![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
References
| 1. | Jankowski, JA , Odze, RD . Biomarkers in gastroenterology: between hope and hype comes histopathology. Am J Gastro-enterol. 2009; 104: 1093–1096. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 2. | Figueiredo, C , van Doorn, LJ , Nogueira, C. Helicobacter pylori genotypes are associated with clinical outcome in Portuguese patients and reveal a high prevalence of infections with multiple strains. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001; 36: 128–135. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 3. | Machado, JC , Pharoah, P , Sousa, S. Interleukin-1b and inter-leukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2001; 121: 823–829. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 4. | Figueiredo, C , Machado, JC , Pharoah, P. Helicobacter pylori and interleukin-1 genotyping: an opportunity to identify high-risk individuals for gastric carcinoma? J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 1680–1687. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 5. | Machado, JC , Figueiredo, C , Canedo, P. A pro-inflammatory genetic profile increases the risk of chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2003; 125: 364–371. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 6. | Moutinho, C , Mateus, AR , Milanezi, F , Carneiro, F , Seruca, R , Suriano, G . Epidermal growth factor receptor structural alterations in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer. 2008; 8: 10. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 7. | Varis, A , Zaika, A , Puolakkainen, P. Coamplified and over-expressed genes at ERBB2 locus in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer. 2004; 109: 548–553. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 8. | Park, DI , Yun, JW , Park, JH. HER-2/neu amplification is an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 2006; 51: 1371–1379. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 9. | Kim, MA , Jung, EJ , Lee, HS. Evaluation of HER-2 gene status in gastric carcinoma using immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hum Pathol. 2007; 38: 1386–1393. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 10. | Barros-Silva, JD , Leitão, D , Afonso, L. Association of ERBB2 gene status with histopathological parameters and disease-specific survival in gastric carcinoma patients. Br J Cancer. 2009; 100: 487–493. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 11. | David, L , Seruca, R , Nesland, JM. c-erbB-2 Expression in primary gastric carcinomas and their metastases. Mod Pathol. 1992; 5: 384–390. Google Scholar | Medline |
| 12. | Van Cutsem, E , Kang, Y , Chung, H. Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: a phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard chemotherapy (CT) in first-line human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (GC). J Clin Oncol. 2009; 27: 18. Google Scholar | Crossref |
| 13. | Carneiro, F , Oliveira, C , Leite, M , Seruca, R . Molecular targets and biological modifiers in gastric cancer. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2008; 25: 274–287. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 14. | Pinto, M , Wu, Y , Mensink, RG , Cirnes, L , Seruca, R , Hofstra, RM . Somatic mutations in mismatch repair genes in sporadic gastric carcinomas are not a cause but a consequence of the mutator phenotype. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2008; 180: 110–114. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 15. | Wu, CW , Chen, GD , Jiang, KC. A genome-wide study of microsatellite instability in advanced gastric carcinoma. Cancer. 2001; 92: 92–101. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 16. | Beghelli, S , de Manzoni, G , Barbi, S. Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer is associated with better prognosis in only stage II cancers. Surgery. 2006; 139: 347–356. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 17. | Lindor, NM , Rabe, K , Petersen, GM. Lower cancer incidence in Amsterdam-I criteria families without mismatch repair deficiency: familial colorectal cancer type X. JAMA 2005; 293: 1979–1985. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 18. | Al-Tassan, N , Chmiel, NH , Maynard, J. Inherited variants of MYH associated with somatic G:C>T:A mutations in colorectal tumors. Nat Genet. 2002; 30: 227–232. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 19. | Boland, CR . Evolution of the nomenclature for the hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes. Fam Cancer. 2005; 4: 211–218. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 20. | Ligtenberg, MJ , Kuiper, RP , Chan, TL. Heritable somatic methylation and inactivation of MSH2 in families with Lynch syndrome due to deletion of the 3, exons of TACSTD1. Nat Genet. 2009; 41: 112–117. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 21. | Hitchins, MP , Wong, JJ , Suthers, G. Inheritance of a cancer-associated MLH1 germ-line epimutation. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356: 697–705. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 22. | Sayed, MG , Ahmed, AF , Ringold, JR. Germline SMAD4 or BMPR1A mutations and phenotype of juvenile polyposis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002; 9: 901–906. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 23. | Lu, SL , Kawabata, M , Imamura, T. HNPCC associated with germline mutation in the TGF-beta type II receptor gene. Nat Genet. 1998; 19: 17–18. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 24. | Lammi, L , Arte, S , Somer, M. Mutations in AXIN2 cause familial tooth agenesis and predispose to colorectal cancer. Am J Hum Genet. 2004; 74: 1043–1050. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 25. | Jass, JR , Cottier, DS , Pokos, V , Parry, S , Winship, IM . Mixed epithelial polyps in association with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer providing an alternative pathway of cancer histogenesis. Pathology. 1997; 29: 28–33. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 26. | Young, J , Barker, MA , Simms, LA. Evidence for BRAF mutation and variable levels of microsatellite instability in a syndrome of familial colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005; 3: 254–263. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 27. | Cheah, PY , Wong, YH , Chau, YP. Germline bone morphogenesis protein receptor 1A mutation causes colorectal tumorigenesis in hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104: 3027–3033. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 28. | van Krieken, JH , Jung, A , Kirchner, T. KRAS mutation testing for predicting response to anti-EGFR therapy for colorectal carcinoma: proposal for a European quality assurance program. Virchows Arch. 2008; 453: 417–431. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
