The conceptualization of giftedness continues to be a widely debated topic within the field. Recently, there has been a shift from a psychometric view of giftedness to inclusion of conative and contextual factors. How one defines and conceptualizes “gifted” drives assessment and identification practices. Conceptualization also guides the development of measures used in gifted assessment; however, the perceptions of giftedness held by test authors have not yet been explored empirically. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of giftedness held by authors of the leading tests in gifted assessment. Test authors provided their views on topics, including gifted identification, use of cutoff scores, and how their tests serve the needs of this unique population. Findings indicate that there are varying opinions and views of giftedness, although most test authors in the sample embrace a multi-dimensional approach to gifted assessment. This article includes a discussion of clinical implications and future directions.

American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement and Education . (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
Google Scholar
Archer, R. P., Buffington-Vollum, J. K., Stredny, R. V., Handel, R. W. (2006). A survey of psychological test use patterns among forensic psychologists: A survey of psychological test use patterns among forensic psychologists. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 84-94. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8701
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Bow, J. N., Flens, J. R., Gould, J. W. (2010). MMPI-2 and MCMI-III in forensic evaluations: A survey of psychologists. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 10, 37-52. doi:10.1080/15228930903173021
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bracken, B. A. (1998). Bracken Basic Concept Scale: Revised (BBCS-R) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Google Scholar
Bracken, B. A., Keith, L. K. (2004). Clinical Assessment of Behavior (CAB) [Assessment Instrument]. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
Google Scholar
Bracken, B. A., McCallum, R. S. (1998). The Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Second edition (UNIT2) [Assessment Instrument]. Chicago, IL: Riverside Publishing.
Google Scholar
Coleman, L. J., Guo, A., Dabbs, C. S. (2007). The state of qualitative research in gifted education as published in American journals: An analysis and critique. Gifted Child Quarterly, 51, 51-63. doi:10.1177/0016986206296656
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Elliott, C. D. (2007). Differential Ability Scales–Second edition (DAS-II) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
Google Scholar
Elliott, C. D. (2012). Differential Abilities Scales: Early Years Spanish Supplement—Second edition [Assessment Instrument]. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson.
Google Scholar
Elliott, C. D., Smith, P., McCulloch, K. (1997). British Ability Scales: Technical manual (2nd ed.). London, England: NFER-Nelson.
Google Scholar
Ericsson, K. A., Prietula, M. J., Cokely, E. T. (2007, July). The making of an expert. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2007/07/the-making-of-an-expert
Google Scholar
Flanagan, D. P., Harrison, P. L. (Eds.). (2005). Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
Google Scholar
Flanagan, D. P., Harrison, P. L. (2012). Contemporary intellectual assessment (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. J. (2008). Psychology, psychologists, and gifted students. In Pfeiffer, S. I. (Ed.), Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 13-32). New York, NY: Springer.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Gibler, K. M., Ziobrowski, A. J. (2002). Authors’ perceptions and preferences among real estate journals. Real Estate Economics, 30, 137-157.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Gilliam, J. E., Jerman, O. (2015). Gifted and Talented Evaluation Scales: A norm-referenced procedure for identifying gifted and talented students: Second edition [Assessment Instrument]. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Google Scholar
Horn, J. L., Cattell, R. B. (1966). Refinement and test of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 253-270.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Kaufman, A. S., Kaufman, N. L. (2004a). Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children–Second edition (KABC-II) [Assessment Instrument]. Bloomington, MN: Pearson.
Google Scholar
Kaufman, A. S., Kaufman, N. L. (2004b). Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test–Second edition (KBIT-2) [Assessment Instrument]. Bloomington, MN: Pearson.
Google Scholar
Kaufman, A. S., Kaufman, N. L. (2005). Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement–Second edition (KTEA-II) [Assessment Instrument]. Bloomington, MN: Pearson.
Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C., Plucker, J. A. (2011). Intelligence and creativity. In Sternberg, R. J., Kaufman, S. B. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of intelligence (pp. 771-783). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Kaufman, J. C., Plucker, J. A., Baer, J. (2008). Essentials of creativity assessment. New York, NY: Wiley.
