![[PDF]](/pb-assets/Icons/adobe-pdf-icon-1498649896243.png){kind=icon}
Abstract
Over 30 years ago the original teaching games for understanding (TGfU) proposition was published in a special edition of the Bulletin of Physical Education (Bunker and Thorpe, 1982). In that time TGfU has attracted significant attention from a theoretical and pedagogical perspective as an improved approach to games and sport teaching in physical education (PE). It has been particularly championed as a superior alternative to what Kirk (2010) and Metzler (2011) described as a traditional method. Recently, however, one of the TGfU authors suggested that the TGfU premise needs to be revisited in order to explore and rethink its relevance so that pedagogy in PE again becomes a central and practical issue for PE (Almond, 2010), as it has not been as well accepted by PE teachers as it has by academics. In order to review and revisit TGfU and consider its relevance to games and sport teaching in PE this paper outlines two areas of the TGfU proposition: (1) the basis for the conceptualisation of TGfU; (2) advocacy of TGfU as nuanced versions. The empirical-scientific research surrounding TGfU and student learning in PE contexts is reviewed and analysed. This comprehensive review has not been undertaken before. The data-driven research will facilitate a consideration as to how TGfU practically assists the physical educator improve games and sport teaching. The review of the research literature highlighted the inconclusive nature of the TGfU proposition and brought to attention the disparity between researcher as theory generator and teacher practitioner as theory applier. If TGfU is to have improved relevance for teachers of PE more of an emphasis needs to be placed on the normative characteristics of pedagogy that drive this practice within curricula.
References
Section:
|
Alarcon, F, Cardenas, D, Miranda, MT (2009) Effect of a training program on the improvement of basketball players’ decision making. Revista de Psicologia del Deporte 18: 403–407. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Alexander, K, Luckman, J (2001) Australian teachers’ perceptions and uses of the sport education curriculum model. European Physical Education Review 7: 243–267. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Alison, S, Thorpe, R (1997) Comparison of the effectiveness of two approaches to teaching games within PE. A skills approach verses a games for understanding approach. British Journal of Physical Education 28(3): 9–13. Google Scholar | |
|
Almond, L (2010) Forward: Revisiting the TGfU brand. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L (eds) More Teaching Games for Understanding: Moving Globally. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. vii-x. Google Scholar | |
|
Austin, B, Haynes, J, Miller, J (2004) Using a game sense approach for improving fundamental motor skills. Paper presented at: The Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) Conference, Melbourne, Victoria. Google Scholar | |
|
Australian Sports Commission (1999a) Game Sense cards. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Google Scholar | |
|
Australian Sports Commission (1999) National Coaching Accreditation Scheme: Level 2 Coaching Principles. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Google Scholar | |
|
Australian Sports Commission (2005) Active After Schools Community Playing for Life Coaches Kit. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Google Scholar | |
|
Balakrishnan, M, Rengasamy, S, Aman, MS (2011) Teaching game for understanding in physical education: A theoretical framework and implication. ATIKAN 1(2): 201–214. Google Scholar | |
|
Bell, T (2003) The PlaySmart programme: Thinking through physical education. Paper presented at: The Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) Conference, Auckland, New Zealand. Google Scholar | |
|
Berkowitz, R (1996) A practitioner’s journey: From skill to tactics. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 67(4): 44–45. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Bishop, A (1992) International perspectives on research in mathematics education. In: Grouws, D (ed) Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning. New York, NY: MacMillan Publishing Company, pp. 710–723 Google Scholar | |
|
Bohler, H (2009) Sixth-grade students, tactical understanding and decision making in a TGM volleyball unit. In: Hopper, T, Butler, J, Story, B (eds) TGfU…Simple Good Pedagogy: Understanding a Complex Challenge. Canada: Physical and Heath Education, pp. 87–99. Google Scholar | |
|
Breed, R, Spittle, M (2011) Developing Game Sense through Tactical Learning: A Resource for Teachers and Coaches. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Broek, G, Boen, F, Claessens, M (2011) Comparison of three instructional approaches to enhance tactical knowledge in volleyball among university students. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 30: 375–392. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Brooker, R, Kirk, D, Braiuka, S (2000) Implementing a game sense approach to teaching junior high school basketball in naturalistic setting. European Physical Education Review 6(1): 7–26. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Bunker, D, Thorpe, R (1982) A model for the teaching of games in secondary schools. Bulletin of Physical Education 18(1): 5–8. Google Scholar | |
