The Israeli army drafts both men and women, and most Israelis complete their military service during their emerging adulthood years. This study examined Israeli women’s experiences as soldiers in the army. Twenty-three women (18 emerging adults, 5 young adults) were recruited using purposive sampling and interviewed about how they experienced their gender and sexuality during their army service. Interviews were analyzed using open and focused coding. Participants reported experiencing their army tenure as gendered and sexualized beings. Themes that emerged include gender performance, sexual harassment, and dating experiences and heteronormativity. This study expands current knowledge by examining Israeli emerging adult soldiers, gender, and sexuality in the Israeli army and looking at the intersection of gender, culture, and development.

Adelman, M. ( 2003). The military, militarism, and the militarization of domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 9, 1118-1152.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Arnett, J.J. ( 2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Arnett, J.J. ( 2005). The vitality criterion: A new standard of publication for Journal of Adolescent Research. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 3-7.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Arnett, J.J. ( 2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for ? Child Development Perspectives, 1, 68-73.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Berkovitch, N. ( 1997). Motherhood as a national mission: The construction of womanhood in the legal discourse in Israel. Women’s Studies International Forum, 20, 605-619.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Butler, J. ( 1999). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity . New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Cameron, D. , & Kulick, D. ( 2003). Language and sexuality. Cambridge , England: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Emerson, R.M. , Fretz, R.I. , & Shaw, L.M. ( 1995). Writing ethnographic fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Enloe, C. ( 1983). Does khaki become you? London: South End Press.
Google Scholar
Espiritu, Y.L. ( 2001). "We don’t sleep around like White girls do": Family, culture, and gender in Filipina American lives. Signs, 26, 415-440.
Google Scholar | ISI
Farley, L. ( 1978). Sexual shakedown: The sexual harassment of women on the job. New York: Warner Books.
Google Scholar
Golan, G. ( 1997). Militarization and gender: The Israeli experience. Women’s Studies International Forum, 20, 581-586.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Herbert, M.S. ( 1998). Camouflage isn’t only for combat: Gender, sexuality, and women in the military. New York: New York University Press.
Google Scholar
Impett, E.A. , Schooler, D. , & Tolman, D.L. ( 2006). To be seen and not heard: Femininity ideology and girls’ sexual health. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 131-144.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Izraeli, D.N. ( 1997). Gendering military service in the Israel defense forces . Israel Social Science Research, 12, 129-166.
Google Scholar
Klein, U. ( 1999). "Our best boys": The gendered nature of civil-military relations in Israel. Men and Masculinities, 2, 47-65.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Lobel, T.E. , Slone, M. , & Winch, G. ( 1997). Masculinity, popularity, and self-esteem among preadolescent girls. Sex Roles, 36, 395-408.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
MacKinnon, C. ( 1979). Sexual harassment of working women: A case of sex discrimination . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Google Scholar
Magley, V. , Waldo, C. , Drasgow, F. , & Fitzgerald, L. (1999). The impact of sexual harassment on military personnel: Is it the same for men and women? Military Psychology, 11, 283-302.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Nurmi, J.E. , Poole, M.E. , & Seginer, R. ( 1995). Tracks and transitions: A comparison of adolescent future-oriented goals, explorations, and commitments in Australia, Israel, and Finland. International Journal of Psychology, 30, 355-375.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Rapoport, T. , & El-Or, T. ( 1997). Cultures of womanhood in Israel: Social agencies and gender production. Women’s Studies International Forum , 20, 573-580.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Sasson-Levy, O. ( 2002). Constructing identities at the margins: Masculinities and citizenship in the Israeli Army. Sociological Quarterly , 43, 357-383.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Sasson-Levy, O. ( 2003). Feminism and military gender practices: Israeli women soldiers in "masculine" roles. Sociological Inquiry, 73, 440-465.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Sasson-Levy, O. ( 2007). Contradictory consequences of mandatory conscription: The case of women secretaries in the Israeli military. Gender & Society, 21, 481-507.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Sasson-Levy, O. , & Amram-Katz, S. (2007). Gender integration in Israeli officer training: Degendering and regendering the military. Signs, 33, 106-133.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Schilt, K. , & Westbrook, L. ( 2009). Doing gender, doing heteronormativity: "Gender normals," transgender people, and the social maintenance of heterosexuality. Gender & Society, 23, 440-464.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Scott, K.A. , & Brown, D. ( 2006). Female first, leader second? Gender bias in the encoding of leadership behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes, 101, 230-242.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Seginer, R. ( 1988). Adolescents’ orientation toward the future: Sex role differentiation in a sociocultural context. Sex Roles , 18, 739-757.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Shapira, A. ( 1992). Land and power: The Zionist resort to force, 1881-1948 . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Google Scholar
Shefer, T. , & Mankayi, N. ( 2007). The (hetero)sexualization of the military and the militarization of (hetero)sex: Discourses on male (hetero)sexual practices among a group of young men in the South African military. Sexualities, 10, 189-207.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Shulman, S. , Blatt, S.J. , & Walsh, S. ( 2006). The extended journey and transition to adulthood: The case of Israeli backpackers. Journal of Youth Studies, 9, 231-246.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Sion, L. ( 2008). Peacekeeping and the gender regime: Dutch female peacekeepers in Bosnia and Kosovo. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography , 37, 561-585.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Sion, L. , & Ben-Ari. E. (2007). Imagined masculinity: Body, sexuality, and family among Israeli military reserves. Symbolic Interaction, 32, 21-43.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Street, A.E. , Gradus, J.L. , Stafford, J. , & Kelly, K. ( 2007). Gender differences in experiences of sexual harassment: Data from a male-dominated environment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 464-474.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Tolman, D.L. ( 2002). Dilemmas of desire: Teenage girls and sexuality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Tolman, D.L. , Spencer, R. , Rosen-Reynoso, M. , & Porche, M. ( 2003). Sowing the seeds of violence in heterosexual relationships: Early adolescents narrate compulsory heterosexuality. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 159-178.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Weinberg, N. , & Denmark, F.L. ( 1978). Israeli women, the myth of sexual equality. International Journal of Group Tensions, 8, 112 -119.
Google Scholar
Werczberger, R. ( 2001). The advancement of the status of women in Israel. Jerusalem, Israel: Research and Information Center, The Knesset.
Google Scholar
West, C. , & Zimmerman, D. ( 1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125-151.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Williams, C.L. ( 1989). Gender differences at work: Women and men in nontraditional occupations. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Google Scholar
Williams, C.L. , Giuffre, P.A. , & Dellinger, K. ( 1999). Sexuality in the workplace. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 73-93.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Yuval-Davis, N. ( 1985). Front and rear: The sexual division of labor in the Israeli Army. Feminist Studies, 11, 649-675.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JAR-article-ppv for $36.00