Google Scholar
Lohman, D. F. (2002). Cognitive Abilities Test: Form 6 [Assessment Instrument]. Rolling Meadows, IL: Riverside Publishing.
Google Scholar
Lohman, D. F. (2009). Identifying academically talented students: Some general principles, two specific procedures. In Shavinia, L. V. (Ed.), International handbook in giftedness (pp. 971-997). New York, NY: Springer.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Lohman, D. F., Korb, K. A. (2006). Gifted today but not tomorrow? Longitudinal changes in ability and achievement during elementary school. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 29, 451-484.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Mather, N., Hammill, D.D., Allen, E.A., Roberts, R. (2014). Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency–Second Edition (TOSWRF-2) [Assessment Instrument]. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Google Scholar
Mather, N., Roberts, R., Hammill, D.D., Allen, E.A. (2008). Test of Orthographic Competence (TOC) [Assessment Instrument]. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Google Scholar
Mather, N., Wendling, B. J. (2014). Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities: Examiner’s manual. Rolling Meadows, IL: Riverside Publishing.
Google Scholar
McCall, R. B., Appelbaum, M., Hogarty, P. S. (1973). Developmental changes in mental performance. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38, 1-84.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
McClain, M. C., Pfeiffer, S. I. (2012). Identification of gifted students in the United States today: A look at state definitions, policies, and practices. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 28, 59-88.
Google Scholar | Crossref
McIntosh, D. E., Dixon, F. (2005). Use of intelligence tests in the identification of giftedness. In Flanagan, D., Harrison, P. (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (2nd ed., pp. 504-520). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Mylopoulos, M., Lohfeld, L., Norman, G. R., Dhaliwal, G., Eva, K. W. (2012). Renowned physicians’ perceptions of expert diagnostic practice. Academic Medicine, 87, 1413-1417. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31826735fc
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Naglieri, J. A. (2008). Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test–Second Edition (NNAT2) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: NCS Pearson.
Google Scholar
Naglieri, J. A., Das, J. P., Goldstein, S. (2014). Cognitive Assessment System–Second edition (CAS2) [Assessment Instrument]. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Google Scholar
National Association of Gifted Children . (2015). State of the states in gifted education: Policy and practice data. Retrieved from http://www.nagc.org/sites/default/files/key%20reports/2014-2015%20State%20of%20the%20States%20%28final%29.pdf
Google Scholar
Neihart, M. (2008). Peak performance for smart kids. Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.
Google Scholar
Nicpon, M. F., Pfeiffer, S. I. (2011). High ability students: New ways to conceptualize giftedness and provide psychological services in the schools. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 27, 293-305.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Nisbett, R. E. (2009). Intelligence and how to get it. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Google Scholar
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Teddlie, C. (2003). A framework for analyzing data in mixed methods research. In Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp. 351-383). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, S. I. (2003). Challenges and opportunities for students who are gifted: What the experts say. Gifted Child Quarterly, 47, 161-169.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Pfeiffer, S. I. (2012). Current perspectives on the identification and assessment of gifted students. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 30, 3-9.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Pfeiffer, S. I. (2013). Serving the gifted. New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, S. I. (2015). Essentials of gifted assessment. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, S. I., Jarosewich, T. (2003). The Gifted Rating Scales (GRS) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: Pearson Assessment.
Google Scholar
QSR International . (2015). NVivo Qualitative Data Analysis Software: Tenth edition [Computer software]. Available from http://www.qsrinternational.com
Google Scholar
Raven, J. C. (2000). The Raven’s Progressive Matrices: Change and stability over culture and time. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 1-48.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Raven, J. C. (2008). Intelligence, engineered invisibility, and the destruction of life on earth. In Raven, J., Raven, J. (Eds.), Uses and abuses of intelligence: Studies advancing Spearman and Raven’s quest for non-arbitrary metrics (pp. 431-471). Unionville, NY: Royal Fireworks Press.
