![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of oral cavity lesions in cats, their anatomical location and histological diagnosis, and the effect of life stage, breed and sex on different diagnoses.
Methods
For this purpose, a retrospective study comprising 297 feline oral cavity lesions was performed over a 6-year period between 2010 and 2015. Histopathological records from the DNAtech Pathology Laboratory (Lisbon, Portugal) were analysed.
Results
The incidence of oral disease was higher in male cats (n = 173; 58.4%), mature adults (ranging from 7 to 10 years old [n = 88; 33.0%]) and in the European Shorthair breed (n = 206; 73.6%). The gingiva was the site where oral lesions were most commonly found, with 128 samples (43.1%). Incisional biopsies were used to obtain the majority of samples (n = 256; 86.2%), while excisional biopsies and punch biopsies were performed in 36 (12.1%) and five (1.7%) cases, respectively. Inflammatory and neoplastic lesions accounted for 187 (63%) and 110 (37%) of the studied cases, respectively. Malignancies were found in >80% of neoplastic cases. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis was the most common histological diagnosis (n = 116; 39.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n = 49; 16.5%) and eosinophilic granuloma complex (n = 33; 11.1%).
Conclusions and relevance
The present work, involving a large series of samples of feline oral cavity lesions, from numerous geographically scattered practices and all examined at a reference veterinary pathology laboratory, adds important new understanding of the epidemiology of feline oral disease.
References
| 1. |
Lommer, MJ . Oral inflammation in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013; 43: 555–571. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 2. |
Bonello, D . Feline inflammatory, infectious and other oral conditions. In: Tutt, C, Deeprose, J, Crosseley, D (eds). British Small Animal Veterinary Association manual of canine and feline dentistry . 3rd ed. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, 2007, pp 126–145. Google Scholar |
| 3. |
Healey, KAE, Dawson, S, Burrow, R, et al. Prevalence of feline chronic gingivo-stomatitis in first opinion veterinary practice. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9: 373–381. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 4. |
Rolim, VM, Pavarini, SP, Campos, FS, et al. Clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of feline chronic gingivostomatitis. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19: 403–409. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 5. |
Mikiewicz, M, Pazdzior-Czapula, K, Gesek, M, et al. Canine and feline oral cavity tumours and tumour-like lesions: a retrospective study of 486 cases (2015–2017). J Comp Pathol 2019; 172: 80–87. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 6. |
Wingo, K . Histopathologic diagnoses from biopsies of the oral cavity in 403 dogs and 73 cats. J Vet Dent 2018; 35: 7–17. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 7. |
Foster, A . Clinical approach to feline eosinophilic granuloma complex. Comp Anim Pract 2003; 25: 2–9. Google Scholar |
| 8. |
Buckley, L, Nuttall, T. Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex(ities): some clinical clarification. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14: 471–481. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 9. |
Stebbins, KE, Morse, CC, Goldschmidt, MH. Feline oral neoplasia: a ten-year survey. Vet Pathol 1989; 26: 121–128. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 10. |
Liptak, JM, Withrow, SJ. Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract – oral tumors. In: Withrow, SJ, Vail, DM, Page, RL (eds). Withrow & MacEwen’s small animal clinical oncology. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier, 2013, pp 381–397. Google Scholar |
| 11. |
Rodrígues-Quirós, J, Trobo, J, San Román, FSR. Neoplasias orales en pequeños animales. Cirurgía maxilofacial I . In: Ascaso, FSR (ed). Atlas de odontología en pequeños animales. Madrid: Grass Edicions, 1998, pp 143–161. Google Scholar |
| 12. |
Morris, J, Dobson, J. Head and neck. In: Morris, J, Dobson, J (eds). Small animal oncology. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001, pp 104–118. Google Scholar | Crossref |
| 13. |
Head, KW, Cullen, JM, Dubielzig, RR, et al. Histological classification of tumors of the alimentary system of domestic animals. Second series. World Health Organization. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 2003. Google Scholar |
| 14. |
Munday, JS, Löhr, CV, Kiupel, M. Tumors of the alimentary tract. In: Meuten, DJ (ed). Tumors in domestic animals. 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2017, pp 499–601. Google Scholar |
| 15. |
Colgin, LM, Schulman, FY, Dubielzig, RR. Multiple epulides in 13 cats. Vet Pathol 2001; 38: 227–229. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 16. |
Bruijn, ND, Kirpensteijn, J, Neyens, IJS, et al. A clinicopathological study of 52 feline epulides. Vet Pathol 2007; 44: 161–169. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals |
| 17. |
Vogt, AH, Rodan, I, Brown, M, et al. Feline life stage guidelines. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46: 70–85. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline |
| 18. |
Diehl, K, Rosychuk, RAW. Feline gingivitis-stomatitis-pharyngitis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1993; 23: 139–153. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 19. |
Wiggs, RB . Estomatite linfocítica-plasmocítica. In: Norsworthy, GD, Crystal, MA, Tilley, LP (eds). O paciente felino . 2nd ed. São Paulo: Roca, 2009, pp 667–669. Google Scholar |
| 20. |
Bloom, PB . Canine and feline eosinophilic skin diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2006; 36: 141–160. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 21. |
Soltero-Rivera, MM, Krick, EL, Reiter, AM, et al. Prevalence of regional and distant metastasis in cats with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma: 49 cases (2005–2011). J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:164–169. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 22. |
Fondati, A, Fondevila, D, Ferrer, L. Histopathological study of feline eosinophilic dermatosis. Vet Dermatol 2001; 12: 333–338. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI |
| 23. |
Martin, CK, Tannehill-Gregg, SH, Wolfe, TD, et al. Bone-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats: pathology and expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein. Vet Pathol 2011; 48: 302–312. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI |
| 24. |
Head, KW, Else, RW, Dubielzig, RR. Tumors of the alimentary tract. In: Meuten, DJ (ed). Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Iowa City, IA: Iowa State Press, 2002, pp 401–482. Google Scholar | Crossref |
