The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between transformational leadership and spiritual well-being among elementary school principals. A correlational research or ex post facto method was used in this study. The sample population comprised 141 subjects, of which 69 were male and 72 were female. Bass and Avolio’s Transformational Leadership Questionnaires and Ellison’s Spiritual Well-Being Scale were used. The results obtained indicated that the assessment of domains related to transformational leadership style would show, relatively, the importance of a ‘without intervention’ leadership style; however, values for passive avoidant leadership, management-by-exception and contingent reward were greater than the other dimensions used. There was a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and its dimensions, as well as transformational leadership and its dimensions, excluding the religious dimension and intellectual stimulation, contingent reward, management-by-exception and passive avoidant leadership, and between dimensional being and leadership without intervention in other dimensions (though low). The results of this study also showed that the spiritual well-being dimension can predict 12.7% of the behavior of transformational leadership of principals.

Abbasi, M, Azizi, F, Shamsi, GA. (2012) Conceptual and operational definition of spiritual well-being: A methodological study. Journal of Medical Ethics Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences 6(20):1143.
Google Scholar
Asarrodi, A, Golafshany, A, Akaberi, A (2011) Relationship of spiritual health and life quality of nurses. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Science 3(4):8188
Google Scholar
Avolio, BJ, Bass, BM (2002) Developing Potential across a Full Range of Leadership Cases on Transactional and Transformational Leadership. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Google Scholar
Avolio, BJ, Walumbwa, FO, Weber, JT (2009) Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology 60(1):421449
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Bass, BM (1985) Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Google Scholar
Bass, BM (1997) Dose the transactional - transformational Leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychological Association 52(2):130139.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Bass, BM, Avolio, BJ (1992) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Google Scholar
Bhindi, N, Duignan, P (1997) Leadership for the new century: Authenticity, intentionality, spirituality and sensibility. Management and Administration Journal 25(2):117132.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Burke, S, Collins, P (2001) Gender differences in leadership styles and management skills. Women in Management Review 16(5):244257.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Burns, JM (1978) Transactional and Transformational Leadership. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
Google Scholar
Cardona, P (2000) Transcendental leadership. The Leadership and Organizational Development Journal 21(4):201206.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Carson, NB (1989) Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
Google Scholar
Conger, JA, Kanungo, RN (1988) Behavioral dimensions of charismatic leadership. In: Conger, JA, Kanungo, RN (eds) Charismatic Leadership: The Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Daryabar, SA (2012) Investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational health Shiraz, Iran principals. Electronic Journal on Management. Available at: http://onlinemanagers.ir/EMag/ContentDetails.aspx?cid=1532#_ftn1.
Google Scholar
Dehshiri, G, Sohrabi, F, Parsley, AS. (2008) Evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale of spiritual well-being among students. Psychological Studies 16:129145.
Google Scholar
Elkins, DN, Hedstrom, LJ, Hughes, LL. (1998) Toward a humanistic phenomenological spirituality. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 28(4):518.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Ellison, CW (1983) Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology 11(4):330340.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Emblem, J, Halstead, L (1993) Spiritual needs and interventions; comparing the views of patients, nurses and chaplains. Clinical Nurse Specialist 7: 175182.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline
Fairholm, GW (1998) Leadership and the Culture of Trust. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Google Scholar
Fry, LW (2003) Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The Leadership Quarterly 14(6):693727.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Fry, LW, Matherly, LL (2006) Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Performance: An Exploratory Study. Tarleton State University, Texas.
Google Scholar
Fukui, S, Starnino, VR, Nelson-Becker, HB (2012) Spiritual well-being of people with psychiatric disabilities: The role of religious attendance, social network size and sense of control. Community Mental Health Journal 48(2):202211.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Fulmer, R, Gibbs, P, Keys, B (1998) The second generation learning organization: New tools for sustaining competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics 27(2):621.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Gomez, R, Fisher, JW (2003) Domains of spiritual well-being and development and validation of the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences 35(8):19751991.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Greenleaf, RK (1998) Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. New York, NY: Paulist Press.
