Background: Many postsecondary institutions offer outdoor programs to incoming students as a form of orientation or transition event. Positive outcomes for students are shown to result from these interventions but less is known about the mechanisms leading to these outcomes. Purpose: This article argues that conversation is one of these mechanisms and suggests canoe trips are an especially good intervention in which to generate conversation about student transition. Methodology/Approach: Insights emerging from our own outdoor orientation program called Portage lead to a hypothesis that canoe trips create three conditions ideal for the generation of productive conversation about student transition: the emergence of communitas, more egalitarian and communal relationships, and a rich source of metaphor. Findings/Conclusions: The Portage experience shows promise as a way to help students explore their educational and transition experiences through conversation. Implications: The intentional generation of conversation through metaphor on canoe trips may offer a useful space of pedagogical possibility to help students contemplate and pass through their transition more productively.

Bacon, S. (1983). The conscious use of metaphor in Outward Bound. Denver: Colorado Outward Bound School.
Google Scholar
Bateson, G. (2000). Steps to an ecology of mind. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Bell, B. J. (2006). Wilderness orientation: Exploring the relationship between college preorientation programs and social support. Journal of Experiential Education, 29, 145-167. doi:10.1177/105382590602900206
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bell, B. J., Gass, M., Nafzigar, C., Starbuck, D. (2014). The state of knowledge of outdoor orientation programs: Current practices, research, and theory. Journal of Experiential Education, 37, 31-45. doi:10.1177/1053825913518891
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bell, B. J., Holmes, M., Vigneault, B., Williams, B. (2008). Student involvement: Critical concerns of outdoor orientation programs. Journal of Experiential Education, 30, 253-257. doi:10.1177/105382590703000306
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Bennion, J., Olsen, B. (2002). Wilderness writing: Using personal narrative to enhance outdoor experience. Journal of Experiential Education, 25, 239-246. doi:10.1177/105382590202500108
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Csikszentmihalyi, M., Csikszentmihalyi, I. (1990). Adventure and the flow experience. In Miles, J., Priest, S. (Eds.), Adventure education (pp. 145-156). State College, PA: Venture Publications.
Google Scholar
Curtis, R. (2000). Leave a trace program: Community education for incoming college students in wilderness orientation programs. Retrieved from Outdoor Education Professional’s Resource website: http://www.outdoored.com/articles/Article.aspx?ArticleID=159
Google Scholar
D’Amato, L., Krasny, M. (2011). Outdoor adventure education: Applying transformative learning theory to understanding instrumental learning and personal growth in environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 42, 237-254. doi:10.1080/00958964.2011.581313
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Foran, A. (2005). The experience of pedagogic intensity in outdoor education. Journal of Experiential Education, 28, 147-163. doi:10.1177/105382590502800207
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Gass, M. A. (1999). Transfer of learning in adventure education. In Miles, J. C., Priest, S. (Eds.), Adventure education (pp. 199-208). State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Google Scholar
Gass, M. A., Garvey, D., Sugerman, D. (2003). The long-term effects of a first-year student wilderness orientation program. Journal of Experiential Education, 26(1), 34-40. doi:10.1177/105382590302600106
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Gass, M. A., Priest, S. (1993). Using metaphors and isomorphs to transfer learning in adventure education. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 10(4), 18-23.
Google Scholar
Gibbs, R. W., Lima, P. L., Francozo, E. (2004). Metaphor is grounded in embodied experience. Journal of Pragmatics, 36, 1189-1210. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2003.10.009
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Hattie, J. A., Marsh, H. W. (1996). Future research in self-concepts. In Bracken, B. (Ed.), Handbook on Self-concept (pp. 421-462). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Google Scholar
Hill, A., Brown, M. (2014). Intersections between place, sustainability and transformative outdoor experiences. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 14, 217-232. doi:10.1080/14729679.2014.918843
Google Scholar | Crossref
Jordan, M. (2014). Moving beyond counselling and psychotherapy as it currently is—Taking therapy outside. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 16, 361-375. doi:10.1080/13642537.2014.956773
Google Scholar | Crossref
Lakens, D., Stel, M. (2011). If they move in sync, they must feel in sync: Movement synchrony leads to attributions of rapport and entitativity. Social Cognition, 29(1), 1-14. doi:10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.1
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Land, R., Rattray, J., Vivian, P. (2014). Learning in the liminal space: A semiotic approach to threshold concepts. Higher Education, 67, 199-217. doi:10.1007/s10734-013-9705-x
