Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether children who are deaf perform similarly to hearing children on the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (UNIT; Bracken & McCallum, 1998). The children classified as deaf demonstrated a hearing loss of 60 dB or more, were prelingually deaf, and did not exhibit co-morbidity. They were matched on age, gender, race/ethnicity, and highest combined parental education level with hearing children from the UNIT standardization sample. Profile analysis found that both groups displayed similar patterns of performance on the six UNIT subtests. This consistency supports the UNIT as a viable measure of cognitive abilities when deaf children must be assessed for educational decision making.
|
Arthur, G. (1952). The Arthur Adaptation of the Later International Performance Scale. Chicago: Stoelting. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Athanasiou, M. S. (2000). Current nonverbal assessment instruments: A comparison of psychometric integrity and test fairness. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 18, 211-229. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Bracken, B. A. , & McCallum, R. S. (1998). Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test-Examiner's Manual Itasca, IL: Riverside. Google Scholar | |
|
Braden, J. P. (1994). Deafness, deprivation, and IQ New York: Plenum Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brauer, B. A. , Braden,J. P. , Pollard, R. Q. , & Hardy-Braz, S. T. (1998). Deaf and hard of hearing people. In J. Sandoval , C. L. Frisby , K. F. Geisinger , J. D. Scheuneman , & J. R. Grenier (Eds.), Test interpretation and diversity (pp. 297-315). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Brown, L. , Sherbenou, R. J. , & Johnsen, S. K. (1990). Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Second Edition, Examiner's Manual Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Google Scholar | |
|
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Google Scholar | |
|
Educational programs for deaf students. (1999). American Annals of the Deaf, 143(2), 71-162. Google Scholar | |
|
Gibbins, S. (1989). The provision of school psychological services for the hearing impaired: A national survey. Volta Review, 91(2), 95-103. Google Scholar | |
|
Hammill, D. D. , Pearson, N. A. , & Wiederholt, J. L. (1997). Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Google Scholar | |
|
Hardman, M. L. , Drew, C.J. , Egan, M. W. , & Wolf, B. (1993). Human exceptionality: Society, school, and family (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Google Scholar | |
|
Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6, 65-70. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Jacob-Timm, S. , & Hartshorne, T. (1994). Ethics and law for school psychologists (2nd ed.). Brandon, VT: Clinical Psychology Publishing. Google Scholar | |
|
Kaufman, A. S. , & Kaufman, N. L. (1983). Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Interpretive Manual. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Google Scholar | |
|
Lane, H. , Hoffmeister, R. , & Bahan, B. (1996). A journey into the DEAF-WORLD. San Diego, CA: DawnSign Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Leiter, R. G. (1948). Leiter International Performance Scale. Chicago: Stoelting. Google Scholar | |
|
Maller, S.J. (1998, April). An investigation of differential item functioning in the Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA. Google Scholar | |
|
Mailer, S. J. , & Braden, J. P. (1993). The construct and criterion-related validity of the WISC-III with deaf adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, WISCIII Monograph, 105-113. Google Scholar | |
|
Martin, D. S. (1989, May). Cognitive processes and the hearing-impaired learner. Paper presented at Literacy and the Hearing-Impaired Conference Proceedings, Washington, DC. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 353 731) Google Scholar | |
|
McCallum, R. S. , & Bracken, B.A. (1997). The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test. In D. P. Flanagan , J. L. Genshaft , & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment-Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 268-280). New York: The Guilford Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Morgan, A. , & Vernon, M. (1994). A guide to the diagnosis of learning disabilities in deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adults. American Annals of the Deaf 139(3), 358-370. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Paal, N. , Skinner, S. , & Reddig, C. (1988). The relationship of non-verbal intelligence measures to academic achievement among deaf adolescents. Journal of Rehabilitation of the Deaf 21(3), 8-11. Google Scholar | |
|
Paul, P. V. , & Jackson, D.W. (1993). Toward a psychology of deafness: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Google Scholar | |
|
Phelps, L. , & Branyan, B. J. (1988). Correlations among the Hiskey, K-ABC Nonverbal Scale, Leiter, and WISC-R Performance Scale with public-school deaf children. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 6, 354-358. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Raven, J. (1948). Progressive matrices. New York: The Psychological Corporation. Google Scholar | |
|
Roid, G. H. , & Miller, L. J. (Eds.). (1997). Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting. Google Scholar | |
|
Sattler, J. (1992). Assessment of children (Rev. and updated 3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Jerome M. Sattler, Publisher. Google Scholar | |
|
Sisco, F. H. , & Anderson, R. J. (1978). Current findings regarding the performance of deaf children on the WISC-R. American Annals of the Deaf, 123(2), 115-121. Google Scholar | Medline | ISI | |
|
Slate, J. R. , & Fawcett, J. (1995). Validity of the WISC-III for deaf and hard of hearing persons. American Annals of the Deaf, 140(3), 250-254. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Spearman, C. (1927). The abilities of man: Their nature and measurement. New York: Macmillan. Google Scholar | |
|
SPSS . (1999). SPSS-Advanced Models 9.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc. Google Scholar | |
|
Sullivan, P. M. , & Vernon, M. (1979). Psychological assessment of hearing impaired children. School Psychology Digest, 8, 271-296. Google Scholar | |
|
Tabachnick, B. G. , & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). New York: HarperCollins. Google Scholar | |
|
Washington Governor's Committee on Disability Issues and Employment . (1986). Unrealized promises: Ensuring the educational rights of deaf/hard of hearing youth. Prepared by the Work Group on Education of Deaf/Hard of Hearing Youth, Olympia. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. 292 273) Google Scholar | |
|
Weaver, C. , & Bradley-Johnson, S. (1993). A national survey of school psychological services for deaf and hard of hearing students. American Annals of the Deaf, 138(3), 267-274. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Wechsler, D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. Google Scholar | |
|
Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. Google Scholar |

