Emerging adulthood has been defined as a distinct developmental stage in which youth experience opportunities for identity development and transition toward independence. While this period has been examined for youth in the general population, less is known about how foster youth experience this transition. This study uses qualitative interviews with 20 foster youth to understand their experiences during emerging adulthood. Consensual qualitative research is used to analyze data and develop core themes around youth experiences. Foster youth not only report sharing many characteristics with youth in the general population during this stage but also have experiences that are uniquely tied to their foster care history. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Aquilino, W. (2006). Family relationships and support systems in emerging adulthood. In Arnett, J. J., Tanner, J. (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 193-217). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through early twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence through midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 133-143.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Arnett, J. J., Tanner, J. L. (2006). Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Avery, R. J. (2010). An examination of theory and promising practice for achieving permanency for teens before they age out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 399-408. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.10.011
Google Scholar
Baker, W. (2000). Achieving success through social capital: Tapping the hidden resources in your personal and business networks. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Berzin, S. C. (2008). Difficulties in the transition to adulthood: Using propensity scoring to understand what makes foster youth vulnerable. Social Service Review, 82, 171-196.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Berzin, S. C., Rhodes, A. M., Curtis, M. A. (2011). Housing experiences of former foster youth: How do they fare in comparison to older youth? Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 2119-2126.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bussiere, A. (2006). Permanence for older foster youth. Family Court Review, 44, 231-243.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Bynner, J. (2005). Rethinking the youth phase of the life-course: The case for emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth Studies, 8, 367-384.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Collins, M. E. (2004). Enhancing services to youths leaving foster care: Analysis of recent legislation and its potential impact. Children and Youth Services Review, 26, 1051-1065. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.08.005
Google Scholar
Collins, M. E., Paris, R., Ward, R. L. (2008). The permanence of family ties: Implications for youth transitioning from foster care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 54-62.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Courtney, M. E., Dworsky, A. (2006). Early outcomes for young adults transitioning from out-of-home care in the USA. Child & Family Social Work, 11, 209-219.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Courtney, M. E., Dworsky, A., Hook, J., Brown, A., Cary, C., Love, K., . . . Bost, N. (2011). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth. Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
Google Scholar
Courtney, M. E., Terao, S., Bost, N. (2004). Midwest evaluation of the adult functioning of former foster youth: Conditions of youth preparing to leave state care. Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of Chicago.
Google Scholar
DeMarco, A. C., Berzin, S. C. (2008). The influence of family economic status on home leaving patterns during emerging adulthood. Families in Society, 89, 208-218.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Dworsky, A., Courtney, M. E. (2010). The risk of teenage pregnancy among transition foster youth: Implications for extending state care beyond age 18. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 1351-1356.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Foster, H., Hagan, J., Brooks-Gunn, J. (2008). Growing up fast: Stress exposure and subjective “weathering” in emerging adulthood. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 49, 162-177.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Gault, J., Leach, E., Duey, M. (2010). Effects of business internships on job marketability: The employers’ perspective. Education & Training, 52, 76-88.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Geenen, S., Powers, L. E. (2007). “Tomorrow is another problem”: The experiences of youth in foster care during their transition into adulthood. Children and Youth Services Review, 29, 1085-1101. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.04.008
Google Scholar
Goerge, R. M., Bilaver, L., Lee, B. J., Needell, B., Brookhart, A., Jackman, W. (2002). Employment outcomes for youth aging out of foster care: Chapin Hall Center for Children, Chicago, IL.
Google Scholar
Hill, C. E., Knox, S., Thompson, B. J., Williams, E. N., Hess, S. A. (2005). Consensual qualitative research: An update. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 196-205.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., Williams, E. N. (1997). A guide to conducting consensual qualitative research. The Counseling Psychologist, 25, 517-572.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Hook, J. L., Courtney, M. E. (2011). Employment outcomes of former foster youth as young adults: The importance of human, persona, and social capital. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 1855-1865.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Howard, J., Berzin, S. C. (2011). Never too old: Achieving permanency and sustaining connections for older youth in foster care. New York, NY: Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute.
