![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
The present study reports on the initial validation of the eight-item version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) as a school mental health screener for identifying clinical-level depression and anxiety caseness within a sample of urban high school students (N = 219). Results indicated that responses to the AFQ-Y8 yielded better data–model fit and comparable internal consistency and convergent validity in relation to responses to the longer, 17-item version of the measure. Findings from receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses showed that scores derived from the AFQ-Y8 had excellent discrimination ability for correctly classifying students with and without clinical-level depression (area under the curve [AUC] = .91) and anxiety (AUC = .92), and that a cutoff score of ≥15 yielded optimal sensitivity (.86, .92) and specificity (.88, .87) for accomplishing these purposes. Taken together, findings suggest the AFQ-Y8 is a technically adequate instrument for both measuring psychological inflexibility and classifying students with clinical-level internalizing problems. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
References
Section:
|
Association for Contextual Behavioral Science . (2015). ACT-specific measures. Retrieved from https://contextualscience.org/act-specific_measures Google Scholar | |
|
Bandalos, D. L., Finney, S. J. (2010). Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory. In Hancock, G. R., Mueller, R. O. (Eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 93-114). New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893-897. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. (1993). Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Google Scholar | |
|
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, C. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., . . . Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Dowdy, E., Furlong, M., Eklund, K., Saeki, E., Ritchey, K. (2010). Screening for mental health and wellness: Current school based practice and emerging possibilities. In Doll, B., Pfohl, W., Yoon, J. (Eds.), Handbook of youth prevention science (pp. 70-95). New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Faulstich, M. E., Carey, M. P., Ruggiero, L., Enyart, P., Gresham, F. M. (1986). Assessment of depression in childhood and adolescence: An evaluation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 1024-1027. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., Gillen, M. J., Hiraoka, R., Twohig, M. P., Abramowitz, J. S., McGrath, P. B. (2012). Assessing psychological inflexibility: The psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth in two adult samples. Psychological Assessment, 24, 402-408. doi:10.1037/a0025776 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Glover, T. A., Albers, C. A. (2007). Considerations for evaluating universal screening instruments. Journal of School Psychology, 45, 117-135. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.05.005 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1337-1345. doi:10.1097/00004583-200111000-00015 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., Baer, R. A. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychological Assessment, 20, 93-102. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.93 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Hayes, S. C., Barnes-Holmes, D., Roche, B. (Eds.). (2001). Relational frame theory: A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. New York, NY: Kluwer. Google Scholar | |
|
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford. Google Scholar | |
|
Jolly, J. B., Aruffo, J. F., Wherry, J. N., Livingston, R. (1993). The utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory with inpatient adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 95-106. doi:10.1016/0887-6185(93)90008-9 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kamphaus, R. W., Reynolds, C. R. (2007). BASC-2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System manual. Circle Pines, MN: Pearson. Google Scholar | |
|
Kauffman, J. M. (1999). How we prevent the prevention of emotional and behavioral disorders. Exceptional Children, 65, 448-468. doi:10.1177/001440299906500402 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Kenny, D. A. (2014). Measuring model fit in structural equation modeling. Retrieved from www.davidakenny.net/cm/fit.htm Google Scholar | |
|
Levin, M. E., Hildebrandt, M. J., Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C. (2012). The impact of treatment components suggested by the psychological flexibility model: A meta-analysis of laboratory-based component studies. Behavior Therapy, 43, 741-756. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.05.003 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Levin, M. E., Maclane, C., Daflos, S., Seeley, J. R., Hayes, S. C., Biglan, A., Pistorello, J. (2014). Examining psychological inflexibility as a transdiagnostic process across psychological disorders. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 155-163. doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.003 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Mueller, R. O., Hancock, G. R. (2008). Best practices in structural equation modeling. In Osborne, J. (Ed.), Best practices in quantitative methods (pp. 488-508). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781412995627.d38 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Osman, A., Hoffman, J., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., Breitenstein, J. L., Hahn, S. K. (2002). Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 443-456. doi:10.1002/jclp.1154 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Öst, L.-G. (2014). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 61, 105-121. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Radloff, L. S. (1991). The use of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 149-166. doi:10.1007/BF01537606 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Renshaw, T. L. (2015). Using the Subjective Academic Problems Scale to Triage Mental Health Screening Results. Manuscript submitted for publication. Google Scholar | |
|
Roberts, R. E., Andrews, J. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H. (1990). Assessment of depression in adolescents using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Psychological Assessment, 2, 122-128. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.2.2.122 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Rushton, J. L., Forcier, M., Schectman, R. M. (2002). Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 199-205. doi:10.1097/00004583-200202000-00014 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Steer, R. A., Kumar, G., Ranieri, W. F., Beck, A. T. (1995). Use of the Beck Anxiety Inventory with adolescent psychiatric outpatients. Psychological Reports, 76, 459-465. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Streiner, D. L., Cairney, J. (2007). What’s under the ROC? An introduction to receiver operating characteristic curves. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 121-128. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Ventra, A., Sharp, C., Hart, J. (2012). The relation between anxiety disorder and experiential avoidance in inpatient adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 24, 240-248. doi:10.1037/a0025362 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
