![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, one of the first empirically validated measures of perfectionism, the Frost et al. Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F-MPS) was published. Since that time, psychometric studies of the original F-MPS have provided a plethora of evidence to support the potential development of a shorter yet still psychometrically robust version of the measure. Using confirmatory factor analyses across community and clinical samples, the current study identifies an eight-item F-MPS-Brief with two dimensions (i.e., striving and evaluative concerns) that evidences good internal consistency, measurement equivalence across ethnicities, and concurrent and convergent validity. This new, short version of the F-MPS captures well the bidimensional model of perfectionism that has emerged across studies over the past two decades and is suggested for use when a short yet high-performing assessment tool for this model is desired.
References
Section:
|
Alden, L. E., Ryder, A. G., Mellings, T. B. (2002). Perfectionism in the context of social fears: Toward a two-component model. In Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L. (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 373-391). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10458-015 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
American Psychiatric Association . (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Google Scholar | |
|
Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176-181. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Antony, M. M., Purdon, C. L., Huta, V., Swinson, R. P. (1998). Dimensions of perfectionism across the anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 1143-1154. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00083-7 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Arbuckle, J. L. (2013). IBM SPSS Amos 22 user’s guide. Retrieved from http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg27038441 Google Scholar | |
|
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., Antony, M. M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1373-1385. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00235-6 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Burgess, A. M., DiBartolo, P. M., Rendón, M. J. (2016). Can the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale assess perfeccionismo? Manuscript submitted for publication. Google Scholar | |
|
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York. NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Chen, F. F. (2008). What happens if we compare chopsticks with forks? The impact of making inappropriate comparisons in cross-cultural research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1005-1018. doi:10.1037/a0013193 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
DiBartolo, P., Frost, R. O., Chang, P., LaSota, M., Grills, A. E. (2004). Shedding light on the relationship between personal standards and psychopathology: The case for contingent self-worth. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22, 237-250. doi:10.1023/B:JORE.0000047310.94044.ac Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
DiBartolo, P., Li, C., Frost, R. O. (2008). How do the dimensions of perfectionism relate to mental health? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 401-417. doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9157-7 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Dickie, L., Surgenor, L. J., Wilson, M., McDowall, J. (2012). The structure and reliability of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 865-869. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.02.003 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Dunkley, D. M., Blankstein, K. R., Masheb, R. M., Grilo, C. M. (2006). Personal standards and evaluative concerns dimensions of ‘clinical’ perfectionism: A reply to Shafran et al. (2002, 2003) and Hewitt et al. (2003). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 63-84. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.004 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., Shafran, R. (2011). Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: A clinical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 203-212. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.009 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485-496. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Fontenelle, I. S., Fontenelle, L. F., Borges, M. C., Prazeres, A. M., Rangé, B. P., Mendlowicz, M. V., Versiani, M. (2010). Quality of life and symptom dimensions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 179, 198-203. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.005 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 119-126. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468. doi:10.1007/BF01172967 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Grisham, J. (2004). Measurement of compulsive hoarding: Saving Inventory-Revised. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1163-1182. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.006 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Garner, D. M., Olmstead, M. P., Polivy, J. (1983). Development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia nervosa and bulimia. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2, 15-34. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gaudreau, P. (2015). Self-assessment of the four subtypes of perfectionism in the 2 X 2 model of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 84, 52-62. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gloster, A. T., Rhoades, H. M., Novy, D., Klotsche, J., Senior, A., Kunik, M., . . . Stanley, M. A. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 in older primary care patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 110, 248-259. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.023 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Gordon, K. H., Castro, Y., Sitnikov, L., Holm-Denoma, J. M. (2010). Cultural body shape ideals and eating disorder symptoms among White, Latina, and Black college women. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 135-143. doi:10.1037/a0018671 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Handley, A. K., Egan, S. J., Kane, R. T., Rees, C. S. (2014). The relationships between perfectionism, pathological worry and generalised anxiety disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 98-105. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Harvey, B., Pallant, J., Harvey, D. (2004). An Evaluation of the factor structure of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 1007-1018. doi:10.1177/0013164404264842 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hawkins, C. C., Watt, H. G., Sinclair, K. E. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with Australian adolescent girls: Clarification of multidimensionality and perfectionist typology. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 1001-1022. doi:10.1177/0013164405285909 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L. (2002). Perfectionism and stress processes in psychopathology. In Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L. (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 255-284). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10458-011 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Khawaja, N. G., Armstrong, K. A. (2005). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: Developing shorter versions using an Australian sample. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57, 129-138. doi:10.1080/10519990500048611 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford. Google Scholar | |
|
Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), 371-375. doi:10.1177/0146167283093007 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Lovibond, P. F., Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335-343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Lundh, L. (2004). Perfectionism and acceptance. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22, 255-269. doi:10.1023/B:JORE.0000047311.12864.27 Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Lundh, L., Saboonchi, F., Wångby, M. (2008). The role of personal standards in clinically significant perfectionism. A person-oriented approach to the study of patterns of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 333-350. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9109-7 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Parker, W. D., Stumpf, H. (1995). An examination of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with a sample of academically talented children. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 13, 372-383. doi:10.1177/073428299501300404 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Pearson, C. A., Gleaves, D. H. (2006). The multiple dimensions of perfectionism and their relation with eating disorder features. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 225-235. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.013 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Purdon, C., Antony, M. M., Swinson, R. P. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 1271-1286. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199910)55:10<1271::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-A Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Sassaroli, S., Lauro, L. R., Ruggiero, G. M., Mauri, M. C., Vinai, P., Frost, R. (2008). Perfectionism in depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 757-765. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.02.007 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 773-791. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00059-6 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., Ashby, J. S. (2001). The Revised Almost Perfect Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130-145. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Stallman, H. M., Hurst, C. P. (2011). The factor structure of the frost multidimensional perfectionism scale in university students. Australian Psychologist, 46, 229-236. doi:10.1111/j.1742-9544.2010.00010.x Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173-180. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Steketee, G., Frost, R. O., Kyrios, M. (2003). Cognitive aspects of compulsive hoarding. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 463-479. doi:10.1023/A:1025428631552 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Stoeber, J., Damian, L. E. (2014). The Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire: Further evidence for two factors capturing perfectionistic strivings and concerns. Personality and Individual Differences, 61-62, 38-42. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.003 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Stoeber, J., Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295-319. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2 Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Stumpf, H., Parker, W. D. (2000). A hierarchical structural analysis of perfectionism and its relation to other personality characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 837-852. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00141-5 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Terry-Short, L. A., Glynn Owens, R., Slade, P. D., Dewey, M. E. (1995). Positive and negative perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 663-668. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)00192-U Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Topper, M., Emmelkamp, P. G., Watkins, E., Ehring, T. (2014). Development and assessment of brief versions of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Ruminative Response Scale. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 402-421. doi:10.1111/bjc.12052 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Van der Vijver, F., Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross-cultural research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Empirical Validation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17(2), 179-190. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.179 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Wu, K. D., Cortesi, G. T. (2009). Relations between perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Examination of specificity among the dimensions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 393-400. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.11.006 Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
