Scholar | |
|
Bakker, K, Bridge, G (2006) Material worlds? Resource geographies and the ‘matter of nature’. Progress in Human Geography 30: 5–27. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bakore, N, John, PJ, Bhatnagar, P (2004) Organochlorine pesticide residues in wheat and drinking water samples from Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 98: 381–389. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Battaglini, A, Barbeau, G, Bindi, M, Badeck, FW (2009) European winegrowers’ perceptions of climate change impact and options for adaptation. Regional Environmental Change 9: 61–73. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bebbington, A (1999) Capitals and capabilities: A framework for analyzing peasant viability, rural livelihoods and poverty. World Development 27: 2021–2044. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Beinart, W, Coates, P (1995) Environment and History. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Berkes, F, Colding, J, Folke, C (eds) (2003) Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Birkenholtz, T (2008) Contesting expertise: The politics of environmental knowledge in northern Indian groundwater practices. Geoforum 39: 466–482. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Birkenholtz, T (2009) Irrigated landscapes, produced scarcity, and adaptive social institutions in Rajasthan, India. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 99: 118–137. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Black, R (1990) Regional political ecology in theory and practice: A case-study from northern Portugal. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 15: 35–47. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Blaikie, P (2008) Epilogue: Towards a future for political ecology that works. Geoforum 39: 765–772. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Blaikie, P, Barnett, T (1992) AIDS in Africa: Its Present and Future Impact. New York: Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Blaikie, P, Brookfield, H (1987) Land Degradation and Society. London: Methuen. Google Scholar | |
|
Blaikie, P, Cannon, T, Davis, I, Wisner, B (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Blaikie, PM, Muldavin, JSS (2004) Upstream, downstream, China, India: The politics of environment in the Himalayan region. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94: 520–548. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bottrill, C, Liverman, D, Boykoff, M (2010) Carbon soundings: Greenhouse gas emissions of the UK music industry. Environmental Research Letters 5: 014019. Google Scholar | |
|
Bourdieu, P (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Boykoff, MT, Goodman, MK (2009) Conspicuous redemption? Reflections on the promises and perils of the ‘Celebritization’ of climate change. Geoforum 40: 395–406. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Braden, JB, Brown, DG, Dozier, J, Gober, P, Hughes, SM, Maidment, DR (2009) Social science in a water observing system. Water Resources Research 45. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Brooke, C (2008) Conservation and adaptation to climate change. Conservation Biology 22: 1471–1476. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Brooks, N, Adger, WN, Kelly, PM (2005) The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 15: 151–163. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Bryant, RL (1998) Power, knowledge and political ecology in the third world: A review. Progress in Physical Geography 22: 79–94. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bumpus, AG, Liverman, DM (2008) Accumulation by decarbonization and the governance of carbon offsets. Economic Geography 84: 127–155. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Byg, A, Salick, J (2009) Local perspectives on a global phenomenon – climate change in Eastern Tibetan villages. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 19: 156–166. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Carney, JA (1993) Converting the wetlands, engendering the environment: The intersection of gender with agrarian change in the Gambia. Economic Geography 69: 329–348. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Carney, JA, Watts, M (1991) Disciplining women? Rice, mechanization, and the evolution of mandinka gender relations in Senegambia. Signs 16: 651–681. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Carr, ER (2008) Men’s crops and women’s crops: The importance of gender to the understanding of agricultural and development outcomes in Ghana’s Central Region. World Development 36: 900–915. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Carrington, PJ, Scott, J, Wasserman, S (eds) (2005) Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Collins, TW (2009) The production of unequal risk in hazardscapes: An explanatory frame applied to disaster at the US-Mexico border. Geoforum 40: 589–601. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Collins, TW (2010) Marginalization, facilitation, and the production of unequal risk: The 2006 Paso del Norte floods. Antipode 42: 258–288. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Crate, SA, Nuttall, M (eds) 2009) Anthropology and Climate Change: From Encounters to Actions. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Crona, B, Bodin, O (2010) Power asymmetries in small-scale fisheries: A barrier to governance transformability? Ecology and Society 15(4). Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Crona, B, Hubacek, K (2010) The right connections: How do social networks lubricate the machinery of natural resource governance? Ecology and Society 15(4). Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Cutter, SL (1996) Vulnerability to environmental hazards. Progress in Human Geography 20: 529–539. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Daily, GC, Polasky, S, Goldstein, J, Kareiva, PM, Mooney, HA, Pejchar, L (2009) Ecosystem services in decision making: Time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 21–28. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Directorate of Economics and Statistics (2009) Statistical Abstract – Rajasthan 2009. Jaipur: Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Google Scholar | |
