Sometimes environmental philosophers write only for other environmental philosophers, and their insights on the nature–human relationship do not reach environmental educators and adventure programmers. This article investigates one aspect of environmental philosophy and the differences between anthropocentric and ecocentric thinking, and applies it to the outdoor recreation and environmental education fields. Even some philosophers themselves believe that the anthropocentric/ecocentric debate is a theoretical discussion with few practical implications, but there are several reasons that outdoor recreation professionals and environmental educators might consider anthropocentric and ecocentric distinctions in their work. They include an appreciation of motivations behind environmental action and the practical value of discussing philosophical differences.

Bates, J. (2003). An inquiry into the nature of environmentally sound thinking. Environmental Ethics, 25, 183-197.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Brown, C. (2003). The real and the good: Phenomenology and the possibility of an axiological rationality. In Brown, C., Toadvine, T. (Eds.), Eco-phenomenology: Back to the earth itself (pp. 3-18). New York: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Callicott, J. B. (1989). In defense of the land ethic: Essays in environmental philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Callicott, J. B. (1992). Rolston on intrinsic value: A deconstruction. Environmental Ethics, 14, 129-143.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Callicott, J. B. (1996). On Norton and the failure of monistic inherentism. Environmental Ethics, 18, 219-221.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Casas, A. B., Burgess, R. A. (2012). The practical importance of philosophical inquiry for environmental professionals: A look at the intrinsic/instrumental value debate. Environmental Practice: Journal of the National Association of Environmental Professionals, 14(3), 184-189.
Google Scholar
Clarke, N. C., McCool, D. (1985). Staking out the terrain: Power differentials among natural resource management agencies. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York, NY: Touchstone.
Google Scholar
Diehm, C. (2008). Staying true to trees: A specific look at anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism. Environmental Philosophy, 5(2), 3-16.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Donnelly, B., Bishop, P. (2007). Natural law and ecocentrism. Journal of Environmental Law, 19(1), 89-101.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Frodeman, R. (2004). Philosophy in the field. In Foltz, B. V., Frodeman, R. (Eds.), Rethinking nature: Essays in environmental philosophy (pp. 149-164). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Google Scholar
Goralnik, L., Nelson, M. P. (2011). Framing a philosophy of environmental action: Aldo Leopold, John Muir, and the importance of community. Journal of Environmental Education, 42, 181-192.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Hargrove, E. (2003). Weak anthropocentric intrinsic value. In Light, A., Rolston, H. (Eds.), Environmental ethics: An anthology (pp. 175-190). Malden, MA: Wiley–Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Knapp, C. (2006). Book review of rethinking nature: Essays in environmental philosophy. Journal of Environmental Education, 37(3), 45-46.
Google Scholar
Kopnina, H. (2012). Education for sustainable development (ESD): The turn away from “environment” in environmental education? Educational Education Research, 18, 699-717.
Google Scholar
Kopnina, H. (2013). Evaluating education for sustainable development (ESD): Using ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes toward the Sustainable Development (EAATSD) Scale. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15, 607-623.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Kronlid, D. O., Öhman, J. (2013). An environmental ethical conceptual framework for research on sustainability and environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 19(1), 21-44.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Leopold, A. (1949). A sand county almanac: And sketches here and there. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Maly, K. (2004). A sand county almanac: Through anthropogenic to ecogenic thinking. In Foltz, B. V., Frodeman, R. (Eds.), Rethinking nature: Essays in environmental philosophy (pp. 289-301). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Google Scholar
McDonald, H. P. (2004). John Dewey and environmental philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
McShane, K. (2007). Anthropocentrism vs. nonanthropocentrism: Why should we care? Environmental Values, 16, 169-185.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Nicol, R. (2014). Entering the fray: The role of outdoor education in providing nature-based experiences that matter. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 46, 449-461.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Norton, B. (1984). Environmental ethics and weak anthropocentrism. Environmental Ethics, 6, 131-148.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Norton, B. (1986). Conservation and preservation: A conceptual rehabilitation. Environmental Ethics, 8, 195-220.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Norton, B. (1995). Seeking common ground for environmental change. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 10, 100-102.
Google Scholar
Rolston, H. (2008). Naturalizing values: Organisms and species. In Pojman, L., Pojman, P. (Eds.). Environmental ethics: Readings in theory and practice (pp. 107-120). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
Google Scholar
Schultz, J., Simpson, S., Elfessi, A. (2011). The environmental action and philosophy matrix: An exploratory study of the environmental attitudes of recreation management and environmental studies students. Journal of Environmental Education, 42, 98-108.
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JEE-article-ppv for $36.00