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Laurillard, D. (2002). Rethinking university teaching: A conservational framework for the effective use of learning technologies. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Google Scholar | Crossref
Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books.
Google Scholar
Martin, A. J., Leberman, S. I. (2005). Personal learning or prescribed educational outcomes: A case study of the outward bound experience. Journal of Experiential Education, 28, 44-59. doi:10.1177/105382590502800106
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Mayer, J., Land, R., Baillie, C. (2010). Editor’s preface. In Mayer, J., Land, R., Baillie, C. (Eds.), Threshold concepts and transformational learning (pp. ix-xlii). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.
Google Scholar
McDermott, L. (2004). Exploring intersections of physicality and female-only canoeing experiences. Leisure Studies, 23, 283-301. doi:10.1080/0261436042000253039
Google Scholar | Crossref
Meyer, J., Land, R. (2003). Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge: Linkages to ways of thinking and practicing within the disciplines. In Rust, C. (Ed.), Improving student learning: Improving student learning theory and practice—Ten years on (pp. 1-16). Oxford, UK: Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development.
Google Scholar
Meyer, J., Land, R. (2005). Threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge: Epistemological considerations and a conceptual framework for teaching and learning. Higher Education, 49, 373-388. doi:10.1007/s10734-004-6779-5
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Miles, J. (1995). Wilderness as healing place. In Warren, K., Sakofs, M., Hunt, J. (Eds.), The theory of experiential education (pp. 45-56). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
Google Scholar
Mullins, P. M. (2013). A phenomenological approach to canoe tripping: Applicability of the dwelling perspective (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Google Scholar
Oldmixon, M. (2007). The great outdoors: Campus and individual benefits of outdoor adventures programming. The Bulletin of the Association of College Unions International, 75(2), 72-75.
Google Scholar
Pascarella, E. T., Terenzini, P. T., Feldman, K. A. (2005). How college affects students. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar
Pascarella, E. T., Terenzini, P. T., Wolfle, L. M. (1986). Orientation to college and freshman year persistence/withdrawal decisions. The Journal of Higher Education, 57, 155-175. doi:10.2307/1981479
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Revell, S., McLeod, J. (2017). Therapists’ experience of walk and talk therapy: A descriptive phenomenological study. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 19, 267-289. doi:10.1080/13642537.2017.1348377
Google Scholar | Crossref
Ribbe, R., Cyrus, R., Langan, E. (2016). Exploring the impact of an outdoor orientation program on adaptation to college. Journal of Experiential Education, 39, 355-369. doi:10.1177/1053825916668900
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals
Rude, W. J., Bobilya, A. J., Bell, B. J. (2017). An investigation of the connection between outdoor orientation and thriving. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9, 197-216. doi:10.18666/jorel-2017-v9-i2-8101
Google Scholar | Crossref
Schwartz, F., Belknap, C. (2017). Effects of a college outdoor orientation program on trait emotional intelligence. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 9, 69-82. doi:10.18666/jorel-2017-v9-i1-7429
Google Scholar | Crossref
Sharpe, E. K. (2005). Delivering communitas: Wilderness adventure and the making of community. Journal of Leisure Research, 37, 255-280. doi:10.1080/00222216.2005.11950053
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Tierney, W. (1992). An anthropological analysis of student participation in college. The Journal of Higher Education, 63, 603-618. doi:10.2307/1982046
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Tinto, V. (1988). Stages of Student Departure: Reflections on the Longitudinal Character of Student Leaving. The Journal of Higher Education, 59(4), 438-455. doi:10.1080/00221546.1988.11780199
Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI
Tinto, V. (1999). Taking retention seriously: Rethinking the first year of college. NACADA Journal, 19(2), 5-9. doi:10.12930/0271-9517-19.2.5
Google Scholar | Crossref
Tinto, V. (2012). Leaving college rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Turner, V. W. (1969). The ritual process. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing.
Google Scholar
Turner, V. W. (1982). From ritual to theatre: The human seriousness of play. New York, NY: Performing Arts Journal Publications.
Google Scholar
Van Gennep, A . (1960). The rites of passage. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Woosley, S. (2003). How important are the first few weeks of college? The long term effects of initial college experiences. College Student Journal, 37, 201-207. Retrieved from http://projectinnovation.biz/csj_2006.html
Google Scholar
View access options

My Account

Welcome
You do not have access to this content.



Chinese Institutions / 中国用户

Click the button below for the full-text content

请点击以下获取该全文

Institutional Access

does not have access to this content.

Purchase Content

24 hours online access to download content

Your Access Options


Purchase

JEE-article-ppv for $36.00

Article available in:

Related Articles

Citing articles: 0