|
Bunker, D, Thorpe, R (1983) Games teaching revisited. Bulletin of Physical Education, Themed Edition 19(1). Google Scholar | |
|
Bunker, D, Thorpe, R (1986) The curriculum model. In: Thorpe, R, Bunker, D, Almond, L (eds) Rethinking Games Teaching. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University of Technology, pp. 7–10. Google Scholar | |
|
Butler, J (1996) Teacher responses to teaching games for understanding. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 67(9): 17–20. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Butler, J, Griffin, L (2010) Introduction. In: Griffin, L, Butler, J (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding: Theory Research and Practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 3–14. Google Scholar | |
|
Butler, J, McCahan, B (2005) Teaching games for understanding as a curriculum model. In: Griffin, L, Butler, J (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding: Theory Research and Practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 33–54. Google Scholar | |
|
Capel, S (2000) Approaches to teaching games. In: Capel, S, Piotrowski, S (eds) Issues in Physical Education. London: Routledge Falmer, pp. 81–98. Google Scholar | |
|
Carr, D (1986) Education, professionalism and theories of teaching. Journal of Philosophy of Education 20(1): 113–121. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Carr, D (2001) Educational philosophy, theory and research: A psychiatric autobiography. Journal of Philosophy of Education 35(3): 461–476. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Carr, D (2003) Making Sense of Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy and Theory of Education and Teaching. London: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Chandler, T, Mitchell, S (1990) Reflections on models of games education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 61(6): 19–21. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Charlesworth, R (1993) Discussion topic: Designer games. Paper presented at: The Hockey Level 3 National Coaching Accreditation Scheme (NCAS) Conference , Canberra, ACT: Australia. Google Scholar | |
|
Charlesworth, R (1994) Designer games. Sport Coach 17(4): 30–33. Google Scholar | |
|
Chen, S, Light, R (2006) I thought I’d hate cricket but I love it! Year 6 students’ responses to Game Sense pedagogy. Change: Transformations in Education 9(1): 49–58. Google Scholar | |
|
Chow, JY, Davids, K, Button, C (2007) The role of non linear pedagogy in physical education. Review of Educational Research 77(3): 251–278. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Côté, J, Baker, J, Abernethy, B (2003) From play to practice: A developmental framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sports. In: Starkes, J, Ericsson, KA (eds) Expert Performance in Sports: Advances in Research on Sport Expertise. Champaign. IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 89–110. Google Scholar | |
|
Cruz, A (2004) Teachers’ and students’ perception of teaching game for understanding approach in physical education lessons. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation 10(2): 57–66. Google Scholar | |
|
Davids, K, Araujo, D, Shuttleworth, R (2005) Applications of dynamical systems theory to football. Available at: http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:WOWBpGpV5coJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=2000 (accessed 19 November 2011). Google Scholar | |
|
den Duyn, N (1996) Why it makes sense to play games. Sports Coach (Spring): 6–9. Google Scholar | |
|
den Duyn, N (1997) Game Sense – Developing Thinking Players Workbook. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Google Scholar | |
|
Dodds, P, Griffin, L, Placek, J (2001) Chapter 2. A selected review of the literature on development of learners’ domain-specific knowledge. Journal of teaching in Physical Education [Monograph] 20: 301–313. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Dyson, B, Griffin, L, Hastie, P (2004) Sport education, tactical games, and cooperative learning: Theoretical and pedagogical considerations. Quest 56: 226–240. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Eggen, P, Kauchak, D (2006) Strategies and Models for Teachers: Teaching Content and Thinking Skills. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. Google Scholar | |
|
Elliott, J (1989) Educational theory and the professional learning of teachers: An overview. Cambridge Journal of Education 19(1): 81–101. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Ellis, M (1983) Similarities and differences in games: A system for classification. Paper presented at: The Internal Association for Physical Education in Higher Education Conference , Rome, Italy. Google Scholar | |
|
Ennis, C (1999) Creating a culturally relevant curriculum for disengaged girls. Sport, Education and Society 4(1): 31–49. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Findlay, S (1982) Games teaching – The movement Analysis Approach. Artarmon: Physical Education Publication Cooperative. Google Scholar | |