Google Scholar
Renzulli, J. S., Smith, L. H., White, A. J., Callahan, C. M., Hartman, R. K., Westberg, K. L. (2002). Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students: Revised edition [Assessment Instrument]. Mansfield Center, CT: Creative Learning Press.
Google Scholar
Reynolds, C. R. (2014a). Reynolds Adaptable Intelligence Test (RAIT) [Assessment Instrument]. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Google Scholar
Reynolds, C. R. (2014b). Test of General Reasoning Ability (TOGRA) [Assessment Instrument]. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Google Scholar
Reynolds, C. R., Kamphaus, R. W. (2015). Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS-2) and the Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test (RIST-2)—Professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Google Scholar
Robertson, S. G., Pfeiffer, S. I., Taylor, N. (2011). Serving the gifted: A national survey of school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, 48, 786-799.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Ryser, G. R. (2007). Profiles of creative abilities: Examiner’s manual. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
Google Scholar
Ryser, G. R., Johnsen, S. K. (1998). Test of Mathematical Abilities for Gifted Students (TOMAGS) [Assessment Instrument]. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
Google Scholar
Ryser, G. R., McConnell, R. (2004). Scales for Identifying Gifted Students (SIGS) [Assessment Instrument]. Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.
Google Scholar
Sattler, J. M. (2008). Assessment of children: Cognitive foundations (5th ed.). San Diego, CA: Jerome M. Sattler.
Google Scholar
Sattler, J. M. (2014). Foundations of behavioral, social, and clinical assessment of children (5th ed.). San Diego, CA: Jerome M. Sattler.
Google Scholar
Siegle, D., Langley, S. D. (2015). Promoting optimal mindsets among gifted children. In Neihart, M., Pfeiffer, S. I., Cross, T. L. (Eds.), The social and emotional development of gifted children: What do we know? (pp. 269-282). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.
Google Scholar
Silverman, L. K. (2013). Giftedness 101. New York, NY: Springer.
Google Scholar
Spearman, C. (1925). Some issues in the theory of “g” (including the law of diminishing returns). Nature, 116, 436-439.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Sternberg, R . (in press). Theories of intelligence. In Pfeiffer, S. I., Shaughnessy-Dedrick, E., Foley Nicpon, M. (Eds.), Handbook of giftedness and talent. Washington, DC: APA Books.
Google Scholar
Sternberg, R. J., Jarvin, L., Grigorenko, E. L. (2011). Explorations of the nature of giftedness. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Subotnik, R. F. (2003). A developmental view of giftedness: From being to doing. Roeper Review, 26, 14-15.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Subotnik, R. F., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., Worrell, F. C. (2011). Rethinking giftedness and gifted education: A proposed direction forward based on psychological science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12, 3-54.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Subotnik, R. F., Worrell, F. C., Olszewski-Kubilius, P. (2015). The psychological science of talent development. In Neihart, M., Pfeiffer, S. I., Cross, T. L. (Eds.), The social and emotional development of gifted children: What do we know? (pp. 145-157). Waco, TX: Prufrock Press.
Google Scholar
Thompson, K. C., Morris, R. J. (2008). Ethical and professional practice issues in the provision of educational services to gifted students. In Pfeiffer, S. I. (Ed.), Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 309-326). New York, NY: Springer.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Wechsler, D . (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition (WAIS-IV) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Google Scholar
Wechsler, D. (2012). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence–Fourth edition (WPPSI-IV) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Google Scholar
Wechsler, D. (2014). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth edition (WISC-V) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
Google Scholar
Wechsler, D., Naglieri, J.A. (2006). Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV) [Assessment Instrument]. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
Google Scholar
Woodcock, R. W., McGrew, K. S., Mather, N. (2001). Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement–Third edition (WJ-Ach III) [Assessment Instrument]. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing.
Google Scholar
Woodcock, R. W., McGrew, K. S., Werder, J. K (1994). Woodcock-McGrew-Werder Mini-Battery of Achievement (MBA) [Assessment Instrument]. Chicago: Riverside Publishing.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JPA-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in: