Study abroad is one aspect of global movement that connects individuals of diverse backgrounds. Individuals studying abroad are proffered to negotiate self-identity when they confront novelty and new contexts. This study chose to use the qualitative method of phenomenological interviews to examine how individuals experience themselves and others when abroad. Specifically, the study focused on modifications of self-identity via self-images. The results presented emotions, cognitions, and behaviors experienced by individuals during global encounters. The study indicates that individuals negotiate identity while studying abroad and modify self-images associated with personal identity (unique character traits) rather than social identity (shared traits with ingroup). The authors propose that identity among global citizens is an ongoing process that is context dependent and less stable than previously regarded.

Adams, J. M., Carfagna, A. (2006). Coming of age in a globalized world: The next generation. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
Google Scholar
Bailey, J. A. (2003). Self-image, self-concept, and self-identity revisited. Journal of National Medical Association, 95, 383-386.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI
Bhatia, S., Ram, A. (2004). Culture, hybridity, and the dialogical self: Cases from the south Asian diaspora. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 11, 224-240.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Blackledge, A., Pavlenko, A. (2001). Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. International Journal of Bilingualism, 5, 243-257.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Chen, G. M., Starosta, W. J. (2000, November 8–12). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Communication Association, Seattle, WA.
Google Scholar
Commission on the Abraham Lincoln Study Abroad Fellowship Program . (2005). Global competence and national needs: One million Americans studying abroad. Washington, DC: Author.
Google Scholar
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Dolby, N. (2004). Encountering an American self: Study abroad and national identity. Comparative Education Review, 48, 150-173.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Google Scholar
Falk, R., Kanach, N. A. (2000). Globalization and study abroad: An illusion of paradox. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 6, 155-168.
Google Scholar
Gardner, D., Witherell, S. (2007). American students studying abroad up to record levels: 8.5%. Retrieved from http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/?p=113744
Google Scholar
Heppner, P. (2006). The benefits and challenges of becoming cross-culturally competent counseling psychologists: Presidential address. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 147-172.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Hermans, H. J., Dimaggio, G. (2007). Self, identity, and globalization in times of uncertainty: A dialogical analysis. Review of General Psychology, 11, 31-61.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Institute of International Education . (2011). Open Doors 2011 Fast Facts [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Research-Projects/~/media/Files/Corporate/Open-Doors/Fast-Facts/Fast%20Facts%202011.ashx
Google Scholar
Jewett, S. (2010). “We’re sort of imposters”: Negotiating identity at home and abroad. Curriculum Inquiry, 40, 636-656.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Karlberg, M. (2008). Discourse, identity, and global citizenship. Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 20, 310-320.
Google Scholar
King, P. M., Magolda, M. B. (2005). A developmental model of intercultural maturity. Project Muse, 46, 571-592.
Google Scholar
Leech, N. L., Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2008). Debriefing. In Given, L. M. (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research (pp. 199-201). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
May, R. (1953). Man’s search for himself. London, England: W.W. Norton.
Google Scholar
Miller, J. K., Todahl, J., Platt, J. J., Lambert-Shute, J., Eppler, C. (2010). Internships for future faculty: Meeting the career goals of the next generation of educators in marriage and family therapy. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 36, 71-79.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Milstein, T. (2005). Transformation abroad: Sojourning and the perceived enhancement of self-efficacy. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 217-238.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Myers, L. J., Speight, S. L., Highlen, P. S., Cox, C. I., Reynolds, A. L., Adams, E. M., Hanley, C. P. (1991). Identity development and worldview: Toward an optimal conceptualization. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 54-63.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Onorato, R. S., Turner, J. C. (2004). Fluidity in the self concept: The shift from personal to social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 257-278.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Onwumechili, C., Nwosu, P. O., Jacksinn, R. L., James-Hughes, J. (2003). In the deep valley with mountains to climb: Exploring identity and multiple reacculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 41-62.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Phinney, J. S., Ong, A. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 271-281.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Platt, J. J. (2012). A Mexico City based immersion education program: Training mental health workers for practice with Latino communities. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 38, 352-364.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Rogers, C. (1980). A way of being. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin.
Google Scholar
Rundstrom, W. T. (2005). Exploring the impact of study abroad on students’ intercultural communication skills: Adaptability and sensitivity. Journal of Studies in International Education, 9, 356-371.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Sheppard, K. (2004). Global citizenship: The human face of international education. International Education, 34, 34-40.
Google Scholar
Spiering, K., Erickson, S. (2006). Study abroad as innovation: Applying the diffusion model to international education. International Education Journal, 7, 314-322.
Google Scholar
Suarez-Orozco, C., Qin-Hilliard, D. B. (Eds.). (2004). Globalization culture and education in the new millennium. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Google Scholar
Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 477-486.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Swann, W. B., Bosson, J. (2008). Identity negotiation: A theory of self and social interaction. In John, O., Robins, R., Pervin, L. (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology: Theory and research (pp. 448-471). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Swann, W. B., Gomez, A., Seyle, D. C., Morales, J. F., Huici, C. (2009). Identity fusion: The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 995-1011.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Swann, W. B., Milton, L. P., Polzer, J. T. (2000). Should we create a niche or fall in line? Identity negotiation and small group effectiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 238-250.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI
Ting-Toomey, S. (1999). Communicating across cultures. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Turner, J. C. (1984). Social identification and psychological group formation. In Tajfel, H. (Ed.), The social dimension: European developments in social psychology (pp. 518-536). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar | Crossref
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics . (2012). Global flow of tertiary level students [Data file]. Retrieved from http://www.uis.unesco.org/education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx
Google Scholar
Ward, C., Kennedy, A. (1993). Psychological and socio-cultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions: A comparison of secondary students overseas and at home. International Journal of Psychology, 28, 129-147.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Woolf, M. (2007). Impossible things before breakfast: Myths in education abroad. Journal of International Education, 11, 496-509.
Google Scholar | Abstract
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JEE-article-ppv for $36.00