|
Forrest, GJ, Pearson, PJ, Webb, PI (2006) Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU); a model for pre service teachers . Fusion Down-under: 1st International Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (ICHPER). Available at: http://ro.uow.edu.au/edupapers/328/ (accessed 19 November 2011). Google Scholar | |
|
French, KE, Werner, PH, Rink, JE (1996) The effects of a 3-week unit of tactical, skill, or combined tactical and skill instruction on badminton performance of ninth-grade students. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 15: 418–438. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
French, K, Werner, P, Taylor, K (1996) The effects of a 6 week unit of tactical, skill, or combined tactical and skill instruction on badminton performance of ninth-grade students. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 15: 439–463. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Fry, J, Tan, C, McNeil, M (2010) Children’s perspectives on conceptual games teaching: A value adding experience. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 15(2): 139–158. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Gabriele, T, Maxwell, T (1995) Direct versus indirect methods of squash instruction. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 66: A–63. Google Scholar | |
|
Gray, S, Sproule, J (2011) Developing pupils’ performance in team invasion games. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 16(1): 15–32 Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Green, K (1998) Philosophies, ideologies and the practice of physical education. Sport, Education and Society 3(2): 125–143. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Green, K (2000) Exploring the everyday ‘philosophies’ of physical education teachers from a sociological perspective. Sport, Education and Society 9(2): 109–129. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Green, K (2002) Physical education teachers in their figurations: A sociological analysis of everyday ‘philosophies’. Sport, Education and Society 7(1): 65–83. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Grehaigne, J, Godbout, P (1995) Tactical knowledge in team sports from a constructivist and cognitivist perspective. Quest 47; 490–505. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Grehaigne, J, Godbout, P (1997) Performance assessment in team sports. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 16: 500–516. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Grehaigne, J, Godbout, P (1998) Formative assessment in team sports in a tactical approach context. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 69(1): 46–51. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Grehaigne, JF, Richard, JF, Griffin, L (2005a) Teaching and Learning Team Sports and Games. New York, NY: RoutledgeFalmer. Google Scholar | |
|
Grehaigne, JF, Wallian, N, Godbout, P (2005b) Tactical-decision learning model and students' practices. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10(3): 255–269. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Griffin, L, Brooker, R, Patton, K (2005) Working toward legitimacy: Two decades of teaching games for understanding. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10(3): 213–223. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Griffin, L, Mitchell, S, Oslin, J (1997) Teaching Sport Concepts and Skills: A Tactical Games Approach. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Griffin, L, Oslin, J, Mitchell, S (1995) An analysis of two instructional approaches to teaching net games. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 66: A–64. Google Scholar | |
|
Harrison, J, Blakemore, C, Richards, R (2004) The effects of two instructional models – tactical and skill teaching – on skill development and game play, knowledge, self-efficacy, and student perceptions in volleyball. The Physical Educator 61(4): 186–199. Google Scholar | |
|
Harvey, S (2003) Teaching games for understanding: A study of U19 college soccer players improvement in game performance using the game performance assessment instrument. Paper presented at: The Sport and Physical Education for Understanding Conference, University of Melbourne, Melbourne. Google Scholar | |
|
Harvey, S, Cushion, C, Wegis, H (2010) Teaching games for understanding in American high-school soccer: A quantitative data analysis using the game performance assessment instrument. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 15(1): 29–54. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Harvey, S, Wegis, HM, Beets, MW (2009) Changes in student perceptions of their involvement in a multi-week TGfU unit of soccer: A pilot study. In: Hopper, T, Butler, J, Story, B (eds) TGfU…Simple good Pedagogy: Understanding a Complex Challenge. Canada: Physical and Heath Education, pp. 101–113. Google Scholar | |
|
Henninger, M, Pagnano, K, Patton, K (2006) Novice volleyball players’ knowledge of games, strategies, tactics and decision making in the context of game play. Journal of Physical Education New Zealand 39(1): 34–46. Google Scholar | |
|