Google Scholar
Hilliard, JC (2004) Inspired by the Golden Rule. Publishers Weekly 251(51):212215.
Google Scholar
Howell, JM, Avolio, BJ (1993) Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: Key predictors of Consolidated- Business-Unit Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 78(6):891902.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Jackson, R, Monteux, A (2003) Promoting the spiritual wellbeing of children and young people with special needs. Scottish Journal of Residential Care 2(1):5254.
Google Scholar
Jacobsen, J (1994) Towards a rhetoric of spirituality in mental health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing 26(2):289294.
Google Scholar
Kaya, A (2015) The relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors: A research on school principals’ behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice 15(3):597606.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
King, S, Nicol, DM (1999) Organizational enhancement through recognition of individual spirituality. Journal of Organizational Change Management 12(3):234243.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Krejcie, RV, Morgan, DW (1970) Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement 30:608610.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI
Lowe, KB, Gardner, WL (2000) Ten years of The Leadership Quarterly: Contributions and challenges for the future. Leadership Quarterly 11(4):459514.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Mahboobi, M, Etemadi, M, Khorasani, E. (2012) The Relationship between spiritual health and social anxiety in chemical veterans. Iranian Journal of Military Medicine 14(3):186191.
Google Scholar
Martsolf, D, Mickley, J (1998) The concept of spirituality in nursing theories: Differing world-views and extent of focus. Journal of Advanced Nursing 27(2):294303.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Meraviglia, MG (1999) Critical analysis of spirituality and its empirical indicators. Prayer and meaning in life. J Holist Nurs 17(1):1833.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Miller, KE, Omidian, P, Qurarshy, AS. (2006) The Afghan Symptom Checklist: a culturally grounded approach to mental health assessment in a conflict zone. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 76(4): 423433.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Miller, JE, Walker, JR, Drummond, KE (2007) Supervision in the Hospitality Industry. (4th ed.) New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Google Scholar
Northouse, P (2004) Leadership Theory and Practice. CA: SAGE.
Google Scholar
Pawar, BS, Eastman, KK (1997) Approach to Transformational Leadership in Organizations, translation Chegini, M. Godarznavd , database management, scientific papers, publication year 2010.
Google Scholar
Riaz, O (2012) Spirituality and Transformational Leadership in Education, FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 654, available at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/654.
Google Scholar
Riaz, O, Normore, AH (2008) Examining the spiritual dimension of educational leadership. Values and Ethics in Educational Administration 6(4):18.
Google Scholar
Safairad, I, Karimi, L, Shomoossi, N. (2010) Relationship between spiritual well-being and mental health in students. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Science 17(4): 270276.
Google Scholar
Sanders, J, Hopkins, W, Geroy, G (2003) From transactional to transcendental: Toward an integrated theory of leadership. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies 9(4):2131.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Spector, PE (2004) Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community Psychology 13:1819.
Google Scholar
Tabeli, H, Tirgar, E, Mozaffari, L. (2012) The relationship between transformational leadership style and creativity of employees in government agencies Neyriz city. Journal of Initiative and Creativity in the Humanities 2(5):125.
Google Scholar
Taheri, M, FathAli Baygi, SA (2010) A Review of the Theories of Mental Health and mental health, Spiritual Well-Being and Enrichment abstracts. National Conference on Islamic Education, Qom. 23 May 2010.
Google Scholar
Thompson, WD (2003) Can you train people to be spiritual? Training and Development 54(12):1819.
Google Scholar
Twigg, N, Parayitm, K (2007) Transformational leadership in labor organizations: The effects on union citizenship behaviors. Journal of Labor Research 29(1):2741.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Wheatley, M (2002) Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World. San Bruno, CA: Audio Literature.
Google Scholar
Yukl, G (2005) Leadership in Organizations (5th Ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Google Scholar
Zwart, GA (2000) The relationship between spirituality and transformational leadership in public, private, and nonprofit sector organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of La Verne, La Verne.
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

MIE-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in:

Related Articles

Citing articles: 0