![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
This descriptive, qualitative study aimed at identifying disparities in perceptions of males and females regarding gender-based differences in educational leadership. Data were gathered purposively from 20 renowned male and female educationists having a long experience of leadership in various institutes of Pakistan. An open-ended questionnaire was used as a research tool to express their perceptions. Data were thematically analyzed under pre-defined categories borrowed from different leadership theorists. The results showed that both male and female respondents perceive that males have more leadership qualities as compared to females. It is especially true about abilities of decision-making and empowering the employees.
Keywords Educational leadership, disparities, quality of a leader
References
Section:
|
Addi-Raccah, A, Ayalon, H (2002) Gender inequality in leadership positions of teachers. British Journal of Sociology of Education 23(2):157–177. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Alimo-Metcalfe, B, Alban-Metcalfe, J (2005) Leadership: Time for a new direction? Leadership 1(1):51–71. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Andrabi, T, Das, J, Khwaja, AI (2005) A Dime a Day: The Possibilities and Limits of Private Schooling in Pakistan. Available at: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/akhwaja/papers/PrivateSchool_CER.pdf (accessed 9 September 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Badat, I (2014) Where Are all the Women in Higher Education Leadership? Manchester, UK: British Council. 6 March 2014. Available at: https://www.britishcouncil.org/…/where-are-all-the-women-in-higher-education-leader (accessed 25 August 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Benko, C, Pelster, B (2013) How Women Decide. Harvard Business Review. September 2013. Available at: https://hbr.org/2013/09/how-women-decide (accessed 29 April 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Bennis, W, Nanus, B (1985) Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers. Google Scholar | |
|
Bensimon, EM (1993) A feminist reinterpretation of President’s definition of leadership. In: Glazer, J, Bensimon, EM, Townsend, BK (eds) Women in Higher Education: A Feminist Perspective. Needham Height, MA: Ginn Press, pp.465–474. Google Scholar | |
|
Blackmore, J (1999) Troubling Women: Feminism, Leadership and Educational Change. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
British Council Pakistan (2015) Women in Higher Education Leadership in South Asia: Rejection, Refusal, Reluctance, Revisioning. Centre of Higher Education & Equity Research. Available at: https://www.britishcouncil.org/sites/default/files/british-council-women-higher-education-leadership-south-asia.pdf (accessed 3 April 2016). Google Scholar | |
|
Chamorro-Premuzic, T (2013). Why Do So Many Incompetent Men Become Leaders? Harvard Business Review. 22 August 2013. Available at: https://hbr.org/2013/08/why-do-so-many-incompetent-men (accessed 15 July 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Eagly, AH, Karau, SJ (2002) Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review 109(3):573–598. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Economic Survey Pakistan (2010) Teachers in Educational Institutions in Pakistan. Available at: www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_12/10-Education.pdf (accessed 23 December 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Goleman, D (2000) Leadership That Gets Results. Harvard Business Review. Available at: http://www.springbusinessmanagement.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Leadership-That-Gets-Results-Goleman.pdf (accessed 7 June 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Heilman, ME, Block, CJ, Martell, RF (1995) Sex stereotypes: Do they influence perceptions of managers? Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 10(6):237–252. Google Scholar | |
|
Huston, T (2014) Are Women Better Decision Makers? The New York Times. 17 October 2014. Available at: www.nytimes.com/2014/10/19/opinion/…/are-women-better-decision-makers.html (accessed 26 June 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
Lennon, T (2012) Benchmarking Women’s Leadership in the United States: Colorado Women’s College, University of Denve. Available at: http://womenscollege.du.edu/benchmarking-womens-leadership (accessed 10 December 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
McNae, R, Vali, K (2015) Diverse experiences of women leading in higher education: Locating networks and agency for leadership within a university context in Papua New Guinea. Gender and Education 27(3):288–303. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Paustian-Underdahl, SC, Walker, LS, Woehr, DJ (2014) Gender and perceptions of leadership effectiveness: A meta-analysis of contextual moderators. Journal of Applied Psychology 99(6):1129–1145. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Sandelowski, M (2000) Focus on research methods: Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health 23(4):334–340. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Shah, S (2015) Where does the power lie? Gender, leadership, and positional power. In: Reilly, EC, Bauer, QJ (eds) Women Leading Education Across the Continents: Overcoming the Barriers. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, pp.165–171. Google Scholar | |
|
Smallwood, N (2009) Decoding leadership. Harvard Business Review. 15 September 2009. Available at: https://hbr.org/2009/09/decoding-leadership (accessed 17 July 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
The World Economic Forum (2015) Global Gender Gap Report 2015. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2015 (accessed 20 November 2015). Google Scholar | |
|
UNESCO & ITA (2013) Status of Teachers in Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: UNESCO & ITA. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002272/227256e.pdf (accessed 10 March 2015). Google Scholar |