Hoffman, SJ (1971) Traditional methodology: Prospects for change. Quest 23(1): 51–57. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Holt, J, Ward, P, Wallhead, T (2006) The transfer of learning from play practices to game play in young adult soccer players. Physical Educations and Sport Pedagogy 11(2): 101–118. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Hopper, T (2003) Four Rs for tactical awareness: Applying game performance assessment in net/wall games. Journal of Teaching Elementary Physical Education 4(2): 16–21. Google Scholar | |
|
Hopper, T (1998) Teaching games for understanding using progressive principles of play. CAPHERD/ACSEPLD 64(3): 4–7. Google Scholar | |
|
Hopper, T, Kruisselbrink, D (2001) Teaching games for understanding: What does it look like and how does it influence student skill acquisition and game performance? Available at http://web.uvic.ca/∼thopper/articles/JTPE/TGFU.htm (accessed 31 January 2013). Google Scholar | |
|
Hopper, T, Butler, J, Storey, B (2009) TGfU…Simply Good Pedagogy: Understanding a Complex Challenge. PHE Canada. Google Scholar | |
|
Howarth, K (2005) Introducing the teaching games for understanding model in teacher education programs. In: Griffin, L, Butler, J (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding: Theory, Research and Practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 91–106. Google Scholar | |
|
Howarth, K, Walkuski, J (2003) Teaching tactical concepts with preservice teachers. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L, Lombardo, B, Nastasi, R (eds) Teaching Games For Understanding in Physical Education and Sport. Reston, VA: NASPE, pp. 127–138. Google Scholar | |
|
Jones, C, Farrow, D (1999) The transfer of strategic knowledge: A test of the games classification model. Bulletin of Physical Education 9: 41–45. Google Scholar | |
|
Jones, R, Marshall, S, Peters, D (2010) Can we play games now? The intrinsic benefits of TGfU. European Journal of Physical and Health Education 42(2): 57–63. Google Scholar | |
|
Kidman, L (2005) Athlete Centred Coaching. Christchurch, NZ: Innovative Communications. Google Scholar | |
|
Kirk, D (2005) Future prospects or teaching games for understanding. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding: Theory, Research and Practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 213–227. Google Scholar | |
|
Kirk, D (2010) Physical Education Futures. Routledge: England. Google Scholar | |
|
Kirk, D, Kinchin, G (2003) Situated learning as a theoretical framework for sport education. European Physical Education Review 9(3): 221–235. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Kirk, D, Macdonald, D (1998) Situated learning in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 17: 376–387. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kirk, D, MacPhail, A (2002) Teaching game for understanding and situated learning: rethinking the Bunker-Thorpe Model. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 21: 177–192. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Kirk, D, Brooker, R, Braiuka, S (2000) Teaching games for understanding: A situated perspective on student learning. >Paper presented at: The Annual meeting of the American Educational Research, Association, New Orleans. Google Scholar | |
|
Launder, A (2001) Play Practice: The Games Approach to Teaching and Coaching Sport. Adelaide: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Launder, A, Piltz, W (2006) Beyond ‘Understanding' to Skilful Play in Games, through Play Practice. Journal of PE New Zealand 39(1): 47–57. Google Scholar | |
|
Lee, M-A, Ward, P (2009) Generalization of tactics in tag rugby from practice to games in middle school physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 14(2): 189–207. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Light, R (2003) Preservice primary teachers responses to TGfU in an Australian University: ‘No room for heroes’. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L, Lombardo, B, Nastasi, R (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding in physical education and sport. Oxon Hill: AAHPERD Publications, pp. 67–77. Google Scholar | |
|
Light, R (2013) Game sense: Pedagogy for performance, participation and enjoyment. London & New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Light, R (2004) Coaches’ experiences of Game Sense: Opportunities and challenges. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 9(2): 115–131. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Light, R, Georgakis, S (2005) Can ‘Game Sense' make a difference? Australian pre-service primary school teachers' responses to ‘Game Sense' pedagogy in two teacher education programs. Paper presented at: The Australian Association for Research in Education (AARE) Conference. Available at: http://www.aare.edu.au/05pap/geo05240.pdf (accessed 10 May 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Light, R, Fawns, R (2003) Knowing the game: Integrating speech and action through TGfU. Quest 55(2): 161–176. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Light, R, Tan, S (2006) Culture, embodied understandings and primary school teachers’ development of TGfU in Singapore and Australia. European Physical Education Review 12(1): 100–117. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Light, R, Butler, J, Patton, KT (2005) A personal journey: TGfU teacher development in Australia and the USA. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10(3): 241–254. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Liu, JK (2010) Asian-Pacific perspectives on analyzing TGfU. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L (eds) More Teaching Games for Understanding: Moving Globally. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 15–30. Google Scholar | |
