Abstract
Stage Challenge is a performing arts competition for New Zealand secondary schools. This longitudinal study used observations, repeated questionnaires, informal conversations, and a graffiti board to follow the 5-month experience of a student-led girls’ team aged 10 to 17 years (n = 103). The focus was on the quality of their experience and what contributed to and detracted from their desire to repeat it in future. Stage Challenge was affectively positive, provided flow experiences and a sense of integrity for participants. Integrity played a particularly strong role in students’ desire to repeat the experience. The experience was socially intense and produced both a sense of togetherness and frustration as a result. Implications for youth performing arts activities are discussed.
|
Baard, P. P. (1994). A motivational model for consulting with not-for-profit organizations: A study of church growth and participation. Consulting Psychology Journal, 46, 19-31. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Baumeister, R. F., Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 479-529. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Byrne, C., Macdonald, R., Carlton, L. (2003). Assessing creativity in musical compositions: Flow as an assessment tool. British Journal of Music Education. 20, 277-290. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Carli, M., Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F. (1988). The quality of experience in the flow channels: Comparison of Italian and U.S. students. In Csikszentmihalyi, M., Csikszentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 288-306). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. London, UK: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Crocker, P. R. E. (1997). A confirmatory factor analysis of the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) with a youth sport sample. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 91-97. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. Google Scholar | |
|
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. New York, NY: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Csikszentmihalyi, M., Larson, R. (1984). Being adolescent: Conflict and growth in the teenage years. New York, NY: Basic Books. Google Scholar | |
|
Custodero, L. A. (1998). Observing flow in young children’s music learning. General Music Today, 12, 21-27. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Custodero, L. A. (2002). Seeking challenge, finding skill: Flow experience and music education. Arts Education Policy Review, 103, 3-9. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Dallos, R. (2006). Observational methods. In Breakwell, G. M., Hammond, S., Fife-Shaw, C. (Eds.), Research methods in psychology (pp. 124-145). London, UK: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes error: Emotion, reason and the human brain. London, UK: Papermac. Google Scholar | |
|
Darling, N., Caldwell, L., Smith, R. (2005). Participation in school-based extracurricular activities and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Leisure Research, 37, 51-76. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Daykin, N., Orme, J., Evans, D., Salmon, D., McEachran, M., Brain, S. (2008). The impact of participation in the performing arts on adolescent health and behaviour: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Health Psychology, 13, 251-264. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Delle Fave, A., Massimini, F. (1988). Modernisation and the changing contexts of flow in leisure and work. In Csikszentmihalyi, M., Csikszentmihalyi, I. S. (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness (pp. 193-213). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Dworkin, J. B., Larson, R., Hansen, D. (2003). Adolescents’ accounts of growth experiences in youth activities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 17-26. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eccles, J. S. (1987). Gender roles and women’s achievement-related decisions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, 135-171. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Eccles, J., Barber, B., Stone, M., Hunt, J. (2003). Extracurricular activities and adolescent development. Journal of Social Issues, 59, 865-899. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 109-132. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Edwards, D., Mullis, F. (2001). Creating a sense of belonging to build safe schools. Journal of Individual Psychology, 57, 196-202. Google Scholar | |
|
Fredricks, J. A., Alfeld-Liro, C. J., Hruda, L. Z., Eccles, J. S., Patrick, H., Ryan, A. M. (2002). A qualitative exploration of adolescents’ commitment to athletics and the arts. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17, 68-97. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Grunstein, R., Bauman, A., Nutbeam, D. (2001). The Rock Eisteddfod Challenge® as a health promotion to increase adolescent resiliency and improve health behaviours (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Google Scholar | |
|
Hansen, D. M., Larson, R. W., Dworkin, J. B. (2003). What adolescents learn in organized youth activities: A survey of self-reported developmental experiences. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 25-55. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Harré, N., Bullen, P. (2010). Personal project commitment in adolescence: The role of relatedness, competence and integrity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 235-251. Google Scholar | |
|
Hektner, J. M. (2001). Family, school and community: Predictors of adolescent growth-conducive experiences: Global and specific approaches. Applied Developmental Science, 5, 172-183. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Jackson, S. A. (1992). Athletes in flow: A qualitative investigation of flow states in elite figure skaters. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 4, 161-180. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Jackson, S. A., Eklund, R. C. (2002). Assessing flow in physical activity: The Flow State Scale-2 and Dispositional Flow Scale-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24, 133-150. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Jackson, S. A., Marsh, H. W. (1996). Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 17-35. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kahneman, D. (1999). Objective happiness. In Kahneman, D., Diener, E., Schwarz, N. (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 3-25). New York, NY: Russell Sage. Google Scholar | |
|
Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding to a better end. Psychological Science, 4, 401-405. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Kemp, S., Burt, C. D. B., Furneaux, L. (2008). A test of the peak-end rule with extended autobiographical events. Memory and Cognition, 36, 132-138. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55, 170-183. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Larson, R. W., Brown, J. R. (2007). Emotional development in adolescence: What can be learned from a high school theatre programme. Child Development, 78, 1083-1099. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | |
|
Martin, J. C., Cutler, K. (2002). An exploratory study of flow and motivation in theater actors. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 344-352. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Miron-Shatz, T. (2009). Evaluating multiepisode events: Boundary conditions for the peak-end rule. Emotion, 9, 206-213. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Miron-Shatz, T., Stone, A., Kahneman, D. (2009). Memories of yesterday’s emotions: Does the valence of experience affect the memory-experience gap? Emotion, 9, 885-891. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Newman, B. M., Newman, P. R. (2001). Group identity and alienation: Giving the we its due. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 515-536. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
O’Neill, S. (1999). Flow theory and the development of musical performance skills. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 141, 129-134. Google Scholar | |
|
Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Google Scholar | |
|
Raymore, L. A., Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S., Godbey, G. C. (1999). Leisure behaviour pattern stability during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 79-103. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Royal, M. A., Rossi, R. J. (1996). Individual-level correlates of sense of community: Findings from workplace and school. Journal of Community Psychology, 24, 395-416. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Ryan, R. M. (1989). The nature of the self in autonomy and relatedness. In Strauss, J., Geothals, G. R. (Eds.), The self: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 208-238). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. Google Scholar | |
|
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialetic perspective. In Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M. (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3-36). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1-28. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Sarrazin, P., Vallerand, R., Guillet, E., Pelletier, L., Cury, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout on female handballers: A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 395-418. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sheldon, K. M., Bettencourt, B. A. (2002). Psychological need-satisfaction and subjective well-being within social groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 25-38. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Sheridan, M., Byrne, C. (2002). Ebb and flow of assessment in music. British Journal of Music Education, 19, 136-143. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Sinclair, J. R. (1997). Children in the spotlight: Emotional correlates of cooperative performance in early adolescence (Doctoral dissertation). University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (Dissertation Abstracts International, AAT NQ 28059) Google Scholar | |
|
Stage Challenge Foundation New Zealand . (2008, October 10). Retrieved from http://www.stagechallenge.co.nz/ Google Scholar | |
|
Stein, G. L., Kimiecik, J. C., Jackson, S. A. (1995). Psychological antecedents of flow in recreational sport. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 125-135. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |

