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Abstract

Abstract

In the decades since autism was first formally described in the 1940s, there have been major advances in research relating to diagnosis, causation, and treatment approaches for children with this condition. However, research into prognosis, outcomes, or effective interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is much more limited. In this paper, we review studies of outcome in adulthood. The findings indicate that, as adults, many people with ASD, including those of normal IQ, are significantly disadvantaged regarding employment, social relationships, physical and mental health, and quality of life. Support to facilitate integration within the wider society is frequently lacking, and there has been almost no research into ways of developing more effective intervention programs for adults. Moreover, most of the research on outcome has involved relatively young people in their 20s and 30s—much less is known about outcomes for people with ASD as they reach mid-late adulthood. Systematic follow-up studies from childhood through adulthood are needed if we are to gain a better understanding of trajectories of development over the lifespan, to identify the factors that influence prognosis, and to determine how these factors exert their effects and how they may be modified to ensure a better future.

Résumé

Dans les décennies depuis que l'autisme a été officiellement décrit dans les années 1940, la recherche a fait de grands progrès relativement au diagnostic, aux causes, et aux approches de traitement pour les enfants souffrant de cette maladie. Toutefois, la recherche du pronostic, des résultats ou des interventions efficaces pour les adultes souffrant des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) est beaucoup plus limitée.
Dans cet article, nous examinons les études à l'âge adulte. Les constatations indiquent qu'en tant qu'adultes, bien des gens souffrant de TSA, y compris ceux ayant un QI normal, sont significativement désavantagés en ce qui concerne l'emploi, les relations sociales, la santé physique et mentale, et la qualité de vie. Le soutien qui faciliterait l'intégration à l'ensemble de la société est souvent manquant, et il n'y a presque pas eu de recherche sur les façons d'élaborer des programmes d'interventions plus efficaces pour les adultes. En outre, la majeure partie de la recherche a porté sur des gens relativement jeunes, dans la vingtaine ou la trentaine — on en sait beaucoup moins sur les résultats des personnes souffrant de TSA qui atteignent le milieu ou la fin de l'âge adulte. Des études de suivi systématiques de l'enfance à l'âge adulte sont nécessaires si nous voulons mieux comprendre les trajectoires du développement de durée de vie, identifier les facteurs qui influencent le pronostic, et déterminer comment ces facteurs exercent leur influence et comment ils peuvent être modifiés pour un avenir meilleur de ces personnes.

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Article first published online: May 1, 2012
Issue published: May 2012

Keywords

  1. adults with ASD
  2. outcome in adulthood
  3. adult follow-up studies

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© 2012 Canadian Psychiatric Association.
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PubMed: 22546059

Authors

Affiliations

Patricia Howlin, BA, MsC, PhD
Professor of Clinical Child Psychology, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England
Philippa Moss, BSc, PhD
Research Assistant, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England

Notes

Correspondence: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK SE5 8AF; [email protected]

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