|
Dove, MR, Hudayana, B (2008) The view from the volcano: An appreciation of the work of Piers Blaikie. Geoforum 39: 736–746. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Downing, TE (1991) Vulnerability to hunger in Africa – a climate change perspective. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 1: 365–380. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eakin, H (2005) Institutional change, climate risk, and rural vulnerability: Cases from central Mexico. World Development 33: 1923–1938. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eakin, H, Luers, AL (2006) Assessing the vulnerability of social-environmental systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31: 365–394. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eakin, HC, Wehbe, MB (2009) Linking local vulnerability to system sustainability in a resilience framework: Two cases from Latin America. Climatic Change 93: 355–377. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eakin, H, Winkels, A, Sendzimir, J (2009) Nested vulnerability: Exploring cross-scale linkages and vulnerability teleconnections in Mexican and Vietnamese coffee systems. Environmental Science and Policy 12: 398–412. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Folke, C (2006) Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 16: 253–267. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Folke, C, Hahn, T, Olsson, P, Norberg, J (2005) Adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30: 441–473. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Forsyth, T (2003) Critical Political Ecology. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Garg, A, Shukla, PR, Kapshe, M (2007) From climate change impacts to adaptation: A development perspective for India. Natural Resources Forum 31: 132–141. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Haddad, BM (2005) Ranking the adaptive capacity of nations to climate change when socio-political goals are explicit. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 15: 165–176. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hageback, J, Sundberg, J, Ostwald, M, Chen, DL, Yun, X, Knutsson, P (2005) Climate variability and land-use change in danangou watershed, China – examples of small-scale farmers’ adaptation. Climatic Change 72: 189–212. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Hare, FK, Kates, RW, Warren, A (1977) The making of deserts, climate, ecology and society. Economic Geography 53: 332–346. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Harris, LM (2009) Gender and emergent water governance: Comparative overview of neoliberalized natures and gender dimensions of privatization, devolution and marketization. Gender, Place and Culture 16: 387–408. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Howarth, NAA, Foxall, A (2010) The Veil of Kyoto and the politics of greenhouse gas mitigation in Australia. Political Geography 29: 167–176. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Indian Irrigation Commission (1903) Report of the Indian Irrigation Commission, 1901–1903. Part I – General. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. Google Scholar | |
|
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Jeffrey, C (2001) ‘A fist is stronger than five fingers’: Caste and dominance in rural north India. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26: 217–236. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Jeffrey, C, Jeffrey, P, Jeffrey, R (2008) Degrees Without Freedom: Education, Masculinities, and Unemployment in North India. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Jepson, W, Brannstrom, C, Filippi, A (2010) Access regimes and regional land change in the Brazilian cerrado, 1972–2002. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 100: 87–111. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Kasperson, J, Kasperson, R, Turner, BL (1995) Regions at Risk: Comparisons of Threatened Environments. Tokyo: United Nations University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Kates, RW (1971) Natural hazard in human ecological perspective: Hypotheses and models. Economic Geography 47: 438–451. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kates, RW, Clark, WC, Corell, R, Hall, JM, Jaeger, CC, Lowe, I (2001) Environment and development – sustainability science. Science 292: 641–642. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Kelkar, U, James, CR, Kumar, R (2006) The Indian insurance industry and climate change: Exposure, opportunities and strategies ahead. Climate Policy 6: 658–671. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kelkar, U, Narula, KK, Sharma, VP, Chandna, U (2008) Vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability and water stress in Uttarakhand State, India. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 18: 564–574. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kelly, PM, Adger, WN (2000) Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change 47: 325–352. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lambin, EF (2005) Conditions for sustainability of human-environment systems: Information, motivation, and capacity. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 15: 177–180. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Lambin, EF, Ehrlich, D (1997) Land-cover changes in sub-Saharan Africa (1982–1991): Application of a change index based on remotely sensed surface temperature and vegetation indices at a continental scale. Remote Sensing of Environment 61: 181–200. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Latour, B (1987) Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Lawrence, D, Radel, C, Tully, K, Schmook, B, Schneider, L (2010) Untangling a Decline in Tropical Forest Resilience: Constraints on the Sustainability of Shifting Cultivation Across the Globe. Biotropica 42: 21–30. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Li, TM (2005) Beyond ‘the State’ and failed schemes. American Anthropologist 107: 383–394. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Li, TM (2007) The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lovell, H, Bulkeley, H, Liverman, D (2009) Carbon offsetting: Sustaining consumption? Environment and Planning A 41: 2357–2379. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
McCarthy, J (2002) First world political ecology: Lessons from the Wise Use movement. Environment and Planning A 34: 1281–1302. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
McCusker, B, Carr, ER (2006) The co-production of livelihoods and land use change: Case studies from South Africa and Ghana. Geoforum 37: 790–804. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
McLaughlin, P, Dietz, T (2008) Structure, agency and environment: Toward an integrated perspective on vulnerability. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 18: 99–111. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Magistro, J, Roncoli, C (2001) Anthropological perspectives and policy implications of climate change research. Climate Research 19: 91–96. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Mauro, SED (2009) Seeing the local in the global: Political ecologies, world-systems, and the question of scale. Geoforum 40: 116–125. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Messerli, P, Heinimann, A, Epprecht, M (2009) Finding homogeneity in heterogeneity – a new approach to quantifying landscape mosaics developed for the Lao PDR. Human Ecology 37: 291–304. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Mitchell, JK (1989) Hazards research. In: Gaile, GL, Willmott, CJ (eds) Geography in America. Columbus, OH: Merrill, 410–424. Google Scholar | |
|
Muldavin, J (2000) The paradoxes of environmental policy and resource management in reform-era China. Economic Geography 76: 244–271. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Mustafa, D (2002) Linking access and vulnerability: Perceptions of irrigation and flood management in Pakistan. Professional Geographer 54: 94–105. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Mustafa, D (2005) The production of an urban hazardscape in Pakistan: Modernity, vulnerability, and the range of choice. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95: 566–586. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Natcher, DC, Hickey, CG, Nelson, M, Davis, S (2009) Implications of tenure insecurity for Aboriginal land use in Canada. Human Organization 68: 245–257. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Natter, W, Zierhofer, W (2002) Political ecology, territoriality and scale. GeoJournal 58: 225–231. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Neuburger, M (2000) The vulnerability of smallholders in degraded areas. The political ecology of frontier processes in Brazil. Geographische Zeitschrift 88: 21–35. Google Scholar | |
|
Neumann, RP (2009) Political ecology: Theorizing scale. Progress in Human Geography 33: 398–406. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
O’Brien, K, Eriksen, S, Nygaard, LP, Schjolden, A (2007) Why different interpretations of vulnerability matter in climate change discourses. Climate Policy 7: 73–88. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
O’Brien, K, Leichenko, R, Kelkar, U, Venema, H, Aandahl, G, Tompkins, H (2004) Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: Climate change and globalization in India. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 14: 303–313. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
O’Reilly, K (2004) Developing contradictions: Women’s participation as a site of struggle within an Indian NGO. Professional Geographer 56: 174–184. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Ostrom, E (2005) Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Ostrom, E (2008) Frameworks and theories of environmental change. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 18: 249–252. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ostrom, E (2009) A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science 325: 419–422. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Ostrom, E, Janssen, MA, Anderies, JM (2007) Going beyond panaceas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 15176–15178. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Oza, R (2006) The Making of Neoliberal India: Nationalism, Gender, and the Paradoxes of Globalization. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Page, B (2005) Naked power: Women and the social production of water in Anglophone Cameroon. In: Coles, A, Wallace, T (eds) Gender, Water and Development. Oxford: Berg, 57–74. Google Scholar | |
|
Pahl-Wostl, C (2009) A conceptual framework for analysing adaptive capacity and multi-level learning processes in resource governance regimes. Global Environmental Change – Human and Policy Dimensions 19: 354–365. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Pelling, M (1999) The political ecology of flood hazard in urban Guyana. Geoforum 30: 249–261. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Polsky, C (2004) Putting space and time in Ricardian climate change impact studies: Agriculture in the US Great Plains, 1969–1992. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94(3): 549–564. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Putnam, R (1995) Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy 6: 65–78. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rademacher, A (2009) When is housing an environmental problem? Reforming informality in Kathmandu. Current Anthropology 50: 513–533. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rangan, H, Kull, CA, Alexander, L (2010) Forest plantations, water availability, and regional climate change: Controversies surrounding Acacia mearnsii plantations in the upper Palnis Hills, southern India. Regional Environmental Change 10: 103–117. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rappaport, R (1975) The flow of energy in an agricultural society. In: Katz, SH (ed.) Biological Anthropology: Readings from Scientific American. San Francisco, CA: WH Freeman, 117–132. Google Scholar | |
|
Reynolds, JF, Stafford Smith, DM, Lambin, EF, Turner, BL, Mortimore, M, Batterbury, SPJ (2007) Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science 316: 847–851. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Ribot, JC, Peluso, NL (2003) A theory of access. Rural Sociology 68: 153–181. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Robbins, P (1998) Nomadization in Rajasthan, India: Migration, institutions, and economy. Human Ecology 26: 87–112. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Robbins, P (2000) The rotten institution: Corruption in natural resource management. Political Geography 19: 423–443. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Robbins, P (2001) Tracking invasives in India, or why our landscapes have never been modern. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 91: 637–659. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Robbins, P, Bishop, KM (2008) There and back again: Epiphany, disillusionment, and rediscovery in political ecology. Geoforum 39: 747–755. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Robbins, P, Fraser, A (2003) A forest of contradictions: Producing the landscapes of the Scottish highlands. Antipode 35: 95–118. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Robbins, P, McSweeney, K, Chhangani, AK, Rice, JL (2009) Conservation as it is: Illicit resource use in a wildlife reserve in India. Human Ecology 37: 559–575. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rocheleau, D (2008) Political ecology in the key of policy: From chains of explanation to webs of relation. Geoforum 39: 716–727. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rocheleau, D, Roth, R (2007) Rooted networks, relational webs and powers of connection: Rethinking human and political ecologies. Geoforum 38: 433–437. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sayer, A (1984) Method in Social Science. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sayre, NF (2005) Ecological and geographical scale: Parallels and potential for integration. Progress in Human Geography 29: 276–290. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Schroeder, RA (1999) Shady Practices: Agroforestry and Gender Politics in the Gambia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Schroeder, RA, St Martin, K, Albert, KE (2006) Political ecology in North America: Discovering the third world within? Geoforum 37: 163–168. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Scott, JC (1998) Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Sen, A (1990) Food, economics and entitlements. In: Dreze, J, Sen, A (eds) The Political Economy of Hunger. London: Clarendon Press, 34–50. Google Scholar | |
|
Sen, A (1999) Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Shah, T (2009) Taming the Anarchy: Groundwater Governance in South Asia. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. Google Scholar | |
|
Sneddon, C (2003) Reconfiguring scale and power: The Khong-Chi-Mun project in northeast Thailand. Environment and Planning A 35: 2229–2250. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Sultana, F (2009) Community and participation in water resources management: Gendering and naturing development debates from Bangladesh. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 34: 346–363. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Swyngedouw, E (2007) Technonatural revolutions: The scalar politics of Franco’s hydro-social dream for Spain, 1939–1975. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 32: 9–28. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Tiwari, VM, Wahr, J, Swenson, S (2009) Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations. Geophysical Research Letters 36: L18401. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Turner, BL (1989) The specialist-synthesis approach to the revival of geography: The case of cultural ecology. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 79: 88–100. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Turner, BL (2010) Sustainability and forest transitions in the southern Yucatan: The land architecture approach. Land Use Policy 27: 170–179. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Turner, BL, Robbins, P (2008) Land-change science and political ecology: Similarities, differences, and implications for sustainability science. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 33: 295–316. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Turner, MD (1999) Merging local and regional analyses of land use change: The case of livestock in the Sahel. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 89: 191–219. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Turner, MD (2009) Capital on the move: The changing relation between livestock and labor in Mali, West Africa. Geoforum 40: 746–755. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Vayda, AP (1983) Progressive contextualization: Methods for research in human ecology. Human Ecology 11: 265–281. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Vedwan, N, Rhoades, RE (2001) Climate change in the Western Himalayas of India: A study of local perception and response. Climate Research 19: 109–117. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Walker, PA (2003) Reconsidering ‘regional’ political ecologies: Toward a political ecology of the rural American West. Progress in Human Geography 27: 7–24. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Watts, M (1983a) On the poverty of theory: Natural hazards research in context. In: Hewitt, K (ed.) Interpretations of Calamity. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin, 231–262. Google Scholar | |
|
Watts, M (1983b) Silent Violence: Food, Famine and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Whatmore, S (2002) Hybrid Geographies. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
White, GF (1973) Natural hazards research. In: Chorley, R (ed.) Directions in Geography. London: Methuen, 193–216. Google Scholar | |
|
White, GF (1974) Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global. New York: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
World Bank (2005) India’s Water Economy: Bracing for a Turbulent Water Future. Washington, DC: World Bank. Google Scholar | |
|
Zimmerer, KS, Bassett, TJ (2003) Approaching political ecology: Society, nature, and scale in human-environment studies. In: Zimmerer, KS, Bassett, TJ (eds) Political Ecology: An Integrative Approach to Geography and Environment-Development Studies. New York: Guilford Press, 1–25. Google Scholar |