Google Scholar
Johnson, M. K., Berg, J. A., Sirotzki, T. (2007). Differentiation in self-perceived adulthood: Extending the confluence model of subjective age identity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 70, 243-261.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Johnson, M. K., Mollborn, S. (2009). Growing up faster, feeling older: Hardship in childhood and adolescence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 72, 39-60.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Lemon, K., Hines, A. M., Merdinger, J. (2005). From foster care to young adulthood: The role of independent living programs in supporting successful transitions. Children and Youth Services Review, 27, 251-270. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.09.005
Google Scholar
Osgood, D. W., Foster, E. M., Flanagan, C., Ruth, G. R. (2005). On your own without a net: The transition to adulthood for vulnerable populations. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Pecora, P. J., Kessler, R. C., O’Brien, K., White, C. R., Williams, J., Hiripi, E., . . .Herrick, M. A. (2006). Educational and employment outcomes of adults formerly placed in foster care: Results from the Northwest Foster Care Alumni Study. Children and Youth Services Review, 28, 1459-1481.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Pecora, P. J., Williams, J., Kessler, R. C., Downs, A. C., O’Brien, K., Hiripi, E., Morello, S. (2003). Assessing the effects of foster care: Early results from the Casey National Alumni Study. Seattle, WA: Casey Family Programs.
Google Scholar
Ponterotto, J. G. (2005). Qualitative research in counseling psychology: A primer on research paradigms and philosophy of science. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 126-136.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Propp, J., Ortega, D. M., Newheart, F. (2003). Independence or interdependence: Rethinking the transition from “ward of the court” to adulthood. Families in Society, 84, 259-266.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Reilly, T. (2003). Transition from care: Status and outcomes of youth who age out of foster care. Child Welfare, 82, 727-746.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Samuels, G. M. (2008). A reason, a season, or a lifetime: Relationship permanence among young adults with foster care backgrounds. Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall.
Google Scholar
Samuels, G. M., Pryce, J. M. (2008). “What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger”: Survivalist self-reliance as resilience and risk among young adults aging out of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1198-1210.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Schoeni, R. F., Ross, K. E. (2005). Material assistance from families during the transition to adulthood. In Settersten, R. A., Furstenberg, F. F., Rumbaut, R. G. (Eds.), In on the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 396-416). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Scholz, R. W., Steiner, R., Hansmann, R. (2004). Role of internship in higher education in environmental sciences. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41, 24-46.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Settersten, R., Furstenberg, F. F., Rumbaut, R. G. (Eds.). (2005). On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Settersten, R., Ray, B. E. (2010). Not quite adults: Why 20-somethings are choosing a slower path to adulthood, and why it’s good for everyone. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
Google Scholar
Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 667-692.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Shook, J., Goodkind, S., Pohlig, R. T., Schelbe, L., Herring, D., Kim, K. H. (2011). Patterns of mental health, substance abuse, and justice system involvement among youth aging out of child welfare. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81, 420-432.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Smith, W. B. (2011). Youth leaving foster care: A developmental relationship-based approach to practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Surjadi, F. F., Lorenz, F. O., Wickrama, K. A. S., Conger, R. D. (2011). Parental support, partner support, and the trajectories of mastery from adolescence to early adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 619-628.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
U.S. Children’s Bureau . (2011). AFCARS Report No. 18: Preliminary FY10 estimates. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Google Scholar
Wade, J. (2008). The ties that bind: Support from birth families and substitute families for young people leaving care. British Journal of Social Work, 38, 39-54.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
White, C. R., O’Brien, K., White, J., Pecora, P., Phillips, C. (2008). Alcohol and drug use among alumni of foster care: Decreasing dependency through improvement of foster care experiences. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 35, 419-434.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
White, L. (1994). Coresidence and leaving home: Young adults and their parents. Annual Review of Sociology, 20, 81-102.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JAR-article-ppv for $36.00