|
Locke, L (1992) Changing secondary school physical education. Quest 44: 361–372. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
López, LMG, Jordán, ORC, Penney, D (2009) The role of transfer in games teaching: Implications for the development of the sports curriculum. European Physical Education Review 15(1): 47–63. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Mandigo, J, Holt, N (2004) Reading the game: Introducing the notion of games literacy. Physical and Health Education 70: 4–10. Google Scholar | |
|
Martin, R (2004) An investigation of tactical transfer in invasion/territorial games. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 75 (1: March Supplement): A73–A74. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Mauldon, E, Redfern, H (1969) Games Teaching: A New Approach for the Primary School. London: MacDonald and Evans. Google Scholar | |
|
McCormick, B (2009) Developing Basketball Intelligence. Lulu Marketplace. Google Scholar | |
|
Mcfadyen, T, Bailey, R (2002) Teaching Physical Education 11-18. New York, NY: Continuum. Google Scholar | |
|
Mckenzie, T, Alcaraz, J, Sallis, J (1994) Assessing children’s liking for activity units in an elementary school physical education curriculum. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 13: 206–215. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
McMorris, T (1998) Teaching Games for Understanding: Its contribution to the knowledge of skills acquisition from a motor learning perspective. European Journal of Physical Education 3: 65–74. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
McPherson, S (1991) Changes in knowledge content and structure in adult beginner tennis: a longitudinal study. Paper presented at: The annual meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity , Asilomar, California. Google Scholar | |
|
McPherson, S (1992) Instructional infleucnes on longtitudinal development of beginners’ knowledge respresentation between points in tennis. Paper presented at: The Annual Meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Google Scholar | |
|
McPherson, S, French, K (1991) Changes in cognitive strategy and motor skill in tennis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 13: 26–41. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Metzler, M (1986) Using systematic analysis to promote teaching skills in physical education. Journal of Teacher Education 37(4): 29–33. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Metzler, M (2011) Instructional Models for Physical Education. Scottsdale, AZ: Holocomb Hathaway. Google Scholar | |
|
Mitchell, S (2005) Different paths up the same mountain: Global perspectives on Teaching Games for Understanding. Keynote address presented at: The 3rd International Teaching Games for Understanding Conference, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong. Google Scholar | |
|
Mitchell, S, Oslin, J (1999) An investigation of tactical transfer in net games. European Journal of Physical Education 4: 162–172. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Mitchell, S, Griffin, L, Oslin, J (2006) Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Mitchell, S, Oslin, J, Griffin, L (1995) An analysis of two instructional approaches to teaching games. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 66 (1: March Supplement): A65–A66. Google Scholar | |
|
Mitchell, S, Oslin, J, Griffin, L (2003) Sport Foundations for Elementary Physical Education. A Tactical Games Approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Mosston, M (1968) Problem solving – A problem for physical educators. Paper presented at: The Annual Meeting of New York City Association of Physical Education Teachers. Available at: http://www.spectrumofteachingstyles.org/pdfs/literature/Mosston_1968_Problem_Solving.pdf (accessed 10 May 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Mosston, M (1981) Teaching Physical Education. Columbus, OH: Merrill. Google Scholar | |
|
Mosston, M, Ashworth, S (2002) Teaching Physical Education. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education. Google Scholar | |
|
Newton, D (2000) Teaching for Understanding: What it is and how to do it. London: Routledge Falmer. Google Scholar | |
|
Nuthall, G (2004) Relating classroom teaching to student learning: A critical analysis of why research has failed to bridge the theory-practice gap. Harvard Educational Review 74(3): 273–306. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
O’Connor, J (2006) Making sense of teaching skills, games and sports. In: Tinning, R, McCuaig, L, Hunter, L (eds) Teaching Health and Physical Education in Australian Schools. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia, pp. 192–199. Google Scholar | |
|
Penny, D (2003) Sport education and situated learning: Problematizing the potential. European Physical Education Review 9(3): 301–308. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | |
|
Perkins, DN (1992) Smart Schools: From Training Memories to Educating Minds. New York, NY: The Free Press. Google Scholar | |
|
Perkins, DN (1993a) Teaching for understanding. American Educator 17(3): 28–35. Google Scholar | |
|
Perkins, DN (1993b) Teaching and learning for understanding. NJEA Review 67(2): 10–18. Google Scholar | |
|
Perkins, DN, Blythe, T (1994) Putting understanding up front. Educational Leadership, 51(5): 4–7. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Pigott, B (1982) A psychological basis for new trends in games teaching. Bulletin of Physical Education 18(1): 17–22. Google Scholar | |
|
Pill, S (2007) Play with Purpose. Adelaide: ACHPER Australia. Google Scholar | |
|
Pill, S (2009) Preparing middle and secondary school pre service teachers to teach physical education through a focus on Tactical Games pedagogy. Curriculum Perspectives 29(3): 24–32. Google Scholar | |
|
Pill, S (2010) Using tactical games. Sports Coach 31(1). Google Scholar | |
|
Pill, S (2011a) Teacher engagement with teaching games for understanding-game sense in physical education. Journal of Physical Education and Sport 11(2): 115–123. Google Scholar | |
|
Pill, S (2011b) Seizing the moment: Can game sense further inform sport teaching in Australian physical education? PHENex Journal 3(1): 1–15. Google Scholar | |
|
Piltz, W (2002) Developing competent and confident players using a ‘Play Practice’ methodology. Available at: http://www.ausport.gov.au/fulltext/2002/achper/Piltz.pdf (accessed 10 May 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Piltz, W (2003) Teaching and Coaching Using a ‘Play Practice' Approach. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L, Lombardo, B, Nastasi, R (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding in Physical Education and Sport. Oxon Hill: AAHPERD Publications, 189–200. Google Scholar | |
|
Renshaw, I, Chow, J, Davids, K (2010) A constraints-led perspective to understanding skill acquisition and game play: A basis for integration of motor learning theory and physical education praxis? Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy 15(2): 117–137. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Richard, J-F, Wallian, N (2005) Emphasizing student engagement in the construction of game performance. In: Griffin, L, Butler, J (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding: Theory, Research and Practice. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 19–32. Google Scholar | |
|
Rikard, RE, Banville, D (2006) High school attitudes about physical education. Sport, Education and Society 11(4): 385–400. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rink, J (2001) Investigating the assumptions of pedagogy. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 20: 112–128. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rink, J (2010) TGfU celebrations and cautions. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L (eds) More Teaching Games for Understanding: Moving Globally. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 33–48. Google Scholar | |
|
Rink, J, French, KE, Graham, K (1996b) Implications for practice and research. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 15: 490–502. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rink, J, French, KE, Tjeerdsma, B (1996a) Foundations for the learning and instruction of sport and games. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 15: 399–417. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Rovegno, I (1995) Theoretical perspectives on knowledge and learning and a student teacher’s pedagogical content knowledge of dividing and sequencing subject matter. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 14: 284–304. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Savelsbergh, G, Davids, K, van der Kamp, J (2003) Development of Movement Co-ordination in Children: Applications in the Fields of Ergonomics, Health Sciences and Sport. New York, NY: Routledge. Google Scholar | |
|
Schembri, G (2005) Active After School Communities: Playing for Life Coach's Guide. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission. Google Scholar | |
|
Shulman, L (1987) Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review 57: 1–22. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Siedentop, D (1994) Sport Education: Quality PE through Positive Sport Experiences. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Smith, A, Parr, M (2007) Young people’s views on the nature and purposes of physical education: A sociological analysis. Sport, Education and Society, 12(1): 37–58. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Stolz, SA, Pill, S (2012) Making sense of game sense. Active & Healthy Magazine 19(1): 5–8. Google Scholar | |
|
Sweeney, M, Everitt, A, Carifio, J (2003) Teaching games for understanding: A paradigm shift for undergraduate students. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L, Lombardo, B, Nastasi, R (eds) Teaching Games for Understanding in Physical Education and Sport. Oxon Hill: AAHPERD Publishers, pp. 113–122. Google Scholar | |
|
Tallir, IB, Musch, E, Valcke, M (2005) Effects of two instructional approaches for basketball on decision-making and recognition ability. International Journal of Sport Psychology 36: 107–126. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Tallir, I, Musch, E, Lenoir, M (2003) Assessment of play in basketball. Paper presented at: The 2nd International Conference: Teaching Sport and Physical Education for Understanding , Melbourne, University of Melbourne. Google Scholar | |
|
Tallir, IB, Musch, E, Lenoir, M (2004) Assessment of game play in basketball. Paper presented at: The 2nd International Conference: Teaching Sport and Physical Education , Melbourne, University of Melbourne. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, J, West, C (1969) A test of game sense in badminton. Perceptual and Motor Skills 28: 159–169. Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI | |
|
Thorpe, R (1997) We love the games, but when do we teach technique? Sports Coach 20(2): 4–5. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, R (2006) Rod Thorpe on teaching games for understanding. In: Kidman, L (ed), Athlete-Centred Coaching: Developing and Inspiring People. Christchurch, NZ: Innovative Print Communications Ltd, pp. 229–244. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, R (2012) Winston Churchill Memorial Trust. Available at: http://www.wcmt.org.uk/fellows-today/rod-thorpe.html (accessed 30 July 2012). Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, R, Bunker, D (2010) Preface. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L (eds) More Teaching Games for Understanding: Moving Globally. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. vii-xv. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, R, Bunker, D, Almond, L (1986) Rethinking Games Teaching. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University of Technology. Google Scholar | |
|
Thorpe, R, Bunker, D, Almond, L (1984) Chapter 21: A change in focus for the teaching of games. In: Pieron, M, Graham, G (eds) Sport Pedagogy. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 163–169. Google Scholar | |
|
Tinning, R, Fitzclarence, L (1992) Postmodern youth culture and the crisis in Australian secondary school physical education. Quest 44: 287–303. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI | |
|
Townsend, M, Jenkins, J, Wallhead, T (2009) Teacher progress and fourth-graders’ learning in the tactical approach. Paper presented at: The AAHPERD National Convention and Exposition , Tampa, Florida. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, A (1996) Teachers’ perceptions of technical and tactical models of instruction. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (March Supplement): A–90. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, A (2005) Teaching and learning games at the secondary level. In: Butler, J, Griffin, L (eds) More Teaching Games for Understanding: Moving Globally. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, pp. 71–90. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, A, Martinek, T (1992) A comparative analysis of two models for teaching games: Technique approach and game-centred (tactical focus) approach. International Journal of Physical Education 29: 15–31. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, A, Martinek, T (1995) An investigation into teaching games for understanding: effects on skill, knowledge and game play. Paper presented at: The AERA Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California. Google Scholar | |
|
Turner, A, Martinek, T (1999) An investigation into teaching games for understanding: Effects on skill, knowledge and game play. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 70(3): 286–296. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI | |
|
Turner, A, Allison, P, Pissanos, B (2001) Constructing a concept of skillfulness in invasion games within a games for understanding context. European Journal of Physical Education 6(1): 38–54. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Wade, A (1967) The F.A. Guide to Training and Coaching. London: Heinemann. Google Scholar | |
|
Wallhead, T, Deglan, D (2004) Effect of a tactical games approach on student motivation in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 75 (1: March Supplement): A83–A84. Google Scholar | ISI | |
|
Wallhead, T, O’Sullivan, M (2005) Sport education: Physical education for the new millennium. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 10(2): 181–210. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Wein, H (2001) Developing Youth Soccer Players: Coach Better with the Soccer Development Model. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Google Scholar | |
|
Werner, P, Thorpe, R, Bunker, D (1996) Teaching games for understanding: Evolution of a model. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 67(1): 28–33. Google Scholar | Crossref | |
|
Wiggins, G (1998) Educative Assessment: Designing Assessments to Inform and Improve Student Performance. San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar | |
|
Wiske, MS (1998) Teaching for Understanding. San Francisco, Ca: Jossey-Bass. Google